糖肾降蛋颗粒配制工艺的研究

目的研究糖肾降蛋颗粒的配制工艺,找出其最优配制工艺条件。方法利用正交实验法优选糖肾降蛋颗粒水提工艺,并考察其成型工艺条件。结果优选的水提工艺为加15倍量水,煎煮3次,每次1 h。选择糊精作为该制剂的成型辅料。将70 g药材制成60 g颗粒。采用湿法制粒后,颗粒需在70~80℃干燥3 h。该颗粒具有吸湿性,需密封并将其置于干燥处。结论经验证,此配制工艺方法合理可行,并且具有可操作性。

分析糖肾降蛋方颗粒剂与汤剂治疗糖尿病肾病的有效作用

目的评价糖肾降蛋方颗粒剂与汤剂治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法在2018年8月-2020年8月选择70例糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,以随机单双号法将其进行分组,设置对比组(n=35,糖肾降蛋方颗粒剂)、研究组(n=35,糖肾降蛋方汤剂),比较临床效果。结果研究组综合有效率为91.43%,对比组为85.72%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前,两组各项症状积分、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组均改善,组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病临床治疗中,应用糖肾降蛋方颗粒剂与汤剂均可获得良好治疗效果,汤剂药理特性发挥更大,但颗粒具有携带方便优势,在实际治疗过程中可根据实际需求选择。

低致病性禽流感所致产蛋下降的中药防治效果

低致病性禽流感不仅导致蛋鸡产蛋性能下降而且长时间难以恢复,已严重威胁蛋鸡养殖业健康发展。因此,研制恢复低致病性流感病后产蛋的有效中兽药,对蛋鸡养殖具有十分重要的意义。试验选用低致病性禽流感H9N2病愈后,产蛋不能回复的鸡群,连续7d在饲料中以日粮的1.0%添加中药复方(暂定名为红花益母增蛋散),观察其恢复产蛋性能的效果。试验随机分为3个处理,即红花益母增蛋散组、药物对照组和空白对照组。结果,红花益母增蛋散组平均净增产蛋率比空白对照组的平均净增产蛋率提高10.6%,差异显著(P<0.05)、比药物对照组的提高7.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);红花益母增蛋散组破、软蛋分别比药物对照组和空白对照组的降低66.7%和71.4%。试验结果,红花益母增蛋散防治禽流感所致的降蛋,具有良好的效果。

“卵巢康”治疗“病理性降蛋”的效果

蛋鸡病后生产性能下降而且长时间难以恢复,已严重威胁蛋鸡养殖业健康发展。研制病后产蛋下降的有效中兽药,对减少蛋鸡养殖中"病理性降蛋"大有裨益。试验选用低致病性禽流感H9N2病愈后,产蛋不能回复的鸡群,连续7d在饲料中以日粮的1.0%添加"卵巢康",观察其恢复产蛋性能的效果。试验随机分为3个处理,即"卵巢康"组、药物对照组和空白对照组。结果,试验组平均净增产蛋率比空白对照组的平均净增产蛋率提高10.6%,差异显著(P<0.05)、比药物对照组的提高7.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验组破、软蛋分别比药物对照组和空白对照组的降低66.7%和71.4%。试验组的平均蛋重分别比药物对照组和空白对照组的增加1.1g和1.5g。试验证明"卵巢康"对防治"病理性降蛋"具有良好效果。

产蛋下降综合症油佐剂苗的研制及免疫试验

以司本80和硬脂酸铝与白油制成油相,EDS_(75)病毒尿囊液内加入吐温80制成水相,两者按一定比例制成油佐剂苗。将研制的3种不同抗原浓度的疫苗,同国内两个生产单位的EDS_((?))油佐剂疫苗,苏威和意大利生产的EDS_(76)油佐剂苗,平行免疫同一鸡舍中的七组鸡群。免疫后以HI监测EDS_(75)抗体产生规律及高峰值与免疫持续期等。监测结果表明我们研制的两批苗与国内及国外的同类油剂效果一致。

降胆增蛋灵作蛋鸡饲料添加剂的研究

降胆增蛋灵作蛋鸡饲料添加剂的研究温伟业郑明学樊喜娥吴国清（山西农业大学）柴桂珍（山西省兽药监察所）张小明（山西省粮油研究所）随着人类生活水平不断提高，人类对鸡蛋的需求量迅速增多，同时对其质量要求也越来越高。目前，鸡蛋中胆固醇及兽药残留含量高，给人类的...

Isolation,Screening and Primary Identification of a Keratin-degrading Fungus

[Objective] The paper was to provide new germplasm sources for efficient and economical degradation and utilization of animal keratin.[Method] The keratin-degrading fungus was isolated,screened and primarily identified by using the combination method of traditional isolation and screening,solid culture-medium degradation and animal test.[Result] A strain of non-pathogenic filamentous fungi with high degradation efficiency was obtained,which was preliminarily identified to be a species in Mucoraceae.[Conclusion] The discovery of the strain enriched the family members of keratin-degrading fungus,and provided new germplasm resources for degradation and utilization of animal keratin.

Keratinase production and keratin degradation by a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis

A new feather-degrading bacterium was isolated from a local feather waste site and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological, physiochemical, and phylogenetic characteristics. Screening for mutants with elevated keratinolytic activity using N-methyl-N＇-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis resulted in a mutant strain KD-N2 producing keratinolytic activity about 2.5 times that of the wild-type strain. The mutant strain produced inducible keratinase in different substrates of feathers, hair, wool and silk under submerged cultivation. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the degradation of feathers, hair and silk by the keratinase. The optimal conditions for keratinase production include initial pH of 7.5, inoculum size of 2% （v/v）, age of inoculum of 16 h, and cultivation at 23 ℃. The maximum keratinolytic activity of KD-N2 was achieved after 30 h. Essential amino acids like threonine, valine, methionine as well as ammonia were produced when feathers were used as substrates. Strain KD-N2, therefore, shows great promise of finding potential applications in keratin hydrolysis and keratinase production.

Isolation and Identification of a Bacterium from Marine Shrimp Digestive Tract:A New Degrader of Starch and Protein

It is a practical approach to select candidate probiotic bacterial stains on the basis of their special traits. Production of digestive enzyme was used as a trait to select a candidate probiotic bacterial strain in this study. In order to select a bacterium with the ability to degrade both starch and protein, an ideal bacterial strain STE was isolated from marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) intestines by using multiple selective media.The selected isolate STE was identified on the basis of its morphological, physiological,and biochemical characteristics as well as molecular analyses. Results of degradation experiments confirmed the ability of the selected isolate to degrade both starch and casein. The isolate STE was aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and non-spore-forming, and had catalase and oxidase activities but no glucose fermentation activity. Among the tested carbon/nitrogen sources, only Tween40, alanyl-glycine, aspartyl-glycine, and glycyl-l-glutamic acid were utilized by the isolate STE. Results of homology comparison analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences showed that the isolate STE had a high similarity to several Pseudoalteromonas species and, in the phylogenetic tree, grouped with P. ruthenica with maximum bootstrap support (100%). In conclusion, the isolate STE was characterized as a novel strain belonging to the genus Pseudoalteromonas.This study provides a further example of a probiotic bacterial strain with specific characteristics isolated from the host gastrointestinal tract.

Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Epidemiological studies have provided overwhelming evidence for a causal role of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the pathogenesis of HBV infection and carcinogenesis of HBV-associated HCC are still elusive.This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis.The role of HBV in tumor formation appears to be complex,and may involve both direct and indirect mechanisms.Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome occurs at early steps of clonal tumor expansion,and it has been shown to enhance the host chromosomal instability,leading to large inverted duplications,deletions and chromosomal translocations.It has been shown that the rate of chromosomal alterations is increased significantly in HBV-related tumors.Prolonged expression of the viral regulatory HBV x protein may contribute to regulating cellular transcription,protein degradation,proliferation,and apoptotic signaling pathways,and it plays a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The Life of a Protein Molecule——Protein Quality Control

The research progress in molecular chaperones, unfolded protein response （UPR） and ER-associated degradation （ERAD） involved in the protein quality control was summarized in this paper, and then the existing problems and the future devel- opment prospect were also discussed. It was pointed out that the life process of protein experienced four stages including synthesizing, folding, assembling and degradation, while each stage required strict quality control. In endoplasmic reticulum （ER）, a variety of proteins had been synthesized, folded and modified to form func- tional proteins with certain conformation. When the folding was blocked in ER, the unfolded proteins would aggregate and induce the UPR, which up-regulated the level of modification enzymes folded by a series of molecular chaperones and proteins to help them accomplish folding and assembling. If these proteins were still folded incorrectly, they would enter into ERAD for being degraded.

Effects of continuous intermedin infusion on blood pressure and hemodynamic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective To examine the effects of exogenously administered intermedin （IMD,adrenomedullin-2） on arterial blood pressure,cardiac function and the cardiovascular IMD receptor system in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） as well as to investigate the associated mechanisms.Methods Thirteen week-old male rats were divided in Wistar Kyoto （WKY） group （n =12）,SHR group （n =12）,IMD group （SHRs infused with IMD 1-47 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）,and ADM group （SHRs infused with adrenomedullin 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）.Results A two-week continuous administration of low dose IMD 1-47 via mini-osmotic pumps markedly reduced blood pressure,the maximal rates of increase and decrease of left-ventricle pressure development （LV ± dp/dtmax）,left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate in SHRs.Furthermore,IMD also inhibited protein over-expression of cardiovascular IMD receptors,myocardial Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins （RAMP1 and RAMP2）,aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3,and calcitonin receptor-like receptor （CRLR）;suppressed up-regulation of aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3 and CRLR gene expression; and markedly elevated the mRNA abundance of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and myocardial brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）.Additionally,IMD 1-47 administration in SHRs increased aortic cAMP concentration and reduced myocardial cAMP concentration.Conclusion These findings support the speculation that IMD,as a cardiovascular active peptide,is involved in blood pressure reduction and cardiac function amelioration during hypertension.The mechanism underlying this effect may involve IMD binding of a receptor complex formed by RAMPs and CRLR,and consequential regulation of cAMP levels and other cardiovascular active factors,such as ANP and BNP.

AProteinase Responsible for Degrading Yolk Proteins in Tussah（Antheraea pernyi）

A proteinase responsible for degradation of yolk proteins has been discovered in oocyte of Antheraea pernyi which was found to found to hydrolyze vitelluin effectively in acidic pH. Using bovine hemoglobin as substrate,the optimum pH was determine3d at 3.5.Unaffected by EDTA and DipF, the activity of the proteinase was strongly inhibited by E64 and other thiol blocking reagents. It is thus very likely to be a cysteine proteinase. Activity of the proteinas. was found to be increasing in developing oocyte.

Effect of Raw Material for Distillers Grains Production on Protein Quality for Ruminants

The present experiment was focused on quality of dry distillers＇ grains with solubles （DDGS） produced from corn （DDGSc）, wheat （DDGSw）, triticale （DDGSt）, and wet distillers grains from corn （WDGc） for ruminants. The products were tested for dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fibre （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF） acid detergent insoluble nitrogen （NIAD）, amino acid （AA） profile, CP degradability and intestinal digestibility （ID） of rumen undegraded protein （RUP）. The average content of CP （g/kg DM） ranged from 289.9 （DDGSc） to 356.9 （DDGSw）. The highest content of essential AA was in WDGc （440.1 g/160g N） followed with DDGSc. The most variable was the content of Lys in DDGSw （from 13.69 to 22.79 g/160 g N）. The NIAD was found the highest for DDGSw （from 16.8% to 36.2%）, effective CP degradability was only 50.2% and ID of RUP 82.2%, total essential AA 81.2%, Lys 77.69% and Met 81.4%. Lys was generally the least digestible AA. The ruminally degradable CP fraction was in the range from 52.6% to 70.2% for DDGSc. ID of total and essential by-pass AA was very high 96.2% and 96.1%, Lysine 90.9% and Methionine 96.7%. From these data it can be concluded that DDGS from grains are a good source of protein for ruminants.

Gradient decrease in telomerase and its RNA in progressive passage of human endometrial stromal stem cells

The purpose of this study was to explore the change of telomerase in passage from human endometrial stromal stem cells isolated from human endometrium.Telomerase activity of cultured endometrial stromal cells was assessed at mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry technique.Telomerase mRNA and protein levels were higher at early passages,and then had a gradually decreased trend of immunoreactive intensity and gradually weakened positive cells with progressive passage in endometrial stromal stem cells.These results suggest that telomerase is contributed to the insenecence of endometrial stem cell.

CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMANUBIQUITIN BINDING ENZYME 2 cDNA

To clone and identify the gene encoding human ubiquitin binding enzym e 2 and study its expression pattern. Methods. According to the sequence of human EST, which is highly homologous to t he mouse ubiquitin binding/conjugating enzyme (E2), primers were synthesized to screen the human fetal brain cDNA library. The gene was analyzed by bioinformati cs technique and its expression pattern was studied by using multiple tissue No rthern blot. Results. Two cDNA clones encoding human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme have been i solated and identified. Both containing the ubiquitin conjugating domain, the 2 cDNA clones are 88% identical in amino acid sequences and splicing isoforms to each other only with an exon excised to form the short sequence. They belong to a highly conserved and widely expressed E2 enzyme family. Northern blot shows th at they are expressed exclusively in adult human heart, placenta, and pancreas b ut no transcripts can be detected in brain, lung, liver, skeletal muscle or kidn ey. Conclusions. The gene encoding human ubiquitin binding enzyme is expressed under temporal control. As a key enzyme in the degradation of proteins, ubiquitin con jugating enzymes play a central role in the expression regulation on the level o f post translation.

Commercial Application of the MIP-CGP Technology for Olefin Reduction in FCC Unit

The refinery of Yanshan Petrochemical Company has twice retrofitted a 2.0-Mt/a RFCC unit with the MIP-CGP technology aimed at maximization of isoparaffins/clean gasoline and increased output of propylene. By modifying the riser reactor with addition of the second reaction zone coupled with an added external catalyst cooler outside the regenerator and adoption of the CGP catalyst to control the cracking depth the refiners have realized the target of reducing olefin content in gasoline and increasing the yield of LPG. The results of retrofitting the RFCC unit have revealed that after revamp of FCC unit the yield of LPG was increased by 7.31%, the conversion rate was increased by 9.06%, and the total liquid yield was decreased by 0.3%. After revamp of the RFCC unit the olefin content in gasoline was reduced by 19.5 v%, and the RON rating of gasoline was increased by 0.7 units to meet the demand of Beijing municipality for manufacture of the Olympic clean gasoline.

Activation of Prophenol Oxidase PHOX-S with Limited Proteolysis in Drosophila Melanogaster

Prophenol oxidase isoform A1 was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster （The sequence has been deposited in GenBank data base under accession number AB557586） PHOX-S strain, and its characteristics and activation mechanism were determined. The NH2-terminal region of PHOX-S A1 was determined to be comprised of 15 amino acids with the following sequence MTNMKMKMKAMMR. Comparison of an alignment in the known prophenol oxidase protein sequences from Drosophila melanogaster strains showed high homology in the copper-binding sequences at the Cu （A） site of the active center. Limited proteolysis takes place between Arg-50 and Val-51. Therefore, it is concluded that prophenol oxidase PHOX-S protein was evolved at the upstream, but no evolved at the central site in Drosophila melanogaster.

A Polysaccharide-Degrading Marine Bacterium Flammeovirga sp.MY04 and Its Extracellular Agarase System

Bacteria of the genus Flammeovirga can digest complex polysaccharides (CPs), but no details have been reported regarding the CP depolymerases of these bacteria. MY04, an agarolytic marine bacterium isolated from coastal sediments, has been identified as a new member of the genus Flammeovirga. The MY04 strain is able to utilize multiple CPs as a sole carbon source and grows well on agarose, mannan, or xylan. This strain produces high concentrations of extracellular proteins (490 mg L-1 ± 18.2 mg L-1 liquid culture) that exhibit efficient and extensive degradation activities on various polysaccharides, especially agarose. These proteins have an activity of 310 U mg-1 ± 9.6 U mg-1 proteins. The extracellular agarase system (EAS) in the crude extracellular enzymes contains at least four agarose depolymerases, which are with molecular masses of approximately 30-70 kDa. The EAS is stable at a wide range of pH values (6.0-11.0), temperatures (0-50℃), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0- 0.9 mol L-1). Two major degradation products generated from agarose by the EAS are identified to be neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose, suggesting that β-agarases are the major constituents of the MY04 EAS. These results suggest that the Flammeovirga strain MY04 and its polysac-charide-degradation system hold great promise in industrial applications.