Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)has been a focus of medical research for more than 100 years,with significant interest emerging over the last 58 years following the identification of the link between the disease and Epst...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)has been a focus of medical research for more than 100 years,with significant interest emerging over the last 58 years following the identification of the link between the disease and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.NPC possesses several distinctive characteristics among human cancers,notably its well-documented global epidemiology,which reveals localized high-incidence regions primarily in Southeast Asia,particularly in the Southern provinces of China near the Pearl river,as well as in Greenland and North Africa.Epidemiological data indicate a marked male predominance,early disease onset,and a nearly 100%prevalence of latent EBV infection in the tumors.Due to lack of consistent pattern of cancer-related mutations in NPC genomes and excessive DNA-methylation in the tumor cells,NPC can be considered"an epigenetic cancer".Despite extensive researches,convincing biological explanations for these unique characteristics remain elusive.Recently,suggestive evidence has been published that specific local variants of EBV may represent major high risk factors.In spite of tumor and virus specific immunity,it has not been possible to use this for improved treatment.Ongoing studies on the role of the local microflora and tumor microenvironment are essential for a comprehensive understanding of host-EBV-tumor interactions.Ultimately,this knowledge aims to enhance diagnosis,disease fractionation,treatment strategies,and potentially prevention of NPC.展开更多
A new process for utilization of hazardous lead-bearing wastes and iron-rich wastes by reducing-matting smelting has been developed.The slag(SG) and the iron-rich matte(IRM) are the main by-products from reducing-...A new process for utilization of hazardous lead-bearing wastes and iron-rich wastes by reducing-matting smelting has been developed.The slag(SG) and the iron-rich matte(IRM) are the main by-products from reducing-matting smelting of lead-bearing wastes and iron-rich wastes.The environmental risk of heavy metals(Cd,Zn,Pb and As) in the main by-products versus the charging material for reducing-matting smelting(CM) has been systematically assessed using leaching toxicity test,the three-stage sequential extraction procedure of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method(PERI).The results demonstrate that the ecological risk level of heavy metals for SG and IRM is significantly reduced after the reducing-matting smelting process compared with that for CM.展开更多
The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facili...The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facilitate decision-making for the development of a coastal zone and establishment of economic policy on coastal zone management. In this study, the ecological effect of the environmental risk of a chemical spill in the Haicang chemical industrial park in Xiamen was identified, after which its impact was forecasted and its ecological damage value was assessed. The information generated in this study will be useful in future studies evaluating marine ecological compensation based on environmental risk analysis.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research application of revised puff trajectory model in atmospheric environmental risks simulation.[Method] In the research,theory of puff trajectory model for pollution diffusion in atmosp...[Objective] The aim was to research application of revised puff trajectory model in atmospheric environmental risks simulation.[Method] In the research,theory of puff trajectory model for pollution diffusion in atmosphere in urban areas was analyzed and CALPUFF,a revised puff trajectory model,was applied in prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City.[Result] The simple puff trajectory model can not be applied for long-distance transport or in complex terrain and airflow field.In contrast,CALPUFF would be applied in urban areas,and complex terrain or underlying surface.With high resolution ratio,it would depict the beginning condition and detailed distribution of pollutants transport and diffusion.For prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City,northwest wind dominated in Huangshui Valley;north wind dominated in Beichuan Valley;temperature inversion occurred at high altitude.These had a significant effect on the downwind direction in Xining urban district.The simulation results indicated that puffs usually spread along Huangshui Valley and some non-steady phenomena occurred,such as blocking effect by mountains,deformation of puff by airflow field in ridges and influence of valley wind.[Conclusion] The research is of significance for precise prediction on characters,influence and extent of atmospheric environmental risks in cities.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium and lead in typical paddy soils of Jiangxi Province. [Method] Gleyed paddy soil and waterloggogenic paddy soil were ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium and lead in typical paddy soils of Jiangxi Province. [Method] Gleyed paddy soil and waterloggogenic paddy soil were collected from Jiangxi Province and used as experimental materials to investigate single and com- petitive adsorption and desorption behaviors of cadmium and lead by batch equilib- rium method. The environmental risk of the presence of cadmium and lead in paddy soils was assessed using distribution coefficients. [Result] Under equal ratio condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of lead by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of cadmium, and the adsorption rate in waterloggogenic paddy soil was higher than that in gleyed paddy soil. The desorption capacity of cadmium by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of lead, and the desorption rate in gleyed paddy soil was higher than that in waterloggogenic paddy soil. Under competitive condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of cadmium and lead by paddy soils was significantly reduced compared with single ion system, while the desorption rate was remarkably improved. The potential environmental risk of cadmium contamination was greater than that of lead in paddy soils. Moreover, environmental risks of cadmium and lead were reduced with the increase of pH, which increased significantly under the coex- istence state. [Conclusion] In the coexistence of cadmium and lead, cadmium con- tamination should be controlled and avoided compared with lead contamination in paddy soils.展开更多
拓荒时代(The frontier time)不仅使美国中西部地区得以迅速发展,拓荒者们还创造了英浯中大量的生动词语,这些词语今天仍然被广泛地使用着。下面略举数例。1.pull up stakes当年人们纷纷离开美国东部的家园,到未开发的中西部去寻求更美...拓荒时代(The frontier time)不仅使美国中西部地区得以迅速发展,拓荒者们还创造了英浯中大量的生动词语,这些词语今天仍然被广泛地使用着。下面略举数例。1.pull up stakes当年人们纷纷离开美国东部的家园,到未开发的中西部去寻求更美好的生活。在出发之前,这些拓荒者们会变卖或赠送掉诸如房屋或土地之类所有搬运马车拉不走的东西。他们拔出那些曾被钉入地下用来立界的木棍或木桩(They would pull up the wooden sticks or stakes they had driven展开更多
古人曰:文武之道,一张一弛。生活需要娱乐,毫无疑问,垂钓(gonngling)也是一种娱乐。钓鱼需要准备渔具(fishing tackle):钓竿(fishing rod)、钓丝(fishing line)、钓钩(fish-hook)及钓饵(bait),有时还需准备个铅锤(sinker),以便钓丝能沉...古人曰:文武之道,一张一弛。生活需要娱乐,毫无疑问,垂钓(gonngling)也是一种娱乐。钓鱼需要准备渔具(fishing tackle):钓竿(fishing rod)、钓丝(fishing line)、钓钩(fish-hook)及钓饵(bait),有时还需准备个铅锤(sinker),以便钓丝能沉入水中。备好渔具,挑个风和日丽的口子,就可去海边或湖边钓鱼了。这又分两种:用线钓鱼(line fishing)和用网捕鱼(net fishing)。用钓丝钓鱼的人被称为 angler,用网捕鱼的人则为 fisherman。用钓丝钓鱼时,先需将饵料置于钓钩上,然后将钓竿放进水里,鱼从水底浮上来,游到有食饵的地方,英语为 rise to the bait。如:I could seethe fish on the bottom of thc riverk,but none of them would rise to the bait.展开更多
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)has been a focus of medical research for more than 100 years,with significant interest emerging over the last 58 years following the identification of the link between the disease and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.NPC possesses several distinctive characteristics among human cancers,notably its well-documented global epidemiology,which reveals localized high-incidence regions primarily in Southeast Asia,particularly in the Southern provinces of China near the Pearl river,as well as in Greenland and North Africa.Epidemiological data indicate a marked male predominance,early disease onset,and a nearly 100%prevalence of latent EBV infection in the tumors.Due to lack of consistent pattern of cancer-related mutations in NPC genomes and excessive DNA-methylation in the tumor cells,NPC can be considered"an epigenetic cancer".Despite extensive researches,convincing biological explanations for these unique characteristics remain elusive.Recently,suggestive evidence has been published that specific local variants of EBV may represent major high risk factors.In spite of tumor and virus specific immunity,it has not been possible to use this for improved treatment.Ongoing studies on the role of the local microflora and tumor microenvironment are essential for a comprehensive understanding of host-EBV-tumor interactions.Ultimately,this knowledge aims to enhance diagnosis,disease fractionation,treatment strategies,and potentially prevention of NPC.
基金Project(2012BAC12B02)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of ChinaProject(2014FJ1011)supported by the Key Projects of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2011AA061001)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘A new process for utilization of hazardous lead-bearing wastes and iron-rich wastes by reducing-matting smelting has been developed.The slag(SG) and the iron-rich matte(IRM) are the main by-products from reducing-matting smelting of lead-bearing wastes and iron-rich wastes.The environmental risk of heavy metals(Cd,Zn,Pb and As) in the main by-products versus the charging material for reducing-matting smelting(CM) has been systematically assessed using leaching toxicity test,the three-stage sequential extraction procedure of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) and Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index Method(PERI).The results demonstrate that the ecological risk level of heavy metals for SG and IRM is significantly reduced after the reducing-matting smelting process compared with that for CM.
基金supported by Marine Science Fund of SOA for Young Scholars (No.2008121)
文摘The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facilitate decision-making for the development of a coastal zone and establishment of economic policy on coastal zone management. In this study, the ecological effect of the environmental risk of a chemical spill in the Haicang chemical industrial park in Xiamen was identified, after which its impact was forecasted and its ecological damage value was assessed. The information generated in this study will be useful in future studies evaluating marine ecological compensation based on environmental risk analysis.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research application of revised puff trajectory model in atmospheric environmental risks simulation.[Method] In the research,theory of puff trajectory model for pollution diffusion in atmosphere in urban areas was analyzed and CALPUFF,a revised puff trajectory model,was applied in prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City.[Result] The simple puff trajectory model can not be applied for long-distance transport or in complex terrain and airflow field.In contrast,CALPUFF would be applied in urban areas,and complex terrain or underlying surface.With high resolution ratio,it would depict the beginning condition and detailed distribution of pollutants transport and diffusion.For prediction on atmospheric environmental risks in Xining City,northwest wind dominated in Huangshui Valley;north wind dominated in Beichuan Valley;temperature inversion occurred at high altitude.These had a significant effect on the downwind direction in Xining urban district.The simulation results indicated that puffs usually spread along Huangshui Valley and some non-steady phenomena occurred,such as blocking effect by mountains,deformation of puff by airflow field in ridges and influence of valley wind.[Conclusion] The research is of significance for precise prediction on characters,influence and extent of atmospheric environmental risks in cities.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department(GJJ14289)Science and Technology Research Project of Environmental Protection Department of Jiangxi Province(JXHBKJ2013-4)Special Fund for Visiting Scholars from the Development Program for Middle-aged and Young Teachers in Colleges of Jiangxi Province(GJGH[2014]N0.15)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium and lead in typical paddy soils of Jiangxi Province. [Method] Gleyed paddy soil and waterloggogenic paddy soil were collected from Jiangxi Province and used as experimental materials to investigate single and com- petitive adsorption and desorption behaviors of cadmium and lead by batch equilib- rium method. The environmental risk of the presence of cadmium and lead in paddy soils was assessed using distribution coefficients. [Result] Under equal ratio condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of lead by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of cadmium, and the adsorption rate in waterloggogenic paddy soil was higher than that in gleyed paddy soil. The desorption capacity of cadmium by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of lead, and the desorption rate in gleyed paddy soil was higher than that in waterloggogenic paddy soil. Under competitive condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of cadmium and lead by paddy soils was significantly reduced compared with single ion system, while the desorption rate was remarkably improved. The potential environmental risk of cadmium contamination was greater than that of lead in paddy soils. Moreover, environmental risks of cadmium and lead were reduced with the increase of pH, which increased significantly under the coex- istence state. [Conclusion] In the coexistence of cadmium and lead, cadmium con- tamination should be controlled and avoided compared with lead contamination in paddy soils.
文摘拓荒时代(The frontier time)不仅使美国中西部地区得以迅速发展,拓荒者们还创造了英浯中大量的生动词语,这些词语今天仍然被广泛地使用着。下面略举数例。1.pull up stakes当年人们纷纷离开美国东部的家园,到未开发的中西部去寻求更美好的生活。在出发之前,这些拓荒者们会变卖或赠送掉诸如房屋或土地之类所有搬运马车拉不走的东西。他们拔出那些曾被钉入地下用来立界的木棍或木桩(They would pull up the wooden sticks or stakes they had driven
文摘古人曰:文武之道,一张一弛。生活需要娱乐,毫无疑问,垂钓(gonngling)也是一种娱乐。钓鱼需要准备渔具(fishing tackle):钓竿(fishing rod)、钓丝(fishing line)、钓钩(fish-hook)及钓饵(bait),有时还需准备个铅锤(sinker),以便钓丝能沉入水中。备好渔具,挑个风和日丽的口子,就可去海边或湖边钓鱼了。这又分两种:用线钓鱼(line fishing)和用网捕鱼(net fishing)。用钓丝钓鱼的人被称为 angler,用网捕鱼的人则为 fisherman。用钓丝钓鱼时,先需将饵料置于钓钩上,然后将钓竿放进水里,鱼从水底浮上来,游到有食饵的地方,英语为 rise to the bait。如:I could seethe fish on the bottom of thc riverk,but none of them would rise to the bait.