除草剂对燕麦产量及抗氧化特性的影响

试验采用单因素随机区组设计,对施用不同浓度仲丁灵和精异丙甲草胺除草剂的皮燕麦陇燕3号田间进行防效调查及燕麦种子产量测定,并进一步测定不同时期燕麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶的活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量,以探讨除草剂对燕麦生理特性的影响。结果表明,在除草剂适宜浓度范围内,高浓度除草剂对杂草的防效较好;与对照相比,除草剂处理对燕麦籽粒产量均有增产作用,最高增幅达30.7%。不同生长期的燕麦受到除草剂胁迫后,叶片MDA含量逐渐上升,且抗氧化酶活性均高于对照;随着除草剂浓度的升高,燕麦叶片各种酶活性受到不同程度的抑制。在试验期内,POD活性的变化与SOD相似,即随着燕麦生育期的推进,呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。CAT活性较为稳定,呈现先降低,再升高的变化。两种除草剂中,精异丙甲草胺对杂草的防效和增产作用均优于仲丁灵,且对燕麦叶片各种酶活影响较小,适宜在皮燕麦田应用。

3种土壤处理除草剂对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的安全性评价

为了评价3种常用土壤除草剂对棉花的安全性,采用滤纸法对棉花的根和茎进行测定,结果表明:二甲戊灵处理的5个浓度的棉花种子出苗率均为100%。乙氧氟草醚处理的棉花种子随着浓度的增加出苗率依次为100%、100%、80%、70%和50%;精异丙甲草胺处理的棉花种子随着浓度的增加出苗率依次为100%、90%、80%、60%和40%;3种除草剂的药效均随药剂浓度的增加而增加,其对棉花种子的萌发影响依次为精异丙甲草胺>乙氧氟草醚>二甲戊灵。

基因枪转化光温敏雄性不育小麦受体的选择与培养条件优化

为了选择适宜的基因枪转化光温敏雄性不育小麦的受体,并对幼胚组织培养条件进行优化,以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS210、BS366以及常规品种京411的幼胚为材料,分别对碳源、除草剂浓度和基因型进行筛选。结果表明,在以蔗糖和麦芽糖为碳源的诱导培养基上,幼胚的出愈率差异不显著;在以蔗糖和麦芽糖为碳源的分化培养基上,愈伤组织的分化率差异显著,其中添加麦芽糖的培养基上分化率较高;在对轰击过bar基因的幼胚愈伤组织进行筛选时,除草剂Biolaphos的最适浓度为2 mg/L。3个受体材料离体培养过程中出苗率差异显著,其中BS210出苗率高,是较优良的转化受体,为今后利用转基因技术改良光温敏雄性不育小麦奠定了基础。

Screening of Commercial Herbicides for Controlling Algae Growth in Aquarium

This study was conducted to screen the commercial herbicides for algae control in the aquarium. Three herbicides of ametryn, atrazine and metribuzine were tested at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.00 ppm. It is found that ametryn was the most effective herbicide that inhibited algal growth. Ametryn concentration that caused 50% inhibition on algae growth after exposure for 21 days was 0.335 ppm. Survival rate of oruamental fish, Harlequin rasbora （Trigonostigma heteromorpha） and growth rate of aquatic plant （Elodea canadensis） exposed to 10 ppm ametryn were compared with those exposed to algaecide. The result showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate of Harlequin rasbora when exposed to ametryn, algaecide and dechlorinized tap water （control）. However, growth rate of E. canadensis was lower after exposure of ametryn compared to those exposed to algaecide and tap water. These results suggest that ametryn has potential to be used as an algal inhibitor in aquarium.