两种太平洋海鸟解除生存危机

美国鱼类和野生动物管理局称，经过多方共同努力，两种曾一度涉员危的太平洋海乌斯克里普斯海雀、瓜达卢佩海雀已经脱离濒危物种之列。这两种海鸟曾被认为是白腹海雀的两个亚种，2012年，美国乌类学会将它们划分为两个物种。

Research and development on mechanism of removal of indoor volatile organic compounds by plants

Background,aim,and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation,living standards have gradually improved.However,the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture has made indoor environments a primary environmental problem affecting human health.Sick building syndrome(SBS)and building-related illness(BRI)have occurred,and indoor air conditions have been extensively studied.Common indoor pollutants include CO,CO_(2),volatile organic compounds(VOCs)(such as the formaldehyde and benzene series),NOx(NO and NO_(2)),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).VOCs have replaced SO_(2)as the“The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”urban air quality assessment new indicators.Indoor VOCs can cause diseases such as cataract,asthma,and lung cancer.To protect human health,researchers have proposed several indoor air purification technologies,including adsorption,filtration,electrostatic dust removal,ozonation,and plant purification.However,each technology has drawbacks,such as high operating costs,high energy consumption,and the generation of secondary waste or toxic substances.Plant degradation of VOCs as a bioremediation technology has the characteristics of low cost,high efficiency,and sustainability,thereby becoming a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality.This study introduces the research status and mechanism of plant removal of indoor VOCs and provides an experimental basis and scientific guidance for analysing the mechanism of plant degradation of pollutants.Materials and methods This study reviews studies on the harm caused by indoor pollutants to human health and related sources,mainly investigating the degradation of indoor formaldehyde,BTEX(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene)plant mechanisms,and research results.Results Plants can remove VOCs via stomatal and non-stomatal adsorption,interfoliar microbial,rhizosphere microbial,and growth media.Benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX)are adsorbed by pores,hydroxylated into fumaric acid,and then removed into CO_(2) and H_(2)O by TCA.Formaldehyde enters plant leaves through the stomata and epidermal waxy substances and is adsorbed.After the two steps of enzymatic oxidation,formic acid and CO_(2) are generated.Finally,it enters the Calvin cycle and removes glucose and other nontoxic compounds.Discussion The non-stomatal degradation of VOCs can be divided into adsorption by cuticular wax and active adsorption by plant surface microorganisms.The leaf epidermal waxy matter content and the lipid composition of the epidermal membrane covering the plant surface play important roles in the non-stomatal adsorption of indoor air pollutants.The leaf margin of a plant is an ecological environment containing various microbial communities.The endophytic and inoculated microbiota in plant buds and leaves can remove VOCs(formaldehyde and BTEX).Formaldehyde can be directly absorbed by plant leaves and converted into organic acids,sugars,CO_(2) and H_(2)O by microbes.Bioremediation of indoor VOCs is usually inefficient,leading to plant toxicity or residual chemical substance volatilisation through leaves,followed by secondary pollution.Therefore,plants must be inoculated with microorganisms to improve the efficiency of plant degradation of VOCs.However,the effectiveness of interfoliar microbial removal remains largely unknown and several microorganisms are not culturable.Therefore,methods for collecting,identifying,and culturing microorganisms must be developed.As the leaf space is a relatively unstable environment,the degradation of VOCs by rhizosphere microorganisms is equally important,and formaldehyde is absorbed more by rhizosphere microorganisms at night.The inoculation of bacteria into the rhizosphere improves the efficiency of plants in degrading VOCs.However,most of these studies were conducted in simulation chambers.To ensure the authenticity of these conclusions,the ability of plants to remove indoor air pollutants must be further verified in real situations.Conclusions Plant purification is an economical,environment-friendly,and sustainable remediation technology.This review summarises the mechanisms of VOC plant degradation and presents its limitations.Simultaneously,it briefly puts forward a plant selection scheme according to different temperatures,light,and specific VOCs that can be absorbed to choose the appropriate plant species.However,some studies have denied the purification effect of plants and proposed that numerous plants are required to achieve indoor ventilation effects.Therefore,determining the ability of plants to remove indoor VOCs requires a combination of realistic and simulated scenarios.Recommendations and perspectives Plants and related microorganisms play an important role in improving indoor air quality,therefore,the effect of plants and the related microorganisms on improving indoor air quality must be studied further and the effect of plants on indoor VOCs will be the focus of future research.

碱渣中和法在灰水回用中的应用

阐述碱渣中和法在燃煤锅炉除尘废水回用中的原理和应用。碱渣中和不仅解决了灰水的酸性腐蚀,实现废水的封闭循环,而且经二次脱硫,使烟气中的SO_2达标排放。

对声波助清技术在布袋除尘器中应用的认识

布袋除尘器发展过程主要体现在两个方面:一是滤料材质的发展;二是清灰方式的发展。声波助清灰是以声波清灰为辅,其它清灰方式(如反吹、振打等)为主,使粉尘易于清除的技术。本文在介绍了声波助清灰工作原理的基础上,浅析了声压级和频率对清灰效果的影响、声波助清灰技术中的一些关键问题,最后又提出了自己的几点看法。

An Overview of Research on Microbial Herbicide

The development of microbial herbicide for weed control has been serious- ly regarded all over the world and has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review on domestic and abroad research progress of microbial herbicide and mainly introduces the microbial herbicide products and mi- crobial sources with commercialization potential, and then proposes an outlook for their development tendency and application prospect.

提高传统仓泵输送效率的几点建议

本文对传统仓泵输送系统提出了改进建议 ,通过对比试验证实了改进后的仓泵系统具有输送速度低 ,灰气比高的特点 ,从而提高了仓泵的输送效率 ,降低了输送能耗 。

Distribution Patterns of Ground Moss Species and Its Relationships with Environmental Factors in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

The relationships of 42 species of ground moss with six environmental factors in 41 sites on Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve were analyzed. Four site groups and four groups of ground moss ecological species were identified using the method of Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The results of Detrended Canonical. Correspondence Analysis (DCCA) showed that altitude, soil sand content, soil acidity, forest canopy coverage and soil water content are the five major environmental factors influencing the distributional patterns of the moss species. The four groups of ecological species, which correspond well with the four site groups, are projected on the species-environment biplot of DCCA. Group 1 dominated in the bogs of Larix olgensis forest, group 2 in the alpine tundra, group 3 in the dense conifer forest, and group 4 mainly in the Betula ermanii community and the Betula ermanii-Larix olgensis forest in sub-alpine respectively.

Study on Purification Efficiency of Vertical Flow Wetlands on Domestic Wastewater

The combination method of intermittent influent and vertical flow wetlands （VFW） was used in the test to treat the domestic wastewater. Four artificial wetlands including Typha latifolia wetland,Phragmites australis （P.H.） wetland,polyculture wetlands （Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis） and non-vegetation wetland were established in the test. The effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT） and plant species on pollutants removal efficiencies were studied. The results showed that when HRT=7,the treatment efficiencies of wetlands with plants for the removal of TN and NH＋4-N were up to 99.65% and 99.58%,respectively. For the control wetland,TN removal efficiency was up to 87.9% when HRT were 6 days,and NH＋4-N removal efficiency was up to 91.8% when HRT were 5 days. TP removal efficiencies of four wetlands were higher than 93% when HRT was 6 days. Through the studies on different plants,it was found that vegetation wetlands had better nitrogen removal efficiency than non-vegetation wetland. The treatment efficacy of Phragmites australis wetland and polyculture wetland was better than Typha latifolia wetland.

静电袋滤器应用于硅铁电炉除尘

介绍了除尘系统的主要技术参数、烟气净化系统及流程、静电袋滤器的结构特点、滤料的选用和静电袋滤器在硅铁电炉上的应用情况。

NOVEL METHOD FOR DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF STABILITY IN HIGH-SPEED MILLING SYSTEM

Considering the self-excited and forced vibrations in high-speed milling processes, a novel method for dynamic optimization of system stability is used to determine the cutting parameters and structural parameters by increasing the chatter free material removal rate （CF-MRR） and surface finish. The method is hased on the theory of the chatter stability and the semi-bandwidth of the resonant region. The objective function of the method is material removal rate（MRR）,the constraints are chatter stability and surface finish, and the optimizing variables are cutting and structural parameters. The optimization procedure is stated. The method is applied to a milling system and CF-MRR is increased 18.86%. It is shown that the influences of the chatter stability and the resonance are simultaneously considered in the dynamic optimization of the milling system for increasing CF-MRR and the surface finish.

Isolation of Denitrifying Bacteria in Sea Sediment and Simulated Experiment of Removing Nitrate-N from Seawater

The objective of this research was to isolate denitrifying bacteria from sea sediment and simulate the removal efficiency of nitrate-N by denitrifying bacteria from seawater. The result showed that the isolated denitrifying bacteria could effectively remove nitrate-N from seawater. About 90 % of nitrate-N was removed by denitrifying bacteria from seawater within a week in the simulated experiment I （the initial concentration of nitrate-N was 100 mg/L）. The removal efficiency of nitrate-N reached about 70 % within one day in the simulated experiment Ⅱ （initial concentration of nitrate-N was 1 mg/L）. The final removal efficiency was about 98 % and 85 % in the simulated experiments Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively. It was found that there was positive correlation between the concentration of nitrate-N and the number of denitrifying bacteria in seawater. Lots of denitrifying bacteria would disappear and the seawater would become transparent once the process of bioremediation was completed.

用机电一体化设备 开拓电除尘新领域

福建龙净股份有限公司早在七十年代初就专业进入除尘领域,是中国环保产业的早期“先驱者”,经过近三十年来的发展壮大,积累了丰富的经验,建立了卓著的业绩,为国内少有的机电一体化生产大型电除尘器,能够向用户提供设计、制造、安装、调试一条龙服务的专业性环保企业,也是全国影响大、技术力量强的大气污染台理领域的行业骨干企业。

Bacillus sp. Treatment of Wastewater Containing Antimony

Antimony ore dressing wastewater was treated by using Bacillus sp. and the influences of treatment time, temperature, inoculation size, and pH value on Sb removal effect were explored. The results showed that the best removal efficiency of Sb in mineral processing wastewater could reach 99.75% in 4 d under the optimum conditions of 30 ℃, microbial inoculated quantity 5%, and pH value at 2.0. After the treatment, the concentration of Sb in wastewater was reduced from 122.21 to 0.30mg/L, which was lower than the local industrial wastewater discharge standard of0.50 mg/L.

Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010

Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic.

Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment： A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment, Fluidization has been demonstrated to in- crease the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor （CFBBR） was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings （i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations） than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewa- ter, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolat- ed wastewater treatment systems.

Characterization of a Strain Capable of Degrading a Herbicide Mixture of Quinclorac and Bensulfuronmethyl

A bacterial strain,designated as LS,was isolated from a contaminated soil and was found to be capable of utilizing quinclorac,bensulfuronmethyl,and a mixture of the two as carbon and energy sources for growth. Strain LS was identified as Ochrobactrum sp. based on its physiological-biochemical properties,16S rDNA sequences,and phylogenetic analysis. The extent of degradation of quinclorac and bensulfuronmethyl at initial concentrations of 1.5 and 0.1 g L-1 was 90% and 67%,respectively,as measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) . When a herbicide mixture of 0.34 g L-1 quinclorac and 0.02 g L-1 bensulfuronmethyl was applied as carbon sources,quinclorac and bensulfuronmethyl were degraded at 95.7% and 67.5%,respectively. It appears that quinclorac is utilized more easily in a mixture than in a single state. The optimal temperature for growth of strain LS was 37 ℃. Strain LS grew well at pH 6 to 9 and had the highest degradation level for quinclorac and bensulfuronmethyl at an initial pH of 7 and 8,respectively. Addition of 0.25 g L-1 yeast extract could promote the growth and extent of degradation of quinclorac and bensulfuronmethyl by strain LS. Strain LS also showed the capability to degrade other aromatic compounds such as catechol,propisochlor,4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid sodium(MCPA-Na) and imazethapy. The isolate LS shows a huge potential to be used in bioremediation for treating complex herbicide residues.

Impact of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on survival in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer

AIM:To explore whether preoperative chemoradiation therapy improves survival of patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing resectional surgery. METHODS:Forty-seven patients with a malignant pancreatic tumor localized in the head or uncinate process of the pancreas underwent radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. Twenty-two received chemoradiation therapy (gemcitabine and radiation dose 50.4 Gy) before surgery (CRR) and 25 patients underwent surgery only (RO). The study was non-randomised. Patients were identified from a prospective database. RESULTS:The median survival time was 30.2 mo in the CRR group and 35.9 mo in the RO group. No statistically significant differences were found in subclasses according to lymph node involvement,TNM stages,tumor size,or perineural invasion. The one,three and five year survival rates were 81%,33% and 33%,respectively,in the CRR group and 72%,47% and 23%,respectively,in the RO group. In ductal adenocarcinoma,the median survival time was 27 mo in the CRR group and 20 mo in the RO group. No statistically significant differences were found in the above subclasses. The one,three and five year survival rates were 79%,21% and 21%,respectively,in the CRR group and 64%,50% and 14%,respectively,in the RO group. The overall hospital mortality rate was 2%. The morbidity rate was 45% in the CRR group and 32% (NS) in the RO group. CONCLUSION:Major multicenter randomized studies are needed to conclusively assess the impact of neoadjuvant treatment in the management of pancreatic cancer.

Removal of Di-n-butyl Phthalate Using Immobilized Microbial Cells

The biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） using immobilized microbial cells was carded out in an internal airlift loop reactor with ceramic honeycomb supports. A strain that is capable of degrading DBP was isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA sequential analysis. Bacillus sp. could be rapidly attached onto the ceramic honeycomb supports. The immobilized cells could effectively degrade DBP in batch and continuous experiments. When the influent concentration of DBP was 50mg·L^-1, the effluent DBP reached less than lmg.L i with 6h hydraulic retention time （HRT） in continuous experiment. The immobilized microbial cells could grow and accumulate through the biodegradation of DBP, and the rate of degradation is accordingly increased. The possible pathway of DBP biodegradation using immobilized cells was tentatively proposed.

Effect of NCPB and VSPL on pain and quality of life in chronic pancreatitis patients

AIM: To compare the effects of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) and videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy (VSPL) on pain and quality of life of chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients.METHODS: Forty-eight small duct CP patients were treated invasively with NCPB (n = 30) or VSPL (n = 18) in two non-randomized, prospective, case-controlled protocols due to chronic pain syndrome, and compared to a control group who were treated conservatively (n = 32). Visual analog scales were used to assess pain and opioid consumption rate was evaluated. In addition, the quality of life was measured using QLQ C-30 for NCPB and FACIT for VSPL.Although both questionnaires covered similar problems,they could not be compared directly one with another.Therefore, the studies were compared by meta-analysis methodology.RESULTS: Both procedures resulted in a significant positive effect on pain of CP patients. Opioids were withdrawn totally in 47.0% of NCPB and 36.4% of VSPL patients,and reduced in 53.0% and 45.4% of the respective patient groups. No reduction in opioid usage was observed in the control group. In addition, fatigue and emotional well-being showed improvements. Finally, NCPB demonstrated stronger positive effects on social support, which might possibly be attributed to earlier presentation of patients treated with NCPB.CONCLUSION: Both invasive pain treatment methods are effective in CP patients with chronic pain.