【目的】探究西南山区未来降水侵蚀力变化规律。【方法】根据中国天气发生器NCC/GU-WG Version 2.0模型预测的2011-2050年贵州省19个气象站逐日降水量数据,利用日降雨侵蚀力模型,运用克吕格插值、小波分析等方法对贵州省2011-2050年降...【目的】探究西南山区未来降水侵蚀力变化规律。【方法】根据中国天气发生器NCC/GU-WG Version 2.0模型预测的2011-2050年贵州省19个气象站逐日降水量数据,利用日降雨侵蚀力模型,运用克吕格插值、小波分析等方法对贵州省2011-2050年降水侵蚀力时空变化特征进行了分析。【结果】结果表明:全省多年平均降水侵蚀力与多年平均降水量空间分布一致,均由东部、南部向西部、北部逐渐降低;多年平均降水侵蚀力在高程与坡度梯度上差异突出;6~8月降水侵蚀力占全年的62%;40年间降水侵蚀力呈下降趋势,存在28年、17年和9年的主周期变化。【结论】未来降水量时空变化特点是影响贵州省降水侵蚀力变化的主要因素。展开更多
Robinia pseudoacacia stands act as a typical ecological protection forest in hilly semi-arid area of China. Two fields of surface runoff were separately set up in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area in the wes...Robinia pseudoacacia stands act as a typical ecological protection forest in hilly semi-arid area of China. Two fields of surface runoff were separately set up in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area in the western Liaoning Province (1850-12225 E, 4024-4234 N) for measuring the characteristics of runoff and sediment as well as soil moisture dynamics. Contractive analysis of the two land types showed that there existed a significant difference in volumes of runoff and sediment between the sites of R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area. The runoff volume and sediment volume in clearcut area were much bigger than those in R. pseudoacacia stand, with an increase amount of 40%-177% for runoff and 180%-400% for sediment. Hydrograph of surface runoff of typical rainfall showed that the peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was decreased by 1.0-2.5?0-3m3s-1 compared with that in its clearcut area, and the occurring time of peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was 10-20 min later than that in its clearcut area. Harmonic analysis of soil moisture dynamics indicated that the soil moisture in R. pseudoacacia stand was 2.3 % higher than that in clearcut area, and the soil moisture both in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area could be divided into dry season and humid season and varied periodically with annual rainfall precipitation. It was concluded that R. pseudoacacia stand plays a very important role in storing water, increasing soil moisture, and reducing surface runoff and soil erosion.展开更多
Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterio...Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterion, the emphasis control area (149 x 10~3km^2) of the LoessPlateau is demarked, and is divided into 10 control regions. The controllable area and the locationof control measures are conformed. Level terraces are mainly collocated on the 3° ―15° slopes,woodland and grassland are collocated on the > 15° slopes, and the proportion of woodland tograssland is 8: 2 in the forest belt, 5: 5 in the forest steppe belt, and 2: 8 in the steppe belt.The 9000 combinations of soil-water conservation measures in different rainfall conditions areobtained by the permutation and combination method, according to the 9 rainfall frequencies and thecontrollable areas of level terrace, woodland and grassland at 10% of control progress rate. Thequality standards of level terrace, woodland and grassland are ascertained. The evaluation indexesof soil-water conservation benefits of level terrace, woodland and grassland are establishedrespectively in the condition that rainfall index is higher than that of erosive index of slopingfield. Based on the results above, the sediment reducing benefit and soil erosion modulus in thedifferent rainfall conditions and control degrees are analyzed, which could provide adecision-making basis for soil-water loss control on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Improved understanding of the effect of shrub cover on soil erosion process will provide valuable information for soil and water conservation programs.Laboratory rainfall simulations were conducted to determine the ef...Improved understanding of the effect of shrub cover on soil erosion process will provide valuable information for soil and water conservation programs.Laboratory rainfall simulations were conducted to determine the effects of shrubs on runoff and soil erosion and to ascertain the relationship between the rate of soil loss and the runoff hydrodynamic characteristics.In these simulations a 20° slope was subjected to rainfall intensities of 45,87,and 127 mm/h.The average runoff rates ranged from 0.51 to 1.26 mm/min for bare soil plots and 0.15 to 0.96 mm/min for shrub plots.Average soil loss rates varied from 44.19 to 114.61 g/(min·m^2) for bare soil plots and from 5.61 to 84.58 g/(min·m^2) for shrub plots.There was a positive correlation between runoff and soil loss for the bare soil plots,and soil loss increased with increased runoff for shrub plots only when rainfall intensity is 127 mm/h.Runoff and soil erosion processes were strongly influenced by soil surface conditions because of the formation of erosion pits and rills.The unit stream power was the optimal hydrodynamic parameter to characterize the soil erosion mechanisms.The soil loss rate increased linearly with the unit stream power on both shrub and bare soil plots.Critical unit stream power values were 0.004 m/s for bare soil plots and 0.017 m/s for shrub plots.展开更多
文摘【目的】探究西南山区未来降水侵蚀力变化规律。【方法】根据中国天气发生器NCC/GU-WG Version 2.0模型预测的2011-2050年贵州省19个气象站逐日降水量数据,利用日降雨侵蚀力模型,运用克吕格插值、小波分析等方法对贵州省2011-2050年降水侵蚀力时空变化特征进行了分析。【结果】结果表明:全省多年平均降水侵蚀力与多年平均降水量空间分布一致,均由东部、南部向西部、北部逐渐降低;多年平均降水侵蚀力在高程与坡度梯度上差异突出;6~8月降水侵蚀力占全年的62%;40年间降水侵蚀力呈下降趋势,存在28年、17年和9年的主周期变化。【结论】未来降水量时空变化特点是影响贵州省降水侵蚀力变化的主要因素。
基金This paper was supported by Chinese 863 Plan Water-Saving Agriculture (2002AA2Z4321),the Key Knowledge Innovation Project (SCXZY0103) and The Tenth-five Plan of Liaoning Province (2001212001).
文摘Robinia pseudoacacia stands act as a typical ecological protection forest in hilly semi-arid area of China. Two fields of surface runoff were separately set up in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area in the western Liaoning Province (1850-12225 E, 4024-4234 N) for measuring the characteristics of runoff and sediment as well as soil moisture dynamics. Contractive analysis of the two land types showed that there existed a significant difference in volumes of runoff and sediment between the sites of R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area. The runoff volume and sediment volume in clearcut area were much bigger than those in R. pseudoacacia stand, with an increase amount of 40%-177% for runoff and 180%-400% for sediment. Hydrograph of surface runoff of typical rainfall showed that the peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was decreased by 1.0-2.5?0-3m3s-1 compared with that in its clearcut area, and the occurring time of peak value of runoff in R. pseudoacacia stand was 10-20 min later than that in its clearcut area. Harmonic analysis of soil moisture dynamics indicated that the soil moisture in R. pseudoacacia stand was 2.3 % higher than that in clearcut area, and the soil moisture both in R. pseudoacacia stand and its clearcut area could be divided into dry season and humid season and varied periodically with annual rainfall precipitation. It was concluded that R. pseudoacacia stand plays a very important role in storing water, increasing soil moisture, and reducing surface runoff and soil erosion.
文摘Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterion, the emphasis control area (149 x 10~3km^2) of the LoessPlateau is demarked, and is divided into 10 control regions. The controllable area and the locationof control measures are conformed. Level terraces are mainly collocated on the 3° ―15° slopes,woodland and grassland are collocated on the > 15° slopes, and the proportion of woodland tograssland is 8: 2 in the forest belt, 5: 5 in the forest steppe belt, and 2: 8 in the steppe belt.The 9000 combinations of soil-water conservation measures in different rainfall conditions areobtained by the permutation and combination method, according to the 9 rainfall frequencies and thecontrollable areas of level terrace, woodland and grassland at 10% of control progress rate. Thequality standards of level terrace, woodland and grassland are ascertained. The evaluation indexesof soil-water conservation benefits of level terrace, woodland and grassland are establishedrespectively in the condition that rainfall index is higher than that of erosive index of slopingfield. Based on the results above, the sediment reducing benefit and soil erosion modulus in thedifferent rainfall conditions and control degrees are analyzed, which could provide adecision-making basis for soil-water loss control on the Loess Plateau.
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB403303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571276)+1 种基金Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province(No.162101510004)Foundation of Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research of China(No.HKY-JBYW-2016-33)
文摘Improved understanding of the effect of shrub cover on soil erosion process will provide valuable information for soil and water conservation programs.Laboratory rainfall simulations were conducted to determine the effects of shrubs on runoff and soil erosion and to ascertain the relationship between the rate of soil loss and the runoff hydrodynamic characteristics.In these simulations a 20° slope was subjected to rainfall intensities of 45,87,and 127 mm/h.The average runoff rates ranged from 0.51 to 1.26 mm/min for bare soil plots and 0.15 to 0.96 mm/min for shrub plots.Average soil loss rates varied from 44.19 to 114.61 g/(min·m^2) for bare soil plots and from 5.61 to 84.58 g/(min·m^2) for shrub plots.There was a positive correlation between runoff and soil loss for the bare soil plots,and soil loss increased with increased runoff for shrub plots only when rainfall intensity is 127 mm/h.Runoff and soil erosion processes were strongly influenced by soil surface conditions because of the formation of erosion pits and rills.The unit stream power was the optimal hydrodynamic parameter to characterize the soil erosion mechanisms.The soil loss rate increased linearly with the unit stream power on both shrub and bare soil plots.Critical unit stream power values were 0.004 m/s for bare soil plots and 0.017 m/s for shrub plots.