合理进食可解除脑疲劳

从事脑力劳动的人们往往有用脑过度的现象,会出现食欲欠佳、消化不良、头晕脑胀、神思恍惚、反应迟钝,有的人甚至出现血压升高等一系列症状。对用脑过度的人,平时多吃些含卵磷脂的食品,如大豆、豆制品、蛋黄、动物脑等食物,大脑就不易疲劳。

咪唑类化合物处理对家蚕除脑蛹发育的影响

作了咪唑类化合物处理对家蚕除脑蛹影响的试验,结果: (1)正常蚕化蛹后用KK-42或KK-62处理,则成虫化迟缓,特别是KK-42处理使成虫化推迟3倍。同时KK-42处理蛹的卵巢发育不完全。 (2)化蛹后除脑的蛹用KK-42或KK-62处理,大部分成为永久蛹。咪唑类化合物的注射比涂布效果好。 (3)除脑蛹用25微克以上的KK-42处理,可成为永久蛹。同时发现注射KK-42后5日内除脑,则成虫化完全受阻。 (4)KK-42处理除脑蛹对外源20-HE发生反应而成虫化。但是,KK-42处理除脑蛹在处理后6日以后对PTTH有反应,而在6日前处理无效。结果表明,咪唑类化合物处理除脑蛹可以作为PTTH生物检定用蛹。

CEA:一刀切除脑中风

在生活中,我听说过脑中风在瞬间就夺去人的生命的悲惨故事,更见到过不少老人,在一场猛烈的脑中风发作之后,原本一个健康、快乐的人,一下子瘫倒在床上,而且这一瘫就是十几年,老人自己变得很抑郁,整个家庭也在沉重的负荷中飘摇,幸福成了别人家里的灯光,可望而不可及…… 什么能改变脑中风病人的命运呢?很多年里,这个问题的答案都只能是无奈的叹息,直到我认识了张勤奕教授——一位留洋回来的血管外科医生。

老年性痴呆早期诊断与治疗的探讨

通过对60岁以上老年性痴呆的研究与分析,对这种随着世界性人口日益老龄化而逐渐增多的老年病早期诊断及有效的治疗方法,进行有益的探索,以便为提高老年人晚年的生活质量做一些贡献.在工作中首先要排除脑梗塞性痴呆及一些常见的假性痴呆,如老年性抑郁症、慢性内科病、老年性精神障碍等,它们即常见,而且治疗方法,效果大不相同。

浅谈文学创作中的语言

五十年前,毛泽东同志发表了《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》一文,强调指出:文艺工作者“应当认真学习群众的语言。如果连群众的语言都有许多不懂,还讲什么文艺创造呢?”同时还指出:“什么是不懂?语言不懂,就是说,对于人民群众的丰富的语言,缺乏充分的知识。”因此,为了文艺创作的繁荣,我们必须用很大的气力去学习人民的语言,学习外国的语言,学习古人的语言,从这些语言中吸取一切好的有用的东西。 语言是人类最重要的交际工具,是人类社会极为宝贵的财富。人类所以会有文化,而其他动物不能有文化,其原因除脑力的差异外,其次便是语言的能力。

Protective Effects of Tea Polyphenol on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Its Scavenging Oxy-radical and Anticerebral Lipid Peroxidation Effects

AIM To study the protective effects of tea polyphenol (TP) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its scavenging oxygen free radical(OFR) activities and antilipid peroxidation in vitro . METHODS Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was produced by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries with vagus nerves and reperfusion for 45 min. The mitochondrial lipid peroxidation of rat brain induced by oxygen free radical was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. Superoxide anion (O 2) from xanthine xanthine oxidase system and hydroxyl radical (·OH) from Fe 2+ -H 2O 2 system were determined with spectrophotometry. RESULTS During Cerebral ischemia reperfusion,TP improved the activities of superoxide dismutase ( P 【0 05), GSH peroxidase( P 【0 01) and catalase( P 【0 01), while decreasing the maiondialdchyde content in the brain( P 【0 05) and brain water content ( P 【0 01). Tea polyphenol possessed significantly scavenging effects on ·OH produced by Fenton reaction and O 2 produced by xanthine xanthine oxidase system (the IC 50 were 2 2 mmol·L -1 and 1 9 mmol·L -1 respectively). Tea polyphenol could significant inhibit the lipid peroxidation of cerbral mitochondrial membrane induced by ·OH in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results indicate that tea polyphenol could protect the injury on cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats for OFR, these effects may be related to its scavenging effects on oxygen free radicals and antilipid peroxidant.

Intraoperative awake anesthesia applied for tumor excision in cerebral functional areas

Objective:To observe the feasibility and safety of awake anesthesia for tumor excisions in pa- tients with brain tumors involving cerebral functional areas.Methods:Fifty patients with brain tumors in- volving cerebral functional areas,ASAⅠ-Ⅱgrade,were enrolled in this study.Propofol and remifentanil were used for total intravenous anesthesia,and a laryngeal mask airway(LMA)was inserted for the air- way opening and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV).At the surgeon's request for an intraoperative wake-up test,the propofol infusion was stopped advance of 10-15 min,the remifentanil in- fusion rate was decreased to 0.050-0.075μg/kg from 0.10-0.20μg/kg per min for easing surgical pain. The LMA was removed until the patient awakened.The anesthesiologist then kept up an on-going neuro- logical examination.After that,anesthesia was re-deepened and LMA was re-inserted until the whole surgery was accomplished.Results:Forty-six of 50 patients(92%)were successfully awakened and 4 (8%)failed to complete the intraoperative wake-up test because of dyspnea,over-sedation,or severe hy pertension.No severe complications occurred during the whole process.Conclusions:During the awake anesthetic period,the intraoperative wake-up test combined with navigation,evoked potential and ultra- sound techniques can help surgeons excise maximumly and precisely the brain tumors near to or in the functional areas.

Is decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction of any worth?

Objective: Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is characterized by mortality rate of up to 80%. The aim of this study was to determine the value of decompressive craniectomy in patients presenting malignant MCA infarction compared with those receiving medical treatment alone. Methods: Patients with malignant MCA infarction treated in our hospital between January 1996 and March 2004 were included in this retrospective analysis. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)was used to assess neurological status on admission and at one week after surgery. All patients were followed up for assessment of functional outcome by the Barthel index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (RS) at 3 months after infarction. Results: Ten out of 24patients underwent decompressive craniectomy. The mean interval between stroke onset and surgery was 62.10 h. The mortality was 10.0% compared with 64.2% in patients who received medical treatment alone (P<0.001). The mean NIHSS score before surgery was 26.0 and 15.4 after surgery (P<0.001). At follow up, patients who underwent surgery had significantly better outcome with mean BI of 53.3, RS of 3.3 as compared to only 16.0 and 4.60 in medically treated patients. Speech function also improved in patients with dominant hemispherical infarction. Conclusion: Decompressive craniectomy in patients with malignant MCA infarction improves both survival rates and functional outcomes compared with medical treatment alone. A randomized controlled trial is required to substantiate those findings.

Age-related effects of estrogen on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β mRNA in the ovariectomized (OVX) monkey hypothalamus

In the present study, we reported distribution of ERα and ER β mRNAs in the hypothalamus of young and old ovariectomized （OVX） rhesus macaques. The ERα were detected in all six major vestiblular nuclei which included arcuate nucleus （ARC） , paraventricularis nucleus （PVN） , periventricular nucleus （PeriV） , supraoptic nucleus （SON）, medial prioptic nucleus （MPN） and lateral hypotbalamus area （LHA）. However, the ERβ mRNA can also detected in those nuclei excerpt SON, but the signals of ERβ mRNA were weaker than those of ERα mRNA. We observed that the degree of expression of ERs mRNA were different in most nucleus of old and young monkeys. The ERα mRNAs were highly expressed in ARC and SON in young monkeys compared with old monkeys. Moderate amount of ERα mRNAs hybridization signals and weak signals were observed in LHA, and MPN both in young and old monkeys. In contrast, only lower level of ERα hybridization signal were observed in PVN and PeriV in young monkeys, and the signals of ERα were very low in those nucleus of old monkeys. In general, the expression of ERβ mRNA were weaker than that of ERα mRNA in above nucleus excerpt LHA. The relatively higher density of ERβ hybridization signals have been observed in the LHA in young monkey compared with old monkeys. Low amount of. ERβ mRNA hybridization signals were observed in the ARC, PVN and MPN, and no age differences were seen in PVN and MPN of those monkeys. In PeriV, we observed some signals in young monkey and a few signals in old monkeys. It was different from the rodent in which we did not found ERβ hybridization signal in SON. This study showed that both of the two estrogen receptors not only had the same pattern of expression but also had many different patterns of expression. The different expression of ERα and ERβ mRNAs in the young and old monkey brain may imply diverse functions in different regions of the monkey brain.

Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant neoplasm and frequently involves extrahepatic organs but decidedly rarely occurs in brain. We describe 3 cases of brain metastases in patients suffering from post-HBV hepatocarcinoma. The ＂stroke-like＂ presentation of the cerebral localization of the disease can be explained by both the important vascularization of the tumor and the frequent hemocoagulative alterations caused by the cirrhosis. The importance of diagnostic neuroradiology is briefly addressed, with reference to the fundamental role played by MRI. Surgery of these lesions does not present any particular technical problems as long as they are located in accessible areas and the patient＇s general and neurological conditions allow it. Postoperative radiotherapy seems to improve the quality and quantity of residual life, although the number of patients described in the literature was too small to draw any definite conclusion in this regard.

SUMMARY OF CLINICAL STUDY ON ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA FOR CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Objective: TO study clinical effect and anesthetic method of acupuncture anesthesia combined with epidural administration of small dose of anesthetic for cholecystectomy. Methods: A total of 194 cases of cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia group (group A, n = 66), acupoint-skin electrical stimulation combined with epidural anesthesia group (group B, n = 63) and simple epidural anesthesia group (group C, n=65). Observations were conducted using single-bland method. Bilateral Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) were punctured and stimulated electrically in group A and only stimulated electrically via cutaneous electrodes in group B. Epidural anesthetic used was 1.5% Lidocaine and the anesthetic level was controlled to reach T4-11 . Results: The class-I (excellent) rates of group A, B and C were 75.76%, 60.32% and 13.85% respectively, showing significant differences between group A and C and group B and C (P <0.001). The initial dose, doses of every hour and every case of group A and B were lower than those of group C. The dose of every hour of group C was 36.23% and 3. 75% higher then group A and B respectively (P < 0. 001), suggesting that acupuncture or acupoint-skin electrical stimulation could strengthen anesthetic effect and reduce the dose of epidural anesthetic. During operation, indexes of the life signs as HR, MAP, RR, TV, MV, SpO2 and ECG kept basically stable and all patients in group A passed surgical operation safely. Conclusion: Acupuncture or acupoint-skin electrical stimulation combined with epidural anesthesia can be used as one of the anesthetic methods for cholecystectomy.

An Ocular Artifacts Removal Method Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis and Two-Channel EEG Recordings

In order to more effectively apply an artifact removal melhod in an online brain-computer interface （BCI） system, a new method based on canonical correlation analysis （CCA） and two-channel eleetroeneephalography （EEG） recordings to quickly remove ocular artifacts （OA） is proposed in this paper. Considering both the formation of EEG signals contaminated by OA and the spread of OA, vertical electrooculo~＇aphy （VEOG） was appropriately introduced in CCA, and the blind source separation （BSS~ method based on CCA was used in a new way during the OA removal process. Both experimental and comparison with ICA and SOBI results show that the new method with simple calculation and fast processing speed can effectively separate and remove OA using only two-channel EEG recordings, with retaining useful EEG signals. Hence, this method used in an online BCI system will be more effective.

不良姿势是疾病之源

一位主妇因常年头痛到医院就诊,大夫认为这是因她平时说话做事爱低头猫腰引起的,于是让她平时抽空就拿一本书顶在头上来克制这种毛病。结果一个月以后,这位主妇的头痛病痊愈了。 除脑肿瘤导致的头痛外,其他一般性头痛可分为偏头痛和收缩性头痛两大类。偏头痛是指头的一侧跳痛,并伴随头痛前一侧视力视物不清;

Decompressive craniectomy or not： intraoperative experience in 41 patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Objective： To present our experience in using decompressive craniectomy （DC） among severe trau- matic brain injury （TBI） patients during operation and to discuss its indication. Methods： From October 2008 to May 2009, 41 patients aged between 18 and 75 years with severe TBI were in- cluded in this study. They underwent DC or non-DC （NDC） according to their intraoperative findings. Postoperative intracranial pressure （ICP）, complications, requiring second operation or not and outcomes were observed. Results： Fifteen patients underwent DC and 26 pa- tients did not. The average postoperative ICP of each pa- tient was lower than 20 mm Hg. For patients received DC, 2 had seizures after operation and 1 developed cerebrocele in the follow-up period; only matic seizures, but none of 1 NDC patient had post-trau- them had delayed haematoma, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, cerebrocele or infections. At the end of follow-up, 10 patients died, 6 had the GOS of 2, 2 of 3, 9 of 4 and 14of 5. Conclusions： DC is necessary to manage fulminant intracranial hypertension or intraoperative brain swelling. If there was not brain swelling after removal of the haematoma and necrotized neural tissues, it is safe to replace skull flap. The intraoperative finding is an important factor to decide whether to perform DC or not.

Efficacy of large decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury

Objective： To investigate the role of large decompres- sive craniectomy （LDC） in the management of severe and very severe traumatic brain injury （TBI） and compare it with routine decompressive craniectomy （RDC）. Methods： The clinical data of 263 patients with severe TBI （GCS^8） treated by either LDC or RDC in our department were studied retrospectively in this article. One hundred and thirty-five patients with severe TBI, including 54 patients with very severe TBI （GCS ≤ 5）, underwent LDC （LDC group）. The other 128 patients with severe TBI, including 49 patients with very severe TBI, underwent RDC （RDC group）. The treatment outcome and postoperative complications of the two treatment methods were compared and analyzed in a 6-month follow-up period. Results： Ninety-six patients （71.7 %） obtained satisfactory treatment outcome in the LDC group, while only 75 cases （58.6 %） obtained satisfactory outcome in the RDC group （P〈 0.05）. Moreover, the efficacy of LDC in treating very severe TBI was higher than that of RDC （63.0 % vs. 36.7 %, P 〈 0.01）. The chance of reoperation due to refractory intracranial pressure （ICP） in the LDC group was significantly lower than that of the RDC group （P 〈 0.05）, while the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and subdural effusion were significantly higher than those of the RDC group （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： LDC is superior to RDC in improving the treatment outcome of severe TBI, especially the very severe ones. LDC can also efficiently reduce the chances of reoperation due to refractory ICP. However, it increases the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and contralateral subdural effusion.

Correlation of MR imaging and histopathology after partial resection of normal rabbit brain

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the findings of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathology in early postoperative normal brain, and to define the correlation between MR images and histopathology. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0 to 3.0 kg were divided into 10 groups according to different postoperative days: 1 to 10 days. A partial resection of the parietooccipital region was performed under usual aseptic conditions after the animals were anesthetized intravenously with 3% pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). MR imaging procedures consisted of pre- and postcontrast scanning and were carried out on postoperative days 1 to 10. Brain tissue samples were prepared for examination immediately after MR scanning. Histopathological examination was done under light both and electron microscopes. The findings of MR imaging were compared with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Surgical margin contrast enhancement on MR images could be seen 24 hours after surgery. The degree of contrast enhancement increased gradually up to 5 days postoperation, and no remarkable changes were present from days 5 to 10. Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) was the main cause of contrast enhancement during the first 3 postoperative days. After that period, the mechanism responsible for contrast enhancement was the formation of neovascularity and a broken BBB. An increase in the amount of neovascularity played a predominant role in contrast enhancement in normal postoperative brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The features of enhanced MR images present at the surgical margin followed a typical time course during the early postoperative period. The role of neovascularity and BBB disruption in the formation of contrast enhancement at the surgical margin varies with time. Knowledge of the features of contrast enhancement in postoperative MR images of normal brain can help in differentiating benign changes from residual malignant glioma.

Complications induced by decompressive craniectomies after traumatic brain injury

Objective: To find out the optimal approach to decompress externally the severe injured brain and to avoid possible complications caused by external decompression. Methods: 68 patients who underwent external decompression after traumatic brain injury were admitted into Tianjin Medical University General Hospital for cranioplasty from 1995 to 2001. Complications were retrospectively investigated and analyzed in all patients. The findings were compared between the patients who accepted the decompressive craniectomy in our hospital and in local hospitals. χ 2-test was employed for statistical analysis and complication evaluation. Results: Large craniectomy definitely caused some side effects to patients. Among various complications, several of them showed significantly high incidence (P< 0.05) in patients who underwent the decompressive operation in local hospitals such as shunt-dependent hydrocephalous, subdural fluid collection, and CSF leakage from scalp incision. The rest of the complications had no remarkable difference (P> 0.05) between the two groups including dilation or/and migration of lateral ventricle underlying the cranial defect, skin flap concavity, encephalomalacia of the decompressive area, seizure and infection. Conclusions: To reduce the incidence of iatrogenic side effects, surgical craniectomy should be performed according to the strict indication and standard and any abuse should be avoided.