唐钢4号高炉限煤生产实践

高炉制粉设备停机检修是高炉生产必须面对的问题.通过观察唐钢4号高炉制粉设备检修期间炉况的变化过程,分析了限煤后炉况的变化,总结了因设备原因引起的煤比大幅下降对高炉生产造成的影响和应对措施,实现了炉况的稳定顺行,取得较好的经济效益.

唐钢3200m^3高炉大幅限煤实践

高炉制粉设备停机检修是高炉生产必须面对的问题,通过唐钢3 200 m3高炉制粉设备检修期间炉况变化过程,分析了限煤后炉况的变化和调整、煤量恢复过程中炉况的变化,探讨总结了因设备及生产组织原因引起的煤比大幅下降对高炉生产造成的影响和应对措施,实现了炉况的稳定顺行,取得良好的经济效益。

唐钢1500m^3高炉限煤生产实践

介绍了唐钢中厚板1 500 m3高炉因喷煤大修进行的高炉限煤生产情况,分析了大幅减煤、加煤的调剂过程。采用循环插焦、大焦批、增加入炉风量等措施,根据压量关系和气流状况控制边缘气流,保证了限煤期间高炉稳定顺行。

控限煤政策对京津冀燃煤锅炉的环境效益

京津冀地区作为我国重要的工业基地,近年来频频出现重雾霾天气,对此政府陆续出台了各种减排措施。燃煤源是重要的大气污染源之一,燃煤工业和生活锅炉的大量使用是造成空气污染的重要影响因素。以2012年为基准年,通过构建排放清单,对京津冀地区"电代煤"、"气代煤"、"锅炉提质增效"、"散煤清洁化"、"上大压小"、"压减产能"6种控限煤政策对燃煤锅炉大气污染物(SO_2、NO_x、TSP)排放进行定量计算,分析控限煤政策下京津冀地区燃煤锅炉的减排潜力,并据此提出未来相应的排放控制对策.

唐钢3号高炉限煤实践

唐钢3号高炉因制粉系统中速磨检修于2011年1月13日至1月19日实施限煤操作,此次限煤时间长、限煤量大、限煤过程中炉况变化大,高炉操作人员根据限煤前制定的实施方案精细操作,并针对炉况变化采取针对性的调整措施,取得了较好的效果,保证了炉况的稳定顺行。

河北省雾霾治理与产业结构调整

雾霾天气频发对人们的生产生活及身体健康造成了严重的影响。为保证民生,近年来国家加大力度进行雾霾治理并已初见成效。本文以雾霾严重的河北省为切入点,归纳雾霾产生的原因,介绍相应的雾霾治理手段,分析河北省雾霾治理过程中在产业结构调整及财政支出方面可能遇到的问题,并试图提出合理的意见建议。

The three-factor model of evaluating mining rights of coal resources based on options

Since mining rights of coal resources(for short MRCR) could be regarded as a multi-stage compound real option,the evaluation for MRCR can be better solved using op- tion theory than the NPV.In the former research,we developed a two-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the coal spot price and convenience yield are stochastic based on option theory.On the basis of this two-factor model,we set up a three-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the interest rate followed a stochastic process.Through a real example application,we found the model can get higher values than the two-factor model and the NPV.This is because considering the volatility of interest rate can improve the executive opportunity of MRCR.

MECHANISM OF WATER-SOIL COUPLED ACTION DURING MINING SUBSIDENCE

This paper,on the basis of the scientific research of engineering geological exploration in a mining area,systematically studies the reasons and influence factors of consolidation and deformation of the saturated soil included in the thick loose water-bearing overburden due to mining subsidence,and analyses the dissipation of hyperstatic pore water pressure during the change of original stress and strain state of the soil. Again,by means of the coupled model based on Cambridge model and Biot's three-dimensional consolidation theory,adopting a great many physico-mechanical parameters measured in various soil layers,the paper analyses the consolidation and deformation of saturated soil affected by mining subsidence with elasto-plastic finite element method.Thus,the research not only reveals the regulation of stress,strain,displacement and hyperstatic pore water pressure dissipation in overlying soil mass,but also opens up a new direction and way for the research of mining subsidence.

Bearing characteristics of coal pillars based on modified limit equilibrium theory

There are two states for the coal-mass on the goal-side which is in stress equilibrium： the state of limit equilibrium （the bearing stress in the coal-mass equals its ultimate bearing stress） and the state of non- ultimate equilibrium （the bearing stress in the coal-mass is less than its ultimate bearing stress）. To ana- lyze the bearing characteristics of a coal pillar in the state of limit equilibrium and guide the design of pillar width, we established a mechanical analytical model of the non-ultimate equilibrium zone in the coal-mass on the goal-side combined with the limit equilibrium theory as well as adopting the methods of theory analysis and mechanical analysis based on the assumption of a state of non-ultimate equilibrium. The width correction coeffident of the limit equilibrium zone has been given. The influence of mining depth, stress concentration coefficient of the surrounding rock, the non-limit strength of the coal-mass and stability of the coal rock interface has been studied. On this basis, we have confirmed that when the width ofa longwall mining face roadway protection coal pillar is between 11.6 m and 13.16 m in No. 4 coal seam of Xinrui coal mine in Lvliang in Shanxi province the elastic core region in the coal pillar can be assured and the roadway will be located in the area of lower stress which is outside the peak stress. So the revised width of the limit eauilibrium zone is more oractical.

Numerical simulation of deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield

On the basis of ANSYS finite element model(FEM) software, the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield was simulated numerically. Based on Haizhou Mine and Wulong Mine as two typical deep-level rockburst examples in Fuxin coalfield, the rules and characteristics of the deep-level rockburst were analyzed. And the models were es- tablished. For Haizhou mine, the relationship between mining distance and rockburst was presented when 100, 300, 600 m were mined in 3313 working face. When 300 m were mined, the rockburst began to emerge. When 600 m were mined, the rockburst was the most possible to happen and the compression stress of the working face reached to the maximum value. The effect of tectonic stress on synclinal axis is also a key factor to rockburst occurrence. This was verified by the rockburst happened when 496 m were mined. For Wulong mine, based on the 311 working face as an example, the contours of Y stress in the roof and floor were obtained when the mining distance were 100, 200, 300 and 400 m. When 100 and 400 m were mined, the high stress con- centration regions occurred in the front of working face. This shows the rockburst is easy to happen. It is confirmed by the rockburst when 91m were mined in 311 working plane. The above indicates that the numerical simulation has instructive rule to study the deep-level rockburst in Fuxin coalfield.

Coal combustion restrained by ultra-fine water mist in confined space

In order to apply ultra-fine water mist technology on spontaneous coal combustion in the goaf of a coal mine, we built a small scale compartment with ultra-fine water mist for restraining coal combustion in a confined space and then investigated the restraining efficiency and related factors. The study obtained the following results： a descending rate of heat release, an increase in 02, the production of CO2 decreased gradually, while the production of CO increased dramatically and quickly and then decreased; ultimately it tended to become stable after the discharge of an ultra-fine water mist. The technology showed that the ultra-fine water mist can effectively reduce the heat release rate of coal and the rate to generate components. We found that the restraining effect relied on the mist flux, the discharge time and other factors. A sufficient amount of mist has a better effect compared to an insufficient amount of mist. To combat coal combustion, the greater the discharge time, the better coal flames are extinguished.

An improved rotated staggered grid fi nite difference scheme in coal seam

A coal seam is thin compared to the wavelength of seismic waves and usually shows strong anisotropy.It may form special geological formations,such as goafs and collapses,in coal mines.The existence of these formations may lead to instability in numerical simulations of the goaf area in a coal seam.The calculation speed of simulations is always a factor that restricts the development of simulation techniques.To improve the accuracy and effi ciency of seismic numerical simulations of goaf areas,an improved vacuum method has been incorporated into a rotated staggered grid scheme and calculations implemented by combining parallel computing and task parallelism.This ensures that the proposed numerical simulation method can be utilized in a geological model with large differences in elastic parameters among layers and improve the performance of a parallel application by enabling the full use of processor resources to expedite the calculations.We set up anisotropic coal seam models and then analyze numerically the characteristics of synthetic seismograms and snapshots of diff erent goaf areas with or without collapse.The results show that the proposed method can accurately simulate the goaf area and the calculation method can run with a high speed and parallel efficiency.The research will further advance the technology of anisotropic seismic exploration in coal fi elds,provide data for seismic inversion and build a theoretical support for coal mine disaster prediction.

Finite element analysis of high-pressure hose for radial horizontal wells in coalbed methane extraction

Based on the serial-parallel model of single-layer board and the lamination theory, the forces exerted on different layers of the high-pressure hose and the resulting deformations were analyzed when the hose was radially stretched. An equation was proposed to calculate the anisotropic elastic constant of the composite layer with the wound steel wires. Furthermore, the finite element analysis （FEA） model of the high-pressure hose was established, followed by a simulation of the forces that act on different layers, and their deformations. The simulation results show that the stress imposed on the inner reinforced layer and external reinforced layer of the high-pressure hose are approximately 150 MPa and 115 MPa, respectively, in the presence of inner pressure. The stress of the rubber coating and polyethylene coating is lower. The lowest stress occurs on the inner surface of the high-pressure hose and the rubber coating between the two composite layers. The deformation of the rubber layer in the inner surface of the high-pressure hose decreases gradually along the radial direction from the inner surface to the external surface. The deformation of the reinforced composite layer is less than that of the external surface of the rubber coating. The equivalent stress of the reinforced composite layer is higher than that caused by the inner pressure, due to the presence of both inner pressure and axial tension.

Analysis of the effects of weak floor strata onlongwall face stability using finite element modeling

Higher production, better safety standard, and potential for automation are some of the benefits of longwall mining. Today, longwall face advances at a faster rate exposing many diversified rock layers in a short period of time. It is now a serious challenge to cope with ground control problems such as roof falls, face and floor failure, and excessive shield loading as fast as possible to minimize production and monetary losses. In Illinois Coal Mines, the existence of weak floor strata blow the coal seam may pose additional problems related to floor heaving, shield base punching, and associated roof and face falls. In this study, the effects of weak floor on longwall ground control are analyzed using two dimensional finite element models. A two leg 635 6 ton (700 short ton) yielding capacity shield is included in the models to evaluate the effects of different thickness and material properties of the weak floor. The study indicates that the thickness and material properties of weak floor have significant effects on shield loading, the distribution and intensity of front abutment stress, failure zones in the surrounding strata, roof to floor convergence, and floor punching by the shield base.

Mechanism of energy limit equilibrium of rock burst in coal mine

With the increase of mining depth,the effect of rock burst on coal mining is becoming more and more obvious and the rock burst mechanism becomes more and more complicated.Scholars from many countries had put forward different mechanisms,but no one gave a reasonable explanation to the mechanism of rock burst.In this paper,based on the energy theories,we studied the energy limit equilibrium（ELE） of coal mine rock burst The coal seam with rock burst is divided into energy limit equilibrium zone（ELEZ）（A） and elastic zone（B）;we also determined the position where the rock burst occurs,including the roof and floor of coal seams;in addition,we derived the limit width of ELEZ and the mathematic relationship between the limit width and occurrence mechanism of rock burst：the energy difference function（EDF）,w（x） = w_j - w_p,because first-order derivative w＇（x）,is less than 0.So EDF is a monotonically decreasing function.The graph of the energy difference function was also determined, through which we analysed the occurrence mechanism of rock burst.

Numerical simulation of coal-bed methane transfer with finite element method

The mathematical model and the numerical simulation for the transfer of coal bed methane were established based on the combination of the porous flow theory and elastic plastic mechanics theory and the numerical solution was given, together with the consideration of the fluid solid interaction between the coal bed gas and coal framework. Then the dispersion for the equation of gas porous flow and coal seam distortion was carried out and the functional analysis equation was obtained. Finally, the coupling solution was educed and calculated by finite element method(FEM) on a model example.

Investigation of Barree-Conway non-Darcy flow effects on coalbed methane production

Coalbed gas non-Darcy flow has been observed in high permeable fracture systems,and some mathematical and numerical models have been proposed to study the effects of non-Darcy flow using Forchheimer non-Darcy model.However,experimental results show that the assumption of a constant Forchheimer factor may cause some limitations in using Forchheimer model to describe non-Darcy flow in porous media.In order to investigate the effects of non-Darcy flow on coalbed methane production,this work presents a more general coalbed gas non-Darcy flow model according to Barree-Conway equation,which could describe the entire range of relationships between flow velocity and pressure gradient from low to high flow velocity.An expanded mixed finite element method is introduced to solve the coalbed gas non-Darcy flow model,in which the gas pressure and velocity can be approximated simultaneously.Error estimate results indicate that pressure and velocity could achieve first-order convergence rate.Non-Darcy simulation results indicate that the non-Darcy effect is significant in the zone near the wellbore,and with the distance from the wellbore increasing,the non-Darcy effect becomes weak gradually.From simulation results,we have also found that the non-Darcy effect is more significant at a lower bottom-hole pressure,and the gas production from non-Darcy flow is lower than the production from Darcy flow under the same permeable condition.

Modeling seismic wave propagation in a coal-bearing porous medium by a staggered-grid finite difference method

A staggered-grid finite difference method is used to model seismic wave records in a coal bearing, porous medium. The variables analyzed include the order of the difference calculations, the use of a perfect match layer to provide absorbing boundary conditions, the source location, the stability conditions, and dispersion in the medium. The results show that the location of the first derivative of the dynamic variable with respect to space is coincident with the location of the first derivative of the kinematic varable with respect to time. Outgoing waves are effectively absorbed and reflection at the boundary is very weak when more than 20 perfect match layer cells are used. Blot theory considers the liquid phase to be homogeneous so the ratio of liquid to solid exposure of the seismic source depends upon the medium porosity. Numerical dispersion and generation of false frequencies is reduced by increasing the accuracy of the difference calculations and by reducing the grid size and time step. Temporal second order accuracy, a tenth order spatial accuracy, and a wavelength over more than ten grid points gave acceptable numerical results. Larger grid step sizes in the lateral direction and smaller grid sizes in the vertical direction allow control of dispersion when the medium is a low speed body. This provides a useful way to simulate seismic waves in a porous coal bearing medium.

Study on optimization of underlying coal bed exploited depth for tunnel

Combined with highway construction, the analysis on the relationship betweentunnel construction and coal resource exploitation was processed, which was based onthe research of rational exploitation depth of coal.3D FEM numerical analysis for tunnelexcavation was carried out according to engineering geological features of coal measurestrata in the project area.Based on the analysis of displacement and stress of the surroundingrock in the tunnel after excavation, the characteristics for displacement andstress of the tunnel support structure were analyzed when the underlying coal bed wasexploited with sublevel and full caving method.In addition, combined with the related codeand standard, the economic and safe prohibiting exploited depth of the underlying coalbed was proposed, so that a scientific basis for tunnel construction of coal measure strataand reasonable exploitation of the mineral resources in complex geological conditions canbe offered.