2013年5月至2014年6月,对干旱河谷区云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))4个...2013年5月至2014年6月,对干旱河谷区云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))4个处理水平。采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定每月土壤呼吸速率。结果表明,4个处理云南松人工林土壤呼吸速率均呈明显的季节变化,7月最高,2月最低。与CK相比,A1年均土壤呼吸速率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A2显著增加了12.88%(P<0.05),而A3明显减少了17.71%(P<0.05)。3个增水处理均提高了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,减弱了土壤呼吸与土壤湿度的关系。与土壤温度相比,土壤湿度对土壤呼吸的影响相对较小。增水增加了湿季土壤微生物碳、氮含量,干季对微生物碳含量无影响,但明显降低了微生物氮含量。这说明,降水增加对干旱河谷区云南松人工林土壤呼吸的影响是不尽相同的,适当的增水会促进土壤呼吸,而过量的增水会抑制土壤呼吸。展开更多
2014年6月至2015年5月,对四川干旱河谷区云南松(Pinusyunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2) a^(-...2014年6月至2015年5月,对四川干旱河谷区云南松(Pinusyunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))4个处理水平。分别于干、湿季结束取土样,通过室内土壤培养法和氯仿熏蒸法,研究了增加降水对云南松人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明:4个处理云南松人工林土壤有机碳矿化均呈明显的湿季低,干季高的季节特征。土壤培养过程中,A1、A2和A3处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化量较CK有明显升高,到30 d培养结束,各处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化总量大小表现为A2>A3>A1>CK。同时培养期间,4个处理土壤有机碳矿化速率随时间变化呈由高到低的变化趋势,整体速率变化快慢表现为A2>A3>A1>CK。湿季增加降水利于土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)含量升高,但并不随降水量增加而升高,干季增加降水则会导致SMBC含量降低;相关分析显示,湿季土壤有机碳矿化与SMBC含量呈较高的正相关性,干季两者呈相对较低的负相关性。展开更多
据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草...据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草原长达13年的氮、水添加实验平台,于处理第14年开始定向停止氮、水添加处理,探讨了历史氮、水添加在短期(2年)内对土壤理化性质和微生物学特性的遗留效应。结果表明:停止添加两年后,历史氮添加对铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮和速效磷等土壤养分指标的正向遗留效应消失;但对大部分土壤微生物学特性指标仍存在遗留效应,历史15 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1)添加处理微生物生物量碳、土壤呼吸和碱性磷酸单酯酶活性分别降低73.3%、81.9%和70.3%,表明氮输入停止后微生物学指标的恢复比土壤养分指标慢,具有迟滞效应。相关分析和冗余分析表明,氮对微生物学特性的负向遗留效应与对土壤pH的负向遗留效应有关。历史水添加在处理停止两年后,对土壤pH、铵态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮等以及土壤呼吸、酶活性等仍表现出显著的遗留效应,并与氮沉降的遗留效应存在交互作用。研究结果对预测局域环境改善条件下草地生态系统功能和服务变化趋势及揭示退化草地恢复机制具有重要意义。展开更多
Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native commun...Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear.We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities.We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient(CK),N addition(N+),increased precipitation(P+)and N addition plus increased precipitation(P+N+).We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions.P+alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts.N+enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species.P+N+enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts.Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+,P+and P+N+conditions.The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+conditions.These results suggest that P+may magnify the effects of N+on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant,which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.展开更多
An environmentally benign biodegradable chelant,polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA),was used to separate heavy metals from sewage sludge from the Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant,China,based on chemical extraction t...An environmentally benign biodegradable chelant,polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA),was used to separate heavy metals from sewage sludge from the Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant,China,based on chemical extraction technology.The extraction of chromium(Cr) from sewage sludge with an aqueous solution of PESA was studied under various conditions.It was found that the extraction of Cr using PESA was more efficient than that using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS) under similar conditions.PESA was capable of extracting Cr from the sewage sludge,and the extraction efficiency was obviously dependent on both the pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent.The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing pH,and the dependence on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased.The extraction efficiency reached 58% under conditions of pH = 4 and a ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.The extraction efficiency was maintained above 40% within the pH range from 1 to 7 at the high ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.Comparing the contents of heavy metals in the sewage sludge before and after the extraction,it was found that the extracted Cr came mainly from the reducible and oxidizable fractions.展开更多
文摘2013年5月至2014年6月,对干旱河谷区云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2)a^(-1))4个处理水平。采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定每月土壤呼吸速率。结果表明,4个处理云南松人工林土壤呼吸速率均呈明显的季节变化,7月最高,2月最低。与CK相比,A1年均土壤呼吸速率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A2显著增加了12.88%(P<0.05),而A3明显减少了17.71%(P<0.05)。3个增水处理均提高了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,减弱了土壤呼吸与土壤湿度的关系。与土壤温度相比,土壤湿度对土壤呼吸的影响相对较小。增水增加了湿季土壤微生物碳、氮含量,干季对微生物碳含量无影响,但明显降低了微生物氮含量。这说明,降水增加对干旱河谷区云南松人工林土壤呼吸的影响是不尽相同的,适当的增水会促进土壤呼吸,而过量的增水会抑制土壤呼吸。
文摘2014年6月至2015年5月,对四川干旱河谷区云南松(Pinusyunnanensis)人工林进行增加降水试验,试验设置对照(CK,0 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水10%(A1,80 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))、增水20%(A2,160 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))和增水30%(A3,240 mm m^(-2) a^(-1))4个处理水平。分别于干、湿季结束取土样,通过室内土壤培养法和氯仿熏蒸法,研究了增加降水对云南松人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明:4个处理云南松人工林土壤有机碳矿化均呈明显的湿季低,干季高的季节特征。土壤培养过程中,A1、A2和A3处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化量较CK有明显升高,到30 d培养结束,各处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化总量大小表现为A2>A3>A1>CK。同时培养期间,4个处理土壤有机碳矿化速率随时间变化呈由高到低的变化趋势,整体速率变化快慢表现为A2>A3>A1>CK。湿季增加降水利于土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)含量升高,但并不随降水量增加而升高,干季增加降水则会导致SMBC含量降低;相关分析显示,湿季土壤有机碳矿化与SMBC含量呈较高的正相关性,干季两者呈相对较低的负相关性。
文摘据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草原长达13年的氮、水添加实验平台,于处理第14年开始定向停止氮、水添加处理,探讨了历史氮、水添加在短期(2年)内对土壤理化性质和微生物学特性的遗留效应。结果表明:停止添加两年后,历史氮添加对铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮和速效磷等土壤养分指标的正向遗留效应消失;但对大部分土壤微生物学特性指标仍存在遗留效应,历史15 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1)添加处理微生物生物量碳、土壤呼吸和碱性磷酸单酯酶活性分别降低73.3%、81.9%和70.3%,表明氮输入停止后微生物学指标的恢复比土壤养分指标慢,具有迟滞效应。相关分析和冗余分析表明,氮对微生物学特性的负向遗留效应与对土壤pH的负向遗留效应有关。历史水添加在处理停止两年后,对土壤pH、铵态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮等以及土壤呼吸、酶活性等仍表现出显著的遗留效应,并与氮沉降的遗留效应存在交互作用。研究结果对预测局域环境改善条件下草地生态系统功能和服务变化趋势及揭示退化草地恢复机制具有重要意义。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460165,31960282)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2018GXNSFAA281112)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain(19-050-6).
文摘Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear.We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities.We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient(CK),N addition(N+),increased precipitation(P+)and N addition plus increased precipitation(P+N+).We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions.P+alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts.N+enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species.P+N+enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts.Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+,P+and P+N+conditions.The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+conditions.These results suggest that P+may magnify the effects of N+on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant,which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation,China (No. PCRRF09004)the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Fujian Province of China (Nos. JK2011055 and HX200805)
文摘An environmentally benign biodegradable chelant,polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA),was used to separate heavy metals from sewage sludge from the Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant,China,based on chemical extraction technology.The extraction of chromium(Cr) from sewage sludge with an aqueous solution of PESA was studied under various conditions.It was found that the extraction of Cr using PESA was more efficient than that using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS) under similar conditions.PESA was capable of extracting Cr from the sewage sludge,and the extraction efficiency was obviously dependent on both the pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent.The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing pH,and the dependence on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased.The extraction efficiency reached 58% under conditions of pH = 4 and a ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.The extraction efficiency was maintained above 40% within the pH range from 1 to 7 at the high ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.Comparing the contents of heavy metals in the sewage sludge before and after the extraction,it was found that the extracted Cr came mainly from the reducible and oxidizable fractions.
