天广直流逆变站单交流馈线运行限电流软件的逻辑改进

针对天广直流输电系统在运行过程中多次出现电流限制异常,分析其主要成因。指出逆变侧最后交流馈线限制负荷运行软件逻辑存在设计缺陷,若其中一极需要在定电流控制模式下运行,另一极在定功率控制模式下运行,将会出现双极实际传输功率低于双极功率参数运行的异常情况。最后提出了单条交流馈线运行限负荷软件逻辑改进的建议。

特高压直流输电系统动态响应对受端交流电网故障恢复特性的影响

特高压直流输电系统受扰后,其直流动态特性及其与受端交流电网的相互作用,对电网安全稳定性将会产生较大的影响。为此,针对目前国内广泛应用的BPA电力系统仿真软件,分析了3种不同直流控制系统仿真模型结构特征。通过时域仿真,研究了安全稳定计算中采用不同模型及其关键控制器参数对受端交流电网故障恢复特性的影响,包括不同的换相失败模拟方法、直流定功率控制电压测量时间常数以及低电压限电流启动电压门槛值等。研究结果表明:对于故障后动态电压支撑能力较弱的受端电网,换相失败模拟方法会显著影响电压恢复特性;增大直流定功率控制电压测量时间常数以及提升低电压限电流启动电压门槛值,可降低故障恢复期间逆变器无功消耗,有利于改善受端电网的恢复特性。

直流多馈入电网生存性评估方法

换流站作为大容量无功负荷,对直流落点地区电网电压支撑能力带来了压力,需要对换流母线在低电压下的生存性进行评估。以直流系统的额定传输功率、换流母线额定电压与系统可以容忍的最小三相接地阻抗(临界阻抗)来衡量多馈入直流系统状态生存性指标。在评估多馈入系统换流母线状态生存性时,设计考虑低压限电流的交直流连续潮流算法。运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件构建基于benchmark模型的双馈入直流系统模型,验证了该文方法的可行性。

某新源配电系统逆变器过流解决方案

某波浪能发电项目在系统调试过程中,配电系统发生了多次逆变器过电流跳闸故障;本文根据该配电系统内各设备的特性,详细分析了导致逆变器过电流跳闸故障产生的原因,并根据故障产生的原因采取相对应的解决方案。

小电器直流电源的性能改善与功能扩展研究

本文就家用小电器的稳压电源存在的不足进行剖析,指出了性能较差的原因,提出了改进型稳压电源。文章简要 阐述了改进型电路的设计思路,并给出了电路原理图。

无功控制功能在直流系统降压过程中的控制策略分析

文章介绍了基于南瑞控制系统的广州换流站无功控制逻辑关键控制节点,分析了其在实际运行过程中的控制作用;重点研究在直流系统降压运行过程中"交流滤波器组不可用"以及"不满足绝对最小交流滤波器投入要求"工况下直流限电流控制策略实现过程,并结合故障案例进行印证分析;提出在换流站运行维护过程中如何避免因系统逻辑设计问题导致直流系统运行异常的防控措施。

直流低负荷无功优化功能问题的研究及改进

针对贵广II回投入LLRPO功能后出现了影响直流系统稳定运行的问题,结合实际,研究了相关逻辑的动作流程,并分析这些问题产生的原因,为LLRPO功能逻辑的改进及运维提出进一步改进措施。

电子式软起动器仿真研究

电子式软起动器以其高性价比,在软起动器行业得到越来越广的关注,文章在分析三相调压原理的基础上搭建MATLAB仿真模型,将斜坡升压软起模式和限电流软起动模式进行仿真分析,对于电子式软起动器的研究具有一定的参考意义。

3D finite element numerical simulation of advanced detection in roadway for DC focus method

Within the roadway advanced detection methods, DC resistivity method has an extensive application because of its simple principle and operation. Numerical simulation of the effect of focusing current on advanced detection was carried out using a three-dimensional finite element method （FEM）, meanwhile the electric-field distribution of the point source and nine-point power source were calculated and analyzed with the same electric charges. The results show that the nine-point power source array has a very good ability to focus, and the DC focus method can be used to predict the aquifer abnormality body precisely. By comparing the FEM modelling results with physical simulation results from soil sink, it is shown that the accuracy of forward simulation meets the requirement and the artificial disturbance from roadway has no impact on the DC focus method.

Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics and Electroluminescence of cBN Crystal

The current-voltage（I-V） characteristics of cBN crystal sandwiched between two metallic electrodes are measured and found to be nonlinear. Over 20 samples are measured at room temperature with various electrodes, and the resulting curves are all similar in shape. When a voltage of about 560V is applied to the cBN crystal, the emitted light is visible to the naked eye in a dark room. We explain these phenomena by the space charge limited current and the electronic transition between the X and Г valleys of the conduction band.

Measurements of Carrier Confinement at β-FeSi_2-Si Heterojunction by Electroluminescence

A Si p-π-n diode with β-FeSi 2 particles embedded in the unintentionally doped Si (p--type) was designed for determining the band offset at β-FeSi 2-Si heterojunction.When the diode is under forward bias,the electrons injected via the Si n-p- junction diffuse to and are confined in the β-FeSi 2 particles due to the band offset.The storage charge at the β-FeSi 2-Si heterojunction inversely hamper the further diffusion of electrons,giving rise to the localization of electrons in the p--Si near the Si junction,which prevents them from nonradiative recombination channels.This results in electroluminescence (EL) intensity from both Si and β-FeSi 2 quenching slowly up to room temperature.The temperature dependent ratio of EL intensity of β-FeSi 2 to Si indicates the loss of electron confinement following thermal excitation model.The conduction band offset between Si and β-FeSi 2 is determined to be about 0 2eV.

Analytical and Experimental Studies of Linear MHD Propulsor

A two dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the performance characteristics for direct current, linear channel MHD propulsion system in a closed loop environment. The results of analytical and experimental studies of the linear channel MHD propulsor are described. Compared with the data of experiment, the correctness of the computation program is validated.

Analysis and design of over-current limit control strategies applied in aeronautical power supplies

Some Over-Current Limit Control strategies are analyzed and designed to meet the demands of high reliability and rapid dynamic response in the aeronautical power supply applications. The control schemes are both effective in DC-DC converters and DC-AC converters. Controller models are set up, and the over-current limit operation principles of analogy and digital control are analyzed too. An 800VA aeronautical power supply bas been constructed to verify the performance of the proposed control strategy in various cases such as the sudden load change and the constant load. The analysis and experiments confirm the advantages of the proposed over-current limit strategies as follows： simple,effective and reliable.

Identifying Diffusion Limiting Current to Unravel the Intrinsic Kinetics of Electrode Reactions Affected by Mass Transfer at Rotating Disk Electrode

Rotating disk electrode systems are widely used to study the kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions that may suffer from insufficient mass transfer of the reactants.Kinetic current density at certain overpotential calculated by the Koutecky-Levich equation is commonly used as the metrics to evaluate the activity of electrocatalysts.However,it is frequently found that the diffusion limiting current density is not correctly identified in the literatures.Instead of kinetic current density,the measured current density normalized by diffusion limiting current density(j/jL)has also been frequently under circumstance where its validity is not justified.By taking oxygen reduction reaction/hydrogen oxidation reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction as examples,we demonstrate that identifying the actual diffusion limiting current density for the same reaction under otherwise identical conditions from the experimental data is essential to accurately deduce kinetic current density.Our analysis reveals that j/jLis a rough activity metric which can only be used to qualitatively compare the activity trend under conditions that the mass transfer conditions and the roughness factor of the electrode are exactly the same.In addition,if one wants to use j/jLto compare the intrinsic activity,the concentration overpotential should be eliminated.

Threshold Current Characteristics of Intracavity-contacted Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Laser

Threshold current characteristics of intracavity-contacted oxide-confinedvertical-cavity surface-emitting laser had been investigated in detail. Threshold currentcharacteristics not only were depended on the size of oxide-aperture, but also were also stronglyaffected by the mismatch of its lasing mode and gain peak. For the same degree detuning of the gainpeak and lasing mode at room temperature, the threshold current was approximately proportional tothe square of the oxide-aperture diameter of above 5 μm. For the same oxide-aperture device, thelarger the detuning degree of the lasing mode shifted to the shorter wavelength of the gain peak atroom temperature was, the lower the minimum threshold current was. The wavelengths of the lasingmode and gain peak were ± N X 10 nm detuning at 300 K, The temperature of the minimum thresholdcurrent was changed to be about ± N X 40 K(N real number). The calculated results were consistentwith the experimental ones.

Hybrid Operation of Fault Current Limiter and Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor

The effectiveness of a combination of fault current limiter and thyristor controlled braking resistor on power system stability enhancement and damping turbine shaft torsional oscillations has been studied. If both devices operate at the same bus, the stabilization control scheme can be carried out continuously and with flexibility. As a result, the fault currents are limited, and the generator disturbances and the turbine shaft torsional oscillations are converged quickly. In this paper, the effectiveness of the combination of both devices has been demonstrated by considering 3LG （three-lines-to-ground） fault in a two-machine infinite bus system. Also, temperature rise effect of both devices with various resistance values and weights has been demonstrated. Simulation results indicate a significant power system stability enhancement and damping turbine shaft torsional oscillations as well as with allowable temperature rise.

3-D direct current resistivity forward modeling by adaptive multigrid finite element method

Based on the fact that 3-D model discretization by artificial could not always be successfully implemented especially for large-scaled problems when high accuracy and efficiency were required, a new adaptive multigrid finite element method was proposed. In this algorithm, a-posteriori error estimator was employed to generate adaptively refined mesh on a given initial mesh. On these iterative meshes, V-cycle based multigrid method was adopted to fast solve each linear equation with each initial iterative term interpolated from last mesh. With this error estimator, the unknowns were nearly optimally distributed on the final mesh which guaranteed the accuracy. The numerical results show that the multigrid solver is faster and more stable compared with ICCG solver. Meanwhile, the numerical results obtained from the final model discretization approximate the analytical solutions with maximal relative errors less than 1%, which remarkably validates this algorithm.

Influence of the finite size effect of Si（001）/SiO2 interface on the gate leakage current in nano-scale transistors

With the device size gradually approaching the physical limit, the small changes of the Si(001)/SiO 2 interface in silicon-based devices may have a great impact on the device characteristics. Based on this, the bridge-oxygen model is used to construct the interface of different sizes, and the finite size effect of the interface between fine electronic structure silicon and silicon dioxide is studied. Then, the influence of the finite size effect on the electrical properties of nanotransistors is calculated by using the first principle. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the bond length of Si-Si and Si-O shows a saturate tendency when the size increases, while the absorption capacity of visible light and the barrier of the interface increase with the decrease of size. Finally, the results of two tunneling current models show that the finite size effect of Si(001)/SiO 2 interface can lead to a larger change in the gate leakage current of nano-scale devices, and the transition region and image potential, which play an important role in the calculation of interface characteristics of large-scale devices, show different sensitivities to the finite size effect. Therefore, the finite size effect of the interface on the gate leakage current cannot be ignored in nano-scale devices.

The Application of the Fault Current Limiters in Power Distribution System

In this paper, an application of fault current limiter-thyristor controller series reactor （FCL-TCSR） in the distribution network is presented in order to minimize the peak value of current during the fault condition. This application considers a single fault current limiting action but can also be applied for a three phase system. The maximum contribution of FCL-TCSR quickly clears the abnormal current in the power distribution system when a fault condition occurs. Using a mathematical model of FCL-TCSR, the impact of series impedance used to adjust the amplitude of the fault current action is demonstrated. The performance of the load with the impedance and load in series is also analyzed.

Directional Overcurrent Relays Coordination Restoration by Reducing Minimum Fault Current Limiter Impedance

FCL （fault current limiter） is used to solve relays miscoordination problem arises from DG （distributed generation） installation. In most published researches, different optimization methods are developed to obtain optimal relay settings to achieve coordination in case of not installing DG, then depending on the achieved optimal obtained relay settings, FCL impedance is deduced to ensure relays coordination restoration in case of installing DG. Based on original optimal relay settings, obtained FCL impedance is not the minimum one required to achieve relay coordination. The contribution of this paper is the generation of multi sets of original relay settings that increase the possibility of finding FCL impedance of minimum value which is lower than the calculated value based on original optimal relay settings. The proposed method achieves better economic target by reducing FCL impedance. The proposed approach is implemented and tested on IEEE-39 bus test system.