降香商品药材的质量评价

【目的】对目前市场和临床使用的降香商品药材的质量进行分析和评价。【方法】按照《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版降香项下的方法,对18批降香商品药材进行性状鉴别、薄层鉴别和挥发油含量测定;建立可见分光光度法测定合格药材的总黄酮含量;建立气相色谱法测定合格药材的挥发油中橙花叔醇的含量。【结果】多批降香药材质量达不到药典标准,样品合格率仅为33.3%;合格药材的总黄酮含量在21.6~29.0 mg/g;合格药材的挥发油中橙花叔醇的含量范围是294~574 mg/g。【结论】目前市场和临床使用的降香商品药材品质参差不齐,混伪现象较严重,不同批次的样品指标成分含量差异显著。

Supported noble metal nanoparticles as photo/sono-catalysts for synthesis of chemicals and degradation of pollutants

This review summarizes the utilization of supported noble metal nanoparticles (such as Au/TiO2, Au/ZrO2, Ag/AgCl) as efficient photo/sono-catalysts for the selective synthesis of chemicals and degradation of environmental pollutants. Supported noble metal nanoparticles could efficiently catalyze the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. Under UV/visible light irradiation, important chemical transformations such as the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds, the oxidation of thiol to disulfide, the oxidation of benzene to phenol, and the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to form aromatic azo compounds, are effectively achieved by supported noble metal nanoparticles. Under ultrasound irradiation, supported noble metal nanoparticles could efficiently catalyze the production of hydrogen from water. Moreover, various pollutants, including aldehydes, alcohols, acids, phenolic compounds, and dyes, can be effectively decomposed over supported noble metal nanoparticles under UV/visible light irradiation. Under ultrasound irradiation, pollutant molecules can also be completely degraded with supported noble metal nanoparticles as catalysts.