Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several clinical conditions characterized by insulin-resistance and high cardiovascular risk. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the liver expression of the metabolic syndrome, and...Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several clinical conditions characterized by insulin-resistance and high cardiovascular risk. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the liver expression of the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance can be a frequent comorbidity in several chronic liver diseases, in particular hepatitis C virus infection and/or cirrhosis. Several studies have demonstrated that insulin action is not only relevant for glucose control, but also for vascular homeostasis. Insulin regulates nitric oxide production, which mediates to a large degree the vasodilating, antiinflammatory and antithrombotic properties of a healthy endothelium, guaranteeing organ perfusion. The effects of insulin on the liver microvasculature and the effects of IR on sinusoidal endothelial cells have been studied in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The hypotheses derived from these studies and the potential translation of these results into humans are critically discussed in this review.展开更多
Resistin,a newly discovered peptide hormone mainly secreted by adipose tissues,is present at high levels in serum of obese mice and may be a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However,so...Resistin,a newly discovered peptide hormone mainly secreted by adipose tissues,is present at high levels in serum of obese mice and may be a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However,some studies of rat and mouse models have associated insulin resistance and obesity with decreased resistin expression. In humans,no relationship between resistin level and insulin resistance or adiposity was observed. This suggests that additional studies are necessary to determine the specific role of resistin in the regulation of energy metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study,we investigated the effect of resistin in vivo on glucose and lipid metabolism by over-expressing resistin in mice by intramuscular injection of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Retn encoding porcine resistin gene. After injection,serum resistin and serum glucose (GLU) levels were significantly increased in the pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice; there was an obvious difference in total cholesterol (TC) level between the experiment and the control groups on Day 30. In pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice,both free fatty acid (FFA) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were markedly lower than those of control,whereas HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore,lipase activity was expressly lower on Day 20. Our data suggest that resistin over-expressed in mice might be responsible for insulin resistance and parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were changed accordingly.展开更多
In the present work, bacterial soil communities of different grapevine exploitation samples are studied in order to elucidate the possible influence of different agrarian management techniques （use of fertilizers, ir...In the present work, bacterial soil communities of different grapevine exploitation samples are studied in order to elucidate the possible influence of different agrarian management techniques （use of fertilizers, irrigation with river water） may have on the rhizospheric microbiome of Vitis vinifera plants. Therefore, it is postulated the Cenophenoresistome as a novel methodology to evaluate complex communities＇ global resistance against different antibiotics, by using and adjusting a serial of techniques traditionally applied to evaluate a monospecific population＇s resistance against antibiotics （Vitek, ATB and disk diffusion methods）. Likewise, the metabolic profile （CLPP： comunity level physiological profile） of bacterial communities is studied by Biolog ECO. In relation to the functional structure of the bacterial communities, it is observed that the metabolic profile （diversity, kinetics and CLPP） of unexploited soils differs from soils under anthropic influence. It is discussed the causes of resistance in the human clinic antibiotic treatment based on the agrarian management, especially with the contamination transmitted by irrigation water, which could be associated with changes in edaphic communities. The results obtained in the present study through two different approaches （Cenophenoresistome and metabolic profiles） are consistent with each other, suggesting that both methods can be good bioindicators of the state of humankind-altered soils that host natural ecosystems. Likewise, the concept of Cenophenoresistome is proposed as a bioindicator of soil response to alteration processes, as well as a possible predictor of its evolution in edaphic remediation processes.展开更多
The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium were determined. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Their...The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium were determined. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Their antibacterial activity was studied in vitro against three standard strains： E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and five clinical strains： Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas pyocyanique, Enterococcus faecium, and E. coli. Nineteen constituents were identified in A. herba-alba essential oil representing 99.57% of the total composition The major component was α-thujone （59.07%）. The bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 5μL/mL and killed at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 10 μL/mL. M. pulegium resulted in the identification of eighteen constituents representing 99.48% of the total composition. The main component was pulegone （78.07%）. The minimal inhibitory （MIC） and bactericidal （MBC） concentrations were ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 2.5 μL/mL.展开更多
One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. Insufficient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistanc...One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. Insufficient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-specific protease 2 （Senp2） in adipose tissues during obesity. Adipocyte 5enp2 deficiency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feeding. We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 （Setdbl） was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdbl occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3Kgme3. Senp2 could suppress Setdbl function by de-SUMOylation. In adipocyte 5enp2-deficiency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdbl suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpo genes as welt as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. These results revealed the crucial role of Senp2-Setdbl axis in controlling adipose lipid storage.展开更多
文摘Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several clinical conditions characterized by insulin-resistance and high cardiovascular risk. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the liver expression of the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance can be a frequent comorbidity in several chronic liver diseases, in particular hepatitis C virus infection and/or cirrhosis. Several studies have demonstrated that insulin action is not only relevant for glucose control, but also for vascular homeostasis. Insulin regulates nitric oxide production, which mediates to a large degree the vasodilating, antiinflammatory and antithrombotic properties of a healthy endothelium, guaranteeing organ perfusion. The effects of insulin on the liver microvasculature and the effects of IR on sinusoidal endothelial cells have been studied in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The hypotheses derived from these studies and the potential translation of these results into humans are critically discussed in this review.
基金Project (No. 0612068) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Ocean University, China
文摘Resistin,a newly discovered peptide hormone mainly secreted by adipose tissues,is present at high levels in serum of obese mice and may be a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However,some studies of rat and mouse models have associated insulin resistance and obesity with decreased resistin expression. In humans,no relationship between resistin level and insulin resistance or adiposity was observed. This suggests that additional studies are necessary to determine the specific role of resistin in the regulation of energy metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study,we investigated the effect of resistin in vivo on glucose and lipid metabolism by over-expressing resistin in mice by intramuscular injection of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Retn encoding porcine resistin gene. After injection,serum resistin and serum glucose (GLU) levels were significantly increased in the pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice; there was an obvious difference in total cholesterol (TC) level between the experiment and the control groups on Day 30. In pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice,both free fatty acid (FFA) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were markedly lower than those of control,whereas HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore,lipase activity was expressly lower on Day 20. Our data suggest that resistin over-expressed in mice might be responsible for insulin resistance and parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were changed accordingly.
文摘In the present work, bacterial soil communities of different grapevine exploitation samples are studied in order to elucidate the possible influence of different agrarian management techniques （use of fertilizers, irrigation with river water） may have on the rhizospheric microbiome of Vitis vinifera plants. Therefore, it is postulated the Cenophenoresistome as a novel methodology to evaluate complex communities＇ global resistance against different antibiotics, by using and adjusting a serial of techniques traditionally applied to evaluate a monospecific population＇s resistance against antibiotics （Vitek, ATB and disk diffusion methods）. Likewise, the metabolic profile （CLPP： comunity level physiological profile） of bacterial communities is studied by Biolog ECO. In relation to the functional structure of the bacterial communities, it is observed that the metabolic profile （diversity, kinetics and CLPP） of unexploited soils differs from soils under anthropic influence. It is discussed the causes of resistance in the human clinic antibiotic treatment based on the agrarian management, especially with the contamination transmitted by irrigation water, which could be associated with changes in edaphic communities. The results obtained in the present study through two different approaches （Cenophenoresistome and metabolic profiles） are consistent with each other, suggesting that both methods can be good bioindicators of the state of humankind-altered soils that host natural ecosystems. Likewise, the concept of Cenophenoresistome is proposed as a bioindicator of soil response to alteration processes, as well as a possible predictor of its evolution in edaphic remediation processes.
文摘The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium were determined. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Their antibacterial activity was studied in vitro against three standard strains： E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and five clinical strains： Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas pyocyanique, Enterococcus faecium, and E. coli. Nineteen constituents were identified in A. herba-alba essential oil representing 99.57% of the total composition The major component was α-thujone （59.07%）. The bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 5μL/mL and killed at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 10 μL/mL. M. pulegium resulted in the identification of eighteen constituents representing 99.48% of the total composition. The main component was pulegone （78.07%）. The minimal inhibitory （MIC） and bactericidal （MBC） concentrations were ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 2.5 μL/mL.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （91019021 and 81430069 to J.C.）, the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （2013CB910902 to J.C.）, Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology （15ZR1424500 to T.W. and 15140904300）, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission （ZZjdyx15003 to T.W. and 2017-01-07-00-01-E00050 to J.C.）, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine （14XJ10001 to T.W.）.
文摘One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. Insufficient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-specific protease 2 （Senp2） in adipose tissues during obesity. Adipocyte 5enp2 deficiency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feeding. We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 （Setdbl） was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdbl occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3Kgme3. Senp2 could suppress Setdbl function by de-SUMOylation. In adipocyte 5enp2-deficiency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdbl suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpo genes as welt as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. These results revealed the crucial role of Senp2-Setdbl axis in controlling adipose lipid storage.
