射水抽气器降水压节电改造

对射水抽气器进行节能改造。分析了射水抽气器及射水泵存在的较大设计、运行裕度 ,提出了安装一套射水压力自动控制系统 ,并从试验中找出最佳运行参数 ,用实际运行数据分析了此改造有较高的经济性。

矿山采场水压爆破降尘技术研究进展

水压爆破降尘技术是矿山爆破开采过程中有效降低爆破粉尘浓度的手段之一。从爆破粉尘的产生及其特性、炮烟的产生及其特性、爆破粉尘及炮烟的运动规律等方面阐述了爆破粉尘及炮烟的扩散规律,从水压爆破降尘机理与影响因素、水炮泥配方研制及配比优化、水压爆破装药结构优化试验等方面介绍了节能高效环保水压爆破降尘技术研究现状,并对该技术的研究方向进行了展望:不同矿山的岩石性质差别较大,大多数水炮泥配方优化研究仅停留在实验阶段,需要获取更多的矿山爆破现场降尘数据来进行验证;水和多种材料组合制成的炮泥比单一材料制成的水炮泥降尘效果更好,但是每种材料的最佳堵塞长度等主要参数的研究需要更加深入;水压爆破降尘技术与其他降尘技术相结合是进一步降低采场粉尘浓度的关键方法。

某地铁车站抽水试验及降水方案数值模拟

以常州某地铁车站项目为对象,针对地铁车站降水施工,先进行抽水试验,然后针对抽水试验开展数值仿真分析;并在获得有效结果的基础上,展开整个降水施工的数值仿真模拟,依据可靠的仿真分析结果,优化了降水设计。地铁车站的施工过程中,地下水位和水头均在设计控制范围内,降水方案确保了施工安全,使后续施工按期完成。

富水砂层浅埋暗挖大断面地铁风道施工技术

介绍广州地铁大断面风道在拱顶处遇富水砂层的浅埋暗挖施工采用超前小导管定位注浆 ,形成隔水围幕 ,超前分区降水、分区注浆措施及临时仰拱 。

凝泵变频装置在600MW机组中的应用

利用凝泵变频装置控制凝结水系统的自动运行可大大节约发电厂用电量。为进一步降低发电厂发电成本,提高机组运行的经济性,辽宁清河发电有限责任公司9号汽轮机组凝泵配备了一套变频装置,并从2011年3月开始研究凝结水系统的优化运行,采取了降低凝泵出口水压、工作转速等技术措施,确定了最佳的凝泵变频运行方式,通过半年多试运行已初见成效。

川西非常规气藏压裂改造工艺初探

新场地区须家河组五段地层为砂泥岩互层的非常规储层,储层厚度平均500 m左右,脆性矿物含量约60%且天然裂缝发育,通过体积压裂改造具备形成大型缝网的条件。针对该类储层的地质特征,在引进国外页岩气压裂工艺的基础上,研制形成的降阻水体系降阻率达到80%、探索形成的分层压裂工艺及体积压裂的规模、排量、停泵次数等施工参数,通过现场实施得到验证,压后平均产量为3.5×104m3/d,取得较好改造效果。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON WUQING GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR,TIANJIN

In this paper the computer code of AUTOUGH2 is used to carry out numerical simulation study on the Wuqing geothermal reservoir for evaluating reservoir performance upon different exploitation schemes.The simulating calculation and analysis of two main cases,production without reinjection and production with reinjection,were carried out to illuminate and compare the temperature and pressure profiles with distance and time.The water level or pressure will decrease with the time of production,and the reinjection will cause the cooling effect of reinjection on the production zone.

凝结水泵变频装置在600MW机组的应用

介绍了辽宁清河发电有限责任公司600 MW 9号汽轮发电机组凝结水泵变频装置的自动控制逻辑,系统优化运行中采取的降低凝结水泵出口水压、工作转速等技术措施及最佳变频运行方式,在优化运行中凝结水泵安全稳定,每小时节电200 kW.h,降低了发电成本,提高了机组的经济效益。

One-dimensional consolidation of visco-elastic aquitard due to withdrawal of deep-groundwater

One-dimensional consolidation of visco-elastic aquitard due to withdrawal of deep-groundwater was studied.Merchant model was used to simulate visco-elastic characteristic of aquitard.General solutions of the governing equation were obtained by applying Laplace transform with respect to time,and then the pore-pressure,strain and deformation of the aquitard could be calculated by Laplace inversion.A case was analyzed to validate the correctness of the present method.Finally,some consolidation properties of the problem were analyzed.Comparison of the average degree of consolidation defined by pore pressure with that defined by settlement shows that they are different and the maximum difference is 22.8%.The influences of parameters of Merchant model and the rate of the water level on the consolidation are great.The smaller the viscosity coefficient is,the later the rate of consolidation decreases.The rate of consolidation is decreased with the decrease of the rate of the water level fall.Therefore,the lagged effect of land subsidence should be considered in the actual project.

Precipitation under Subtropical High Conditions:Evidence and Implications

The impact of the subtropical high (STH) on precipitation was investigated on a daily timescale using matched NCEP and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) datasets.Comparison of the conditional probability (intensity) of precipitation under STH condi-tions with that under non-STH conditions suggests that the presence of the STH conditions has a limited impact on local precipitation.In the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH),precipitation was only 30% lower under STH conditions than under non-STH conditions.The STH conditions had somewhat more impact on precipitation intensity,but it was still 50% less than the intensity under non-STH conditions (mean of roughly 5 mm d 1).Pre-cipitation under STH conditions was found to be highly correlated with vertical motion.Active updrafts occurring even under STH conditions are essential for frequent oc-currences and moderate intensities of precipitation.

Impact of interannual variations of spring sea ice in the Barents Sea on East Asian rainfall in June

This study reveals a significant relationship, on the interannual timescale, between a dipole mode, the second leading mode, of spring sea-ice anomalies in the Barents Sea and the following-summer rainfall in East Asia. Related to the dipole mode, with the heavier sea ice in the north and lighter sea ice in the southeast Barents Sea in spring, the East Asian summer subtropical rainy belt tends to move northward. The significant relationship is established through a wave train over northern Eurasia in the lower troposphere in June. The wave train enhances the northern East Asian low, which induces more rainfall to the north of the East Asian subtropical rainy belt and then attracts the subtropical rainy belt to move northward. This study suggests that the dipole mode of spring sea-ice anomalies in the Barents Sea may be a good precursor for the prediction of East Asian summer rainfall.

大温差小流量风机盘管机组设计分析

针对大温差小流量风机盘管机组在应用中存在的供冷量不足的问题,通过理论研究提出采用减少回路数的方案,完成样机制作并进行性能试验。结果表明,优化方案使供冷量提升了约10%,水压降的增幅在可接受的范围内,满足设计要求。研究结果可为类似空调产品的设计提供参考。

Effect of nozzle geometry on pressure drop in submerged gas injection

Submerged gas injection into liquid leads to complex multiphase flow, in which nozzle geometries are crucial important for the operational expenditure in terms of pressure drop. The influence of the nozzle geometry on pressure drop between nozzle inlet and outlet has been experimentally studied for different gas flow rates and bath depths. Nozzles with circular, gear-like and four-leaf cross-sectional shape have been studied. The results indicate that, besides the hydraulic diameter of the outlet, the orifice area and the perimeter of the nozzle tip also play significant roles. For the same superficial gas velocity, the average pressure drop from the four-leaf-shaped geometry is the least. The influence of bath depth was found negligible. A correlation for the modified Euler number considering the pressure drop is proposed depending on nozzle geometric parameter and on the modified Froude number with the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle do as characteristic length.

Numerical Investigation on the Initiation Mechanism of Debris-Flow under Rainfall

Rainfall is an important factor to trigger the debris flow.Numerical simulation on the responses of slopes and the initiation of debris flow under rainfall was processed by using the software FLAC2D based on the soil parameters in Weijia Gully,Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The effects of the slope angle,rainfall intensity,soil parameters on the developments of the stress and pore pressure and deformation of the slope were studied.It indicates that large displacements of the slope are mainly located near the slope toe.With the increase of the rainfall intensity the stability of the slope decreases and so the debris-flow is easy to occur.

Composition of stable isotope in precipitation and its influences by different vapor sources in the eastern Qilian Mountains

To better understand the process of precipitation and water cycle, the composition of stable isotope in precipitation and its influences by different vapor sources in the eastern of Qilian Mountains were conducted from June 2013 to May 2014. The total of 100 precipitation samples were collected in Wushaoling national meteorological station located in the eastern of Qilian Mountains. The analysis indicates that the slope of Local Meteoric Water Line is lower than that of Global Meteoric Water Line. The average values of δ18 O and δD in precipitation are higher in summer but lower in winter. Except for negative correlation with relative humidity, the stable isotope values in precipitation are positive correlations with temperature, precipitation and water vapor pressure. Influenced by water vapor source, the values of d-excess are lower for the Westerly wind and the South Asia Monsoon onJuly and the Westerly wind and the East Asia Monsoon on August, but they are higher for the Westerly wind on other months, that they are also influenced by the weather conditions in rainfall process. The variation of stable isotope in precipitation exhibited significant temperature effect, and there is also some precipitation amount effect in spring and summer.

Combined impact of in-phase and out-of-phase variation between the northern East Asian low and western North Pacific subtropical high on East Asian summer rainfall

East Asian summer rainfall is affected by both the continental northern East Asian low （NEAL） and the western North Pacific subtropical high （WNPSH） in the lower troposphere. This study investigates the joint effect of the two circulation factors on East Asian summer rainfall. It is found that the rainfall in East Asia behaves differently in the years with in-phase and out-of-phase variation between the NEAL and WNPSH. When the NEAL and WNPSH vary in phase, i.e. when they are both stronger, the rainfall anomaly shows a dipole pattern in East Asia and displays opposite changes between north and south of 30°N. When the two circulation factors vary out of phase, the rainfall anomaly is concentrated in the Yangtze River valley.

Numerical Simulation of Land Subsidence at Tanggu District in Tianjin, China

Based on observed data from Tanggu District in Tianjin, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model was introduced to predict possible land subsidence due to exploitation of groundwater. According to model estimation under various hypothetical extraction scenarios, patterns of land subsidence at Tanggu District were studied and discussed.The predicted average background land subsidence rate of Tanggu is 9.47 mm/a.The significance of contribution of aquifers to land subsidence descends in order of units Ⅳ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅱ.Land subsidence tends to deteriorate with the increase in total extraction rate.

进水系统对家用洗衣机性能影响的研究

本文以家用洗衣机的进水系统为研究对象,以GB 4288-2008《家用和类似用途电动洗衣机》为参考,主要分析了进水系统对于进水过程及进水过程中各个参数的影响。通过试验数据对比分析了进水系统中各重要影响参数:进水口压力、水压降差、出水口压力、流量,并给出了合理化建议。对于未来家用洗衣机的正确使用及相关标准的制定有一定的参考意义。

Effect of rainfall on a colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley

A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part(0~41 m) of the landslide was greaterthan in the central-front part(41~84 m) and(2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure:(1) gully erosion at the slope surface;(2) shallow sliding failure;(3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement(using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall(average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding(30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase(EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season.

Developing Flow Pressure Drop and Friction Factor of Water in Copper Microchannels

Experiments of de-ionized water flowing in microchannels made in copper blocks were carried out to obtain pressure drop and friction factor and to investigate any possible discrepancies from conventional theory. Three channels with widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.71 mm, a depth of 0.39 mm and a length of 62 mm were tested. For adiabatic tests, the temperature of the working fluid was maintained at 30 ℃, 60 ℃ and 90 ℃ without any heat fluxes supplied to the test section. The experimental conditions covered a range of Reynolds numbers from 234 to 3,430. For non-adiabatic tests, the inlet temperature and heat flux applied were 30 ℃ and 147 kW/m2 and only for the 0.635 mm channel. The friction factors obtained for the widest channel （Dh = 0.635 mm） are reported for both adiabatic and non-adiabatic experiments to assess possible temperature effects. The paper focuses on the effect of hydraulic diameter on pressure drop and friction factor over the experimental conditions. The pressure drop was found to decrease as the inlet temperature was increased, while the friction factors for the three test sections did not show significant differences. The experimental friction factors were in reasonable agreement with conventional developing flow theory. The effect of temperature on friction factor was not considerable as the friction factor with and without heat flux was almost the same.