苜蓿干草粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃pH和瘤胃内养分降解动力学的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿干草粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃pH和瘤胃内养分降解动力学的影响。以4只体重为(40.0±2.2)kg安装瘤胃瘘管的成年山羊为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方设计,饲喂4种不同苜蓿干草粒度的饲粮。结果表明,增加苜蓿干草粒度,改变了饲粮的颗粒分布,提高了饲粮的物理有效纤维含量,提高了瘤胃平均pH,并使pH低于6.0和5.6的持续时间分别降低了13.8和3.2h/d,但降低了干物质采食量。随着苜蓿干草粒度的增加,苜蓿干草中性洗涤纤维在瘤胃内的有效降解率由22.61%线性增加至27.74%。饲喂过短的苜蓿干草,趋向于提高精料干物质在瘤胃内的降解速率和有效降解率(P<0.10)。结果表明,增加苜蓿干草粒度,能够改善瘤胃pH,缓解亚瘤胃酸中毒,提高纤维有效利用率,但过大会降低干物质采食量。

生物基聚酰胺56纤维的热降解动力学及其热解产物

生物基聚酰胺56(PA56)纤维是由生物基1,5-戊二胺和石油基1,6-己二酸聚合制备而成的新型生物基材料。为探究生物基PA56纤维的热稳定性,分别在氮气氛围中测定其在不同升温速率下的热降解过程,并计算其热降解动力学参数,同时分析了生物基PA56纤维在热降解过程中的主要热降解气相产物。结果表明:生物基PA56纤维的热失重曲线及热降解动力学参数对升温速率具有显著依赖性,采用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法和Coasts-Redfern法获得的生物基PA56纤维的活化能分别为235.00、217.23和232.18 kJ/mol,可推测其热降解机制为F1型,热降解过程中产生的主要气相产物为CO_(2)、环戊酮和1,5-戊二胺。

Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Degradation of Polymers

The derivative expressions between activation energy (E) and the temperature at the maximum mass loss rate(Tmax) and between activation energy (E) and exponent (N) were deduced in the light of Arrhenius theory. It was found that the increase of activation energy results in the decrease of exponent and the increase of Tmax. The kinetic parameters were involved in the analysis of the thermal degradation of several polymers. The degradation kinetics of these polymers well complied with the prediction of the derivative expressions for the polymer degradation with single mechanism dominated.