Micro-scale Al-Zn-Mg/Fe composite powders (MAF) with high reactivity and good storage properties were prepared by reducing iron onto the surface of Al-Zn-Mg alloy powders. Experimental results show that MAF as advance...Micro-scale Al-Zn-Mg/Fe composite powders (MAF) with high reactivity and good storage properties were prepared by reducing iron onto the surface of Al-Zn-Mg alloy powders. Experimental results show that MAF as advanced zero-valent iron are highly effective for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. The efficiency of degradation for carbon tetrachloride and perchloroethylene is higher than 99% within a period of 2 h. The efficiency of degradation for trichloroethylene by MAF after storing for one month is equivalent to that by freshly prepared nano-size zero-valent iron particles.展开更多
The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dyna...The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （LASG/IAP）, in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evalu- ated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley （YRV） during E1 Nifio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley （HRV）, respectively, during La Nifia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during E1 Nifio decaying summers and La Nifia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during E1 Nifio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nifia decaying summers; less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations.展开更多
Viscosity reduction is an important process in mining heavy oil.To predict the temperature variation and viscosity variation of heavy oil in flow direction,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was adopted to simulate the...Viscosity reduction is an important process in mining heavy oil.To predict the temperature variation and viscosity variation of heavy oil in flow direction,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was adopted to simulate the process of heat transfer and flow in this paper.Moreover,an objective function,namely viscosity reduction efficiency,was established to analyze the effect of viscosity reduction.The results indicate that circulating hot water can reduce viscosity significantly,and that the effect of viscosity reduction depends on the inlet temperature and inlet volumetric flow rate of hot water.There is a maximum temperature of heavy oil in flow direction.With the inlet volumetric flow rate of 2.0m3/h and the inlet temperatures of 60,℃,70,℃ and 80,℃,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.6%,96.7% and 97.3%,respectively.With the inlet temperature of 70,℃ and the volumetric flow rates of 1.5m3 /h,2.0 m3/h and 2.5m3/h,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.4%,96.7% and 97.2%,respectively.展开更多
文摘Micro-scale Al-Zn-Mg/Fe composite powders (MAF) with high reactivity and good storage properties were prepared by reducing iron onto the surface of Al-Zn-Mg alloy powders. Experimental results show that MAF as advanced zero-valent iron are highly effective for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. The efficiency of degradation for carbon tetrachloride and perchloroethylene is higher than 99% within a period of 2 h. The efficiency of degradation for trichloroethylene by MAF after storing for one month is equivalent to that by freshly prepared nano-size zero-valent iron particles.
基金supported by the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China(ACCC)Project-Climate Sciencethe Chinese Academy of Science Project under Grant KZCX2-YW-Q11-04
文摘The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （LASG/IAP）, in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evalu- ated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley （YRV） during E1 Nifio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley （HRV）, respectively, during La Nifia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during E1 Nifio decaying summers and La Nifia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during E1 Nifio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nifia decaying summers; less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations.
文摘Viscosity reduction is an important process in mining heavy oil.To predict the temperature variation and viscosity variation of heavy oil in flow direction,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was adopted to simulate the process of heat transfer and flow in this paper.Moreover,an objective function,namely viscosity reduction efficiency,was established to analyze the effect of viscosity reduction.The results indicate that circulating hot water can reduce viscosity significantly,and that the effect of viscosity reduction depends on the inlet temperature and inlet volumetric flow rate of hot water.There is a maximum temperature of heavy oil in flow direction.With the inlet volumetric flow rate of 2.0m3/h and the inlet temperatures of 60,℃,70,℃ and 80,℃,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.6%,96.7% and 97.3%,respectively.With the inlet temperature of 70,℃ and the volumetric flow rates of 1.5m3 /h,2.0 m3/h and 2.5m3/h,viscosity reduction efficiencies are 94.4%,96.7% and 97.2%,respectively.
