复杂地基上重力坝深层抗滑稳定降强法试验研究

重力坝坝基中软弱结构面强度弱化行为是影响大坝稳定的一个重要因素。地质力学模型降强法试验是研究该问题的重要途径,模型采用变温相似材料实现了降强法试验,并对变温相似材料及其相应的试验技术做进一步的研究。利用最小二乘法原理,从理论上拟合了抗剪断强度参数与温度之间的关系曲线,通过拟合公式确定了强度幅度与其所对应的温升值。研究成果应用于某重力坝工程中,将降强与超载相结合,开展了该重力坝整体稳定综合法破坏试验,获得坝与地基的变位特性、破坏形态和破坏机理,提出该重力坝降强法试验安全系数和综合稳定安全度,评价了工程安全性。

基于降强法的拱坝坝肩动力稳定分析研究

拱坝坝肩动力抗滑稳定分析,关系到拱坝建设是否安全可靠及经济合理,具有重大的意义.结合工程实例,以有限元理论为基础,利用拱坝抗震研究的静动组合算法,首先在静力工况下求解出坝体作用于坝肩滑体的作用力,在此基础上,保持与静力工况同样的材料折减系数,施加由反应谱法得到的地震荷载,进行降强稳定计算,得出动力安全系数,为工程建设提供了设计依据.

白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡动力稳定数值计算分析

针对白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡存在多个潜在滑动块体的问题,建立了左岸边坡的三维有限元计算模型,采用拟静力法、动力时程安全系数分析法和动力降强法研究了左岸边坡的主要块体和整体的动力稳定性。结果表明,以C3-1为底滑面的潜在滑动块体的动力稳定性能满足设计规范要求,而以LS337为底滑面的块体#1-1、#2和#3的动力稳定安全系数偏小,整体稳定安全系数亦偏低,需采取必要的加固措施。

复杂地质条件下闸坝深层抗滑稳定非线性有限元分析

鉴于复杂地质条件下闸坝深层抗滑稳定分析中刚体极限平衡法算法的局限性,本文采用三维非线性有限元分析方法,将降强法与超载法引入闸坝的深层抗滑稳定分析中,验算闸坝抗滑稳定性。针对涪江干流遂宁市唐家渡电航工程坝基的地质条件及设计成果,建立非线性有限元模型,考虑软弱夹层与地基的接触特性,分别采用降强法与超载法进行深层抗滑稳定验算。计算结果表明,利用降强法和超载法能够精确得到闸坝的深层抗滑稳定安全系数,且能反映闸坝失稳破坏的全过程。

Infiltration regulation and stability analysis of soil slope under sustained and small intensity rainfall

Rainfall infiltration depth and mode can severely influence slope stability.With the sustained rainfall,the influenced region of slope gradually expands.By using the Green-Ampt model to the soil slope,infiltration regulation was discussed under sustained and small intensity rainfall.And the infiltration rate of unsaturated soil was proposed according to the saturated infiltration theory.Because of the changing of initial moisture content in depth of slope,the saturated or unsaturated infiltration rate and depth could also be changeable with the sustained rainfall infiltration.Based on the principle of strength reduction,the calculation model of slope safety factor was established under different initial moisture contents and infiltration modes.Then,the slope stability was quantitatively analyzed through software FLAC3D.The calculation results of soil slope engineering show that there is a shorter period for slope stability under different initial moisture contents and unsaturated infiltration ways at the slope wetting front.The stability period of slope is 33.3%according to different initial moisture contents of wetting front less than that of the same initial moisture content of wetting front.And the slope is easier to fail under the unsaturated infiltration.The results agree well with the actual situation under sustained and small intensity rainfall.

A speech enhancement algorithm to reduce noise and compensate for partial masking effect

To enhance the speech quality that is degraded by environmental noise,an algorithm was proposed to reduce the noise and reinforce the speech.The minima controlled recursive averaging(MCRA) algorithm was used to estimate the noise spectrum and the partial masking effect which is one of the psychoacoustic properties was introduced to reinforce speech.The performance evaluation was performed by comparing the PESQ(perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and segSNR(segmental signal to noise ratio) by the proposed algorithm with the conventional algorithm.As a result,average PESQ by the proposed algorithm was higher than the average PESQ by the conventional noise reduction algorithm and segSNR was higher as much as 3.2 dB in average than that of the noise reduction algorithm.

A new double reduction method for slope stability analysis

The core of strength reduction method(SRM) involves finding a critical strength curve that happens to make the slope globally fail and a definition of factor of safety(FOS). A new double reduction method, including a detailed calculation procedure and a definition of FOS for slope stability was developed based on the understanding of SRM. When constructing the new definition of FOS, efforts were made to make sure that it has concise physical meanings and fully reflects the shear strength of the slope. Two examples, slopes A and B with the slope angles of 63° and 34° respectively, were given to verify the method presented. It is found that, for these two slopes, the FOSs from original strength reduction method are respectively 1.5% and 38% higher than those from double reduction method. It is also found that the double reduction method predicts a deeper potential slide line and a larger slide mass. These results show that on one hand, the double reduction method is comparative to the traditional methods and is reasonable, and on the other hand, the original strength reduction method may overestimate the safety of a slope. The method presented is advised to be considered as an additional option in the practical slope stability evaluations although more useful experience is required.

Climate Change Impacts on Central China and Adaptation Measures

In Central China, the obvious climate change has happened along with global warming. Based on the observational analysis, the climate change has significant effects, both positive and negative, in every field within the study area, and with the harmful effects far more prevalent. Under the A1B scenario, it is reported that temperature, precipitation, days of heat waves, and extreme precipitation intensity will increase at respective rates of 0.38℃ per decade, 12.6 mm per decade, 6.4 d and 47 mm per decade in the 21st century. It is widely believed that these climate changes in the future will result in some apparent impacts on agro-ecosystems, water resources, wetland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, human health, energy sectors and other sensitive fields in Central China. Due to the limited scientific knowledge and researches, there are still some shortages in the climate change assessment methodologies and many uncertainties in the climate prediction results. Therefore, it is urgent and essential to increase the studies of the regional climate change adaptation, extend the research fields, and enhance the studies in the extreme weather and climate events to reduce the uncertainties of the climate change assessments.

多软弱层坝肩的拱坝坝体弹塑性破坏模式分析

拱坝是空间壳体结构,将坝体、坝基、坝肩联合的一个整体,通过拱圈的作用将受力传递至两岸山体,常修建于高山峡谷地带,伴随着节理发育断层、高应力边坡、软弱边坡等地质复杂问题。某对数螺旋形双曲拱坝在施工阶段发现左拱端坝肩存在多层倾向下游、倾向河谷的软弱层,在重力和拱坝拱端推力的作用下易发生破坏,对拱坝的安全稳定性造成威胁。基于德鲁克-普拉格(Drucker-Prager,简称D-P)准则,分别采用超载法和降强法分析坝体在特殊荷载作用下和材料弱化影响下的弹塑性破坏模式,评估坝体的超载能力和安全特性。

Spatio-temporal analysis and simulation on shallow rainfall-induced landslides in China using landslide susceptibility dynamics and rainfall I-D thresholds

An empirical simulation method to simulate the possible position of shallow rainfall-induced landslides in China has been developed.This study shows that such a simulation may be operated in real-time to highlight those areas that are highly prone to rainfall-induced landslides on the basis of the landslide susceptibility index and the rainfall intensity-duration(I-D) thresholds.First,the study on landslide susceptibility in China is introduced.The entire territory has been classified into five categories,among which high-susceptibility regions(Zone 4-'High' and 5-'Very high') account for 4.15%of the total extension of China.Second,rainfall is considered as an external triggering factor that may induce landslide initiation.Real-time satellite-based TMPA3B42 products may provide real rainfall spatial and temporal patterns,which may be used to derive rainfall duration time and intensity.By using a historical record of 60 significant past landslides,the rainfall I-D equation has been calibrated.The rainfall duration time that may trigger a landslide has resulted between 3 hours and 45 hours.The combination of these two aspects can be exploited to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall-induced landslide hazards when rainfall events exceed the rainfall I-D thresholds,where the susceptibility category is 'high' or 'very high'.This study shows a useful tool to be part of a systematic landslide simulation methodology,potentially providing useful information for a theoretical basis and practical guide for landslide prediction and mitigation throughout China.

Experimental study on flutter stability of a long-span bridge subject to wind-rain actions

Based on the free vibration test method for extracting flutter derivatives,an experiment on flutter stability of a long-span bridge under simultaneous actions of wind and rain was carried out in a wind tunnel.A separated twin-box girder section model was employed as the specimen.The flutter derivatives and critical flutter wind speed of this girder subject to both wind and rain(with various rainfall intensities,wind speeds and attack angles)were obtained,then the flutter stability of the bridge influenced by rainfall was analyzed.Experimental results showed that the flutter derivatives of this bridge depend on the angles of attack of wind flow in the wind and rain fields.Also,rainfall has great effect on three flutter derivatives(H2*,H4* and A4*)and has less effect on other three flutter derivatives(H1*,H3* and A3*).With the increasing rainfall density,the critical flutter velocity first increases and then decreases.Low density of rainfall has the effect of increasing mass,stiffness and damping on bridge decks,and higher density of rainfall has the effect of random inhomogeneous impact on bridge decks.