玉屏风口服液多糖特征降解谱的建立和应用

建立了玉屏风口服液多糖(YPF-P)的特征降解谱,并基于此完善该制剂的质量控制,通过体积分数70%乙醇溶液沉淀得到YPF-P,同时去除口服液中的辅料蔗糖.优化的YPF-P部分降解条件为0.5 mol/L盐酸溶液,温度80℃,时间4 h,随后采用毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)对经过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生后的YPF-P部分降解产物进行测定.CZE条件为未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(50 cm×50μm i.d.,有效长度41 cm),运行缓冲液40 mmol/L硼砂缓冲液(pH 10.1),检测波长245 nm,运行电压10 kV,重力进样15 cm×20 s,柱温为室温.根据L 9(34)正交设计组合不同来源的玉屏风处方药材,制备9份玉屏风模拟样品,采用中位数法综合各特征降解谱得到YPF-P特征降解谱对照谱图,并对不同批次样品YPF-P特征降解谱进行聚类分析.结果表明:不同来源和组合的YPF-P特征降解谱差异显著,证明多糖特征降解谱可用于YPF-P成分的分析,也可为其他中药复方制剂多糖成分质量控制的深入研究提供参考.

南疆梨园有机磷降解菌的分离及其降解谱研究

以新疆南疆长期使用有机磷农药的果园土壤为研究对象,分离其中能够完全降解氧化乐果有效成分的细菌,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定,并对其降解有机磷农药的降解谱和降解能力进行了分析。结果表明:试验共分离得到3株能够完全降解氧化乐果有效成分的细菌,这3株菌株分别为假单孢菌、芽孢杆菌和土壤杆菌;不同菌株对有机磷农药的降解谱存在差异,其中假单孢菌DYY-3的降解能力较其它2株菌高。该研究结果为今后关于菌株复配制剂及其田间应用奠定了良好的基础。

布洛芬降解菌降解谱研究

以从西安污水处理厂筛选所得的3株布洛芬降解菌株I2(解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌)、I4(假单胞菌)和I14(不动杆菌)为研究对象,探索其生长特性及对布洛芬同系物降解的广谱性.结果表明,3株菌对7种选定的布洛芬同系物均有降解作用,但降解能力表现出一定的差异.I2、I4菌株的降解能力优于I14菌株,对7种布洛芬同系物的最高耐受浓度均在300 mg·L-1以上.3株降解菌都对布洛芬同系物中的间苯二酚有良好的耐受能力,最高耐受浓度均在1000 mg·L-1以上,I2菌株甚至达到2500 mg·L-1;3株降解菌对于邻苯二酚、对苯二酚的耐受程度最差,其中,I14菌株在对苯二酚达到100 mg·L-1时就会死亡.I2、I4菌株可作为布洛芬及其同系物降解的优良备选菌株,用于进一步研究多重污染治理的方式.

氯氰菊酯降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解底物谱研究

采用富集培养法,从长期受氯氰菊酯农药污染的果园土壤中,分离筛选得到1株可降解氯氰菊酯的菌株N-02。经形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为点状气单胞菌(Aeromonas punctata)。菌株N-02在35℃、pH 7.5、氯氰菊酯质量浓度为20 mg/L的LB培养基中培养96 h,对氯氰菊酯的降解率达到62.31%。该菌株N-02对拟除虫菊酯的降解谱较宽,培养96 h对20 mg/L高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯降解率分别达到40.17%、33.26%和30.45%。

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯高效降解菌H-2的分离鉴定及其降解特性

为了获得高效广谱的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)降解菌,本研究从长期受食品塑料垃圾污染的土壤中通过富集培养和分离纯化,获得一株DBP高效降解菌,命名为H-2。根据菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rRNA序列分析,将其鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.)。运用高效液相色谱法分析了菌株H-2对DBP的降解特性及对邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的广谱性降解情况。结果表明:菌株H-2降解DBP的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为7.0;在此最适条件下,菌株H-2在3 d内对100 mg/L DBP的降解率高达87.6%。菌株H-2能高效降解短链邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和DBP,而对长链邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的降解效果较差。

孔雀石绿高效脱色菌的鉴定及降解特性研究

从某印染厂下水道污泥中分离出一株能高效降解孔雀石绿的细菌KL-1,根据形态学特征及16S rDNA基因序列相似性结果分析,初步鉴定其为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。该菌株可以以孔雀石绿作为唯一氮源进行脱色。在LB培养基中,培养6 h后对100 mg/L的孔雀石绿的降解率可达100%;当浓度为400 mg/L时,6h对孔雀石绿的降解率仍达到50%以上。该菌株降解孔雀石绿最适温度为30℃,适宜的pH范围较广,pH7.0-14.0均能使100 mg/L的孔雀石绿有效降解。液气比越小,菌株的脱色效果越好。KL-1降解孔雀石绿的酶主要位于细胞外,属于组成型表达酶。同时,该菌株有较为广泛的降解谱,5 d内能使20 mg/L的染料甲基红、酸性大红G、结晶紫、维多利亚蓝的降解率达到90%以上。

一株芴降解菌的分离鉴定及其对多环芳烃的降解广谱性研究

从某焦化厂活性污泥中筛选出一株芴的优势降解菌株W-1,经形态学观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA基因序列分析,确定W-1为粪产碱杆菌。在接种量10%(V/V),初始芴浓度40 mg/L,pH7.0,温度30℃的条件下,接种培养11 d后,菌株W-1对芴的降解效率达到87.8%。菌株W-1对多环芳烃的降解具有广谱性,在分别含有20 mg/L的屈艹(chrysene)、芘、蒽和菲的培养体系中,该菌对屈艹、芘、蒽和菲的降解效率分别可达95.5%、71%、85.7%和80%。研究结果表明,该菌可作为修复多环芳烃复合污染环境的优良微生物资源。

Processing of Aniline Aerofloat Wastewater with SBR System and Its Biodegradation Mechanism

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the biodegradation effect and biodegradation mechanism of aniline aerofloat wastewater. MethodSmall-scale processing of simulated aniline aerofloat wastewater was carried out with SBR （Sequencing Batch Reactor） system; intermediate products in the process were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultAccording to the experimental results, the small-scale process was basically stably operated after 40 days of activation and regulation, leading to relatively ideal degradation effect on aniline aerofloat, the COD removal efficiency reached 64.3% , degradation rate of aniline aerofloat reached 93.4%, which could be applied in the treatment of mine flotation wastewater containing such pollutant. During the degradation process, pH increased from 5.83 to 6.60 and then dropped to 6.17, which might be caused by the thiocyanate ions and aniline generated in the degradation process. Aniline aerofloat mainly produced two preliminary products during the biodegradation process： aniline and a substance that was difficult to be biodegraded under aerobic conditions, which was the main reason for the relatively high COD value in effluent. Furthermore, aniline was eventually biodegraded. ConclusionThis study provided basis for the development of biological treatment of flotation wastewater in China and showed great significance for the improvement of ecological environment around the mines.

Pyrolysis of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate(PTT) Fiber by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy

Pyrolysis of polytrimethylene terephthalate(PTT) fiber has been investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy in the temperature range from 400℃ to 750℃ in order to observe the possible effect of the temperature on its composition of pyrolysates.At 400℃,pyrolysis of molecular chain could occur,only 13 pyrolysates could be identified.The trimethylene moieties bound to the macromolecular core by ester bonds are cleaved at around 400℃.At 550℃-750℃,pyrolysis of molecular chain could completely take place,46 pyrolysates could be found.As the temperature increases,the compositions of pyrolysate are distinctly increased.Several compounds,especially benzoic acid,monopropenyl-p-phthalate,2-propenyl benzoate,di-2-propenyl ester,1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid,benzene,1,5-hexadiene,biphenyl and 1,3-propanediol dibenzoate could be formed.The thermal degradation mechanism,which is determined by structure and amount of the thermal decomposition products,are described.During pyrolysis of polytrimethylene terephthalate,polymeric chain scissions take place a peeling reaction as a successive removal of the dimer units from the polymeric chain.The chain scissions are followed by the elimination reaction,linkage action and secondary reactions,which bring about a variety fragment.

木糖氧化无色杆菌及混合菌群对多环芳烃的降解特性

采用木糖氧化无色杆菌及混合菌降解水中多环芳烃。考察了木糖氧化无色杆菌的降解广谱性及其对多环芳烃混合底物的降解,特别考察了混合菌对具有弱致癌性的■(Chrysene)的降解特性。结果表明,木糖氧化无色杆菌具有较宽的降解谱,对多环芳烃混合底物具有良好降解特性。当蒽、菲、芘和■4种PAHs共存时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对蒽、菲、芘和■的降解效率分别达83%、66%、85%和80%。与单一木糖氧化无色杆菌相比,混合菌对的降解效率较高。尖镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌、茄镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌和3株菌同时共存时,■的降解效率分别达87%、88%和86%。

Citrobacter sp.LW-3对偶氮染料甲基橙的降解脱色特性研究

从长期受染料污染的土壤中分离出一株能对甲基橙高效降解脱色的柠檬酸盐杆菌Citrobacter sp.LW-3.菌株LW-3在添加了0.5%(g/100 mL)葡萄糖的MSM-1培养基中,16 h使100 mg·L-1甲基橙降解掉90.56%.该菌株对甲基橙降解脱色可在完全好氧条件下,脱色与木质素过氧化物酶、NADH-DCIP原酶、核黄素还原酶有关.菌株LW-3降解甲基橙的适宜温度较广,20~40℃24 h均能使超过80%的甲基橙降解脱色,适宜pH范围为6.0~8.0.通气量对菌株LW-3影响较小,24 h各装液量组(25~200 mL)甲基橙均能降解近90%.同时,菌株LW-3具有较广的染料降解谱,3 d内可使20 mg·L-1另3种偶氮染料、两种三苯甲烷类染料和一种蒽醌类染料很好脱色.菌株LW-3在染料废水的生物处理方面有较强的实际应用价值.

Preparation and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 Microspheres

Tetraphenyl-porphyrin iron （FeTPP） was chosen to sensitize Cr doped TiO2 （Cr-TiO2） nanoparticles, a novel multimodified photocatalyst FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 with excellent visible- light photocatalytic activity was successfully synthesized. The FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 was evaluated by degradations of methylene blue in aqueous solution under irradiation with Xe lamp （150 W）. The results showed that the FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 multimodified photocatalyst was anatase phase with high specific surface area （74.7 m^2/g）, and exhibited higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency than Cr-TiO2 and FeTPP-TiO2. The photocatalytic degradations of three quinolone antibiotics （lomefioxacin, norfioxacin, and ofioxacin） were further estimated for the feasibility of practical application of catalyst in wastewater treatment. It is desirable that photodegradation of antibiotics with FeTPP-Cr-TiO2 achieved pretty high degradation rates and all followed the pseudo first-order reaction model, and the rate constants k of 3.02×10^-2, 2.81×10^-2, and 3.86×10^-2 min-1 and the half-lifes t1/2 of 22.9, 24.6, and 17.9 min were achieved respectively.

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.

In situ Investigations of Interfacial Degradation and Ion Migration at CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite/Ag Interfaces

Interfacial properties between perovskite layers and metal electrodes play a crucial role in the device performance and the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells.Here,we report a comprehensive study of the interfacial degradation and ion migration at the interface between CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer and Ag electrode.Using in situ photoemission spectroscopy measurements,we found that the Ag electrode could induce the degradation of perovskite layers,leading to the formation of PbI2 and AgI species and the reduction of Pb^2+ions to metallic Pb species at the interface.The unconventional enhancement of the intensities of I 3d spectra provides direct experimental evidences for the migration of iodide ions from CH3NH3PbI3 subsurface to Ag electrode.Moreover,the contact of Ag electrode and perovskite layers induces an interfacial dipole of 0.3 eV at CH3NH3PbI3/Ag interfaces,which may further facilitate iodide ion diffusion,resulting in the decomposition of perovskite layers and the corrosion of Ag electrode.

Research on Pesticide Residues of Cypermethrin in Lettuce

In order to find the effective method to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables, and promote the healthy development of vegetable industry. The paper used chlorothalonil, fenvalerate, dimethoate widely used pesticides as experimental material, using GC method to measure residual dynamics of vegetable pesticide. The results show that： fenvalerate, dimethoate, chlorothalonil pesticide residues in lettuce was higher than that tomato in the application day, respectively reach at 42.9%, 44.9%, 57.8%, pesticide degradation rate in open land were significantly higher than those in greenhouse within 5-20 days. The test showed that： the degradation of pesticide amount is in 8.77%r-19.64% within 1 days. The initial concentration of pesticides on vegetables are relevant with surface area of vegetable edible parts; the degradation speed of pesticide degradation rate in greenhouse vegetable is obviously slower than the open field vegetable; pesticide deposition phenomenon is an important factor affecting the pesticide residues in greenhouse.

Infrared Spectroscopy for Studying Foods and Biodegradable Packaging

The results of study of foods and biodegradable film structure with the use of infrared spectroscopy （IR spectra） are presented. For the first time detailed decodings of IR spectra of some foods and biodegradable film packaging materials are shown. Interpretation of the spectra of basic biopolymers of foods and biodegradable films is given. It is corroborated with the help of IR spectra that the chemical reactions in biopolymers when heated to 130 ~C do not occur, which makes it possible to use biologically valuable raw materials. Furthermore, the expediency of use of IR spectroscopy for studying changes in foods and films produced on biopolymer base is established. IR spectroscopy is a fast method that allows you to monitor changes that occur with the raw materials in the technological process. Previously, IR spectroscopy was used to identify the compounds in chemical synthesis. This study shows that IR spectra can be used for study of foods and biodegradable film structure.

One step synthesis and characterization of copper doped sulfated titania and its enhanced photocatalytic activity in visible light by degradation of methyl orange

This paper reports on the synthesis of copper doped sulfated titania nano-crystalline powders with varying （2.0%-10.0%, by mass） by single step sol gel method. The synthesized photo catalyst has been characterized by employing various techniques like X-ray Diffraction （XRD）, Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （EDS）, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies （FT-IR）, and Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）. From the XRD and TEM results, all the samples were reported in anatase phase with reduction in particle size in the range of 7 to 12 nm. SEM indicated the change in morphology of the particles. The presence of copper in titania lattice was evidenced by XPS. From UV-Vis DRS and FT-IR studies indicated that prominent absorption shift is observed towards visible region （red shift）, the entry ofCu2 ＋ into Ti02 lattice as a substitution- al dopant and S042- ions were covalently bonded with Ti4＋ on the surface of the copper doped titania respectively. The photocatalytic activity studies were investigated by considering methyl orange （MO） as dye pollutant in the presence of the visible light. The effect of various parameters like effect of dosage of the catalyst, dopant concentration, pH of the solution, and concentration of the dye was studied in detail.

Photochemical Degradation of Phenols in Water Using Flavin-based Photosensitizers

A slightly modified method for 10-ethyl flavin was developed in the present study. The synthetic product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry, and used to catalyze the photocatalytic degradation of phenol, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, p-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-methoxyphenol, 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid and2, 4, 5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid. Both HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) and GC-MS data suggested that all phenols were degraded in the presence of either flavin at micromolar concentrations under direct sun light. A rapid breakdown of the phenols was observed. The degradation efficiency was clearly dependent on phenol type. In a decreasing order of degradation efficiency over a 2-h period, the phenols were 4-chlorophenol and 4-methoxyphenol(-80%) > phenoxyacetic acids(60%-65%) > nitrophenol and phenol(-35%).

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation of Moss Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Macromitrium sp. in Sri Lanka

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, which are the major by-products of fossil fuel burning, are released to the environment with the immense growth of urbanization and industrialization. These pollutants are subsequently deposited on many substrates including plant surfaces. Due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and recalcitrant nature, they can result in many hazardous effects on human health. Application of endophytes in bioremediation has shown much promise in removing these PAHs from contaminated substrates. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the moss plant Macromitrium sp. （frequently available） in Sapugaskanda （highly polluted） and HettimuUa （less polluted） areas in Sri Lanka. Subsequently, their potential in degrading PAHs （naphthalene and phenanthrene） was investigated. Endophytes from the moss were isolated following the surface sterilization method, and their physiological roles in degrading naphthalene and phenanthrene were carried out using plate assays, spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） analysis. Most of the endophytie fungi isolated from Macromitrium sp. were able to grow in Bacto Bushnell-Haas （BBH） medium incorporated with naphthalene and phenanthrene, separately, displaying colony diameters more than 30 mm. As per the results obtained from spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis, Penicillium oxalicum, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, A. aculeatus, Penicillium sp.1, Penicillium sp.5, Eupenicillium sp.2 and Mortierella sp.1 degraded both naphthalene and phenanthrene more than 85%. The fmdings of the present investigation provide some insight into how these endophytic fungi could be used for bioremediation of PAHs in environmental sites where contamination prevails, and also open avenues for future research in the relevant field.

Study on Weathering Behavior of Jack Pine Heat-Treated under Different Conditions

It is of considerable importance to investigate the influence of weathering on the degradation processes of heat-treated wood. Kiln-dried （untreated）jack pine （Pinus banksiana） and jack pine heat-treated at three different temperatures （190 ℃, 200 ℃, and 210 ℃） were exposed to artificial weathering for different periods in order to understand the degradation processes due to weathering. Before and after exposure, their color and wettability by water were determined. Structural changes and chemical modifications at exposed surfaces were also investigated using SEM （scanning electron spectroscopy）, FTIR （Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy）, and XPS （X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy）. The results revealed that the photo-degradation of lignin and the presence of extractives play important roles in color change and wetting behavior of heat-treated wood surfaces during weathering. The structural changes also influence the wettability. The effects of weathering for woods heat-treated under different conditions were similar, but different from those for untreated wood.