Natural environment, inland water distribution and water circulation has been changed greatly affected by human activities in Xinjiang, China. Human activities developed quickly in the inland watersheds in Xinjiang af...Natural environment, inland water distribution and water circulation has been changed greatly affected by human activities in Xinjiang, China. Human activities developed quickly in the inland watersheds in Xinjiang after 1950. More than 50% of river water is drawn into irrigation area, and all water in parts of little river is drawn to canal or reservoirs. However, there is evident hydrological effect caused by human activities. 1) water distribution in arid land has changed. A lot of river water is drawn into oasis and water table inside of oasis has risen but declined out of oasis. However, water table has declined in some cities because of over pumping for groundwater. 2) Stream process has changed after water drawing and drainage for irrigation. Runoff in the lower reaches of river has generally decreased, and the lower reaches of some rivers are even disappeared for stream. 3) Large watersheds have been divided into several small watersheds. In some tributaries, most of the river water has drawn to irrigation area so that stream in the lower reaches has disappeared for years. 4) Evaporation at oasis has increased from 50–200mm/a to 800–1300mm/a after reclamation. But it decreased to 50mm/a or less out of oasis. Some lakes have reduced or dried. Water-system with canals and reservoirs has appeared in the oases. 5) Water quality of inland rivers and lakes has generally deteriorated because it accepts drainage water from farmland and factories. 6) Effective scale of human activities on hydrological process in arid land has expanded from separate rivers to all watersheds; from surface water to groundwater; from drought season to flood season; and from single year to several years. Scale of the effect of human activities to hydrological process is going larger and larger. Along with the effective usage of water resources in the inland watershed in Xinjiang, the hydrological effect of human activities will be mainly change to: 1) river in pain area will be canalized; 2) stream process will be controlled by human being; 3) lakes in plain area will degenerate; 4) water will be salty in the lower reaches of river. However, hydrological conditions in Xinjiang will be better to water using and to natural environment.展开更多
English immersion in the mainland of China has started in Xi'an since the late 1990s, and extended into other cities in the mainland of China. This study reported the findings of the students' interactive peer learn...English immersion in the mainland of China has started in Xi'an since the late 1990s, and extended into other cities in the mainland of China. This study reported the findings of the students' interactive peer learning model in the immersion programs, such as peer prompting and waiting; non-verbal expressions; correcting errors and modulating speaking volume; translation; attending to the peer interlocutor' s needs; and reciprocating peer assistance.展开更多
Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstan...Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstanding contributions of academics,masters in various fields, and popularize the traditional cultures of ethnic groups all over the world, but also have a critical function of providing accurate indicative information on features with special morphology, origin, nature and scientific value. However, nomenclature for features at the Chang'e-3 landing site, which has a more arbitrary form without many constrains posed by a uniformed system, is unlike the features for other morphological units.This paper originated from the actual needs for the description of scientific exploration activities, interpretation of scientific research and dissemination of scientific results. Some prominent morphological units with great scientific importance and identification purpose were chosen from the images taken by the terrain camera, panorama cameras and landing camera onboard the Chang'e lander and Yutu rover. A nomenclature system was established under the three enclosures, four quadrants and twenty-eight lunar lodges' system of the Chinese ancient sky division method. Finally, a standard feature names set waspublished after some necessary approval procedures by the International Astronomical Union.展开更多
The research performance of top universities in China is revealed in this study and analyzed using the essential science indicators(ESI) database.Different types of bibliometric indicators are applied in this study,in...The research performance of top universities in China is revealed in this study and analyzed using the essential science indicators(ESI) database.Different types of bibliometric indicators are applied in this study,including publication output and impact indicators.This study finds that the academic performance of universities in China is advancing rapidly,with many universities coming out near the top of the rankings,especially in terms of quantity of papers.The quantitative performance of universities in China is remarkable.The research results show that there is a considerable gap between quality and quantity of research output at the top universities of China,with research influence concentrated on some specific fields for selected universities.Engineering,Chemistry and Material Science are the fields with relatively outstanding performance in the top universities.展开更多
This research compares a sample of the mainland Chinese university students (N = 325) and a sample of the British university students (N = 51) from a cross-cultural perspective by examining the relationships betwe...This research compares a sample of the mainland Chinese university students (N = 325) and a sample of the British university students (N = 51) from a cross-cultural perspective by examining the relationships between individual values and communicative competence. Specifically, it aims to gain an insight into cultural impact both on the Chinese university students' self-perceptions of communication competence in the Chinese cultural context and on the British university students' self-perceptions of communication competence in a Western cultural context. The findings suggest that the mainland Chinese university students' interdependent/independent self-construals best predict their self-perceptions of communication competence. Results indicate that both Western and Chinese social values influence the two samples' interdependent and independent self-construals, and the two samples' self-perceptions of communication competence and interdependent self-construals differ significantly展开更多
This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 fi...This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 first year junior secondary school pupils (247 boys and 228 girls) were surveyed about their strategy use in learning English vocabulary. Sixteen pupils (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in paired semi-structured interviews about their experiences of learning English vocabulary. Drawing on socio-cultural perspectives on language learning, the inquiry established the interconnections between the participants' strategy use and beliefs and identified the roles that agency played in their vocabulary learning. The analysis of interview data further revealed that the participants' strategy use emerged from interaction between their agency and the mediation of contextual resources and social agents including parents and teachers. These findings suggest that it is important for language teachers to collaborate with social agents such as parents in their efforts to support young learners' strategic vocabulary learning.展开更多
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ951 - B1 - 213) and National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (49890330).
文摘Natural environment, inland water distribution and water circulation has been changed greatly affected by human activities in Xinjiang, China. Human activities developed quickly in the inland watersheds in Xinjiang after 1950. More than 50% of river water is drawn into irrigation area, and all water in parts of little river is drawn to canal or reservoirs. However, there is evident hydrological effect caused by human activities. 1) water distribution in arid land has changed. A lot of river water is drawn into oasis and water table inside of oasis has risen but declined out of oasis. However, water table has declined in some cities because of over pumping for groundwater. 2) Stream process has changed after water drawing and drainage for irrigation. Runoff in the lower reaches of river has generally decreased, and the lower reaches of some rivers are even disappeared for stream. 3) Large watersheds have been divided into several small watersheds. In some tributaries, most of the river water has drawn to irrigation area so that stream in the lower reaches has disappeared for years. 4) Evaporation at oasis has increased from 50–200mm/a to 800–1300mm/a after reclamation. But it decreased to 50mm/a or less out of oasis. Some lakes have reduced or dried. Water-system with canals and reservoirs has appeared in the oases. 5) Water quality of inland rivers and lakes has generally deteriorated because it accepts drainage water from farmland and factories. 6) Effective scale of human activities on hydrological process in arid land has expanded from separate rivers to all watersheds; from surface water to groundwater; from drought season to flood season; and from single year to several years. Scale of the effect of human activities to hydrological process is going larger and larger. Along with the effective usage of water resources in the inland watershed in Xinjiang, the hydrological effect of human activities will be mainly change to: 1) river in pain area will be canalized; 2) stream process will be controlled by human being; 3) lakes in plain area will degenerate; 4) water will be salty in the lower reaches of river. However, hydrological conditions in Xinjiang will be better to water using and to natural environment.
文摘English immersion in the mainland of China has started in Xi'an since the late 1990s, and extended into other cities in the mainland of China. This study reported the findings of the students' interactive peer learning model in the immersion programs, such as peer prompting and waiting; non-verbal expressions; correcting errors and modulating speaking volume; translation; attending to the peer interlocutor' s needs; and reciprocating peer assistance.
基金provided by National Major Projects-GRAS Construction of China Lunar Exploration Project
文摘Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstanding contributions of academics,masters in various fields, and popularize the traditional cultures of ethnic groups all over the world, but also have a critical function of providing accurate indicative information on features with special morphology, origin, nature and scientific value. However, nomenclature for features at the Chang'e-3 landing site, which has a more arbitrary form without many constrains posed by a uniformed system, is unlike the features for other morphological units.This paper originated from the actual needs for the description of scientific exploration activities, interpretation of scientific research and dissemination of scientific results. Some prominent morphological units with great scientific importance and identification purpose were chosen from the images taken by the terrain camera, panorama cameras and landing camera onboard the Chang'e lander and Yutu rover. A nomenclature system was established under the three enclosures, four quadrants and twenty-eight lunar lodges' system of the Chinese ancient sky division method. Finally, a standard feature names set waspublished after some necessary approval procedures by the International Astronomical Union.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund Program(No.71073153)
文摘The research performance of top universities in China is revealed in this study and analyzed using the essential science indicators(ESI) database.Different types of bibliometric indicators are applied in this study,including publication output and impact indicators.This study finds that the academic performance of universities in China is advancing rapidly,with many universities coming out near the top of the rankings,especially in terms of quantity of papers.The quantitative performance of universities in China is remarkable.The research results show that there is a considerable gap between quality and quantity of research output at the top universities of China,with research influence concentrated on some specific fields for selected universities.Engineering,Chemistry and Material Science are the fields with relatively outstanding performance in the top universities.
文摘This research compares a sample of the mainland Chinese university students (N = 325) and a sample of the British university students (N = 51) from a cross-cultural perspective by examining the relationships between individual values and communicative competence. Specifically, it aims to gain an insight into cultural impact both on the Chinese university students' self-perceptions of communication competence in the Chinese cultural context and on the British university students' self-perceptions of communication competence in a Western cultural context. The findings suggest that the mainland Chinese university students' interdependent/independent self-construals best predict their self-perceptions of communication competence. Results indicate that both Western and Chinese social values influence the two samples' interdependent and independent self-construals, and the two samples' self-perceptions of communication competence and interdependent self-construals differ significantly
文摘This paper reports on a mixed method inquiry into the use of vocabulary learning strategies and their development as strategic vocabulary learners in a key middle school on the Chinese mainland. In the inquiry, 475 first year junior secondary school pupils (247 boys and 228 girls) were surveyed about their strategy use in learning English vocabulary. Sixteen pupils (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in paired semi-structured interviews about their experiences of learning English vocabulary. Drawing on socio-cultural perspectives on language learning, the inquiry established the interconnections between the participants' strategy use and beliefs and identified the roles that agency played in their vocabulary learning. The analysis of interview data further revealed that the participants' strategy use emerged from interaction between their agency and the mediation of contextual resources and social agents including parents and teachers. These findings suggest that it is important for language teachers to collaborate with social agents such as parents in their efforts to support young learners' strategic vocabulary learning.