DSC单峰法分析有机结晶物质纯度的评述

对测定有机结晶物质纯度的DSC单峰法进行了评述,从原理层面阐述了DSC法测定时被测样品的基本条件,分析了动态DSC测定法和上述基本条件衔接中存在的问题及在实践中DSC测定法的可靠性,探讨了在数据处理过程中存在的问题。陈群-顾浩经验公式综合考虑了样品整体熔化过程中热效应重叠的熔融吸热峰面积的再分配问题,避免了传统方法对熔化早期阶段无法确认而进行面积补偿带来的结果不准确性,可用于快速、准确测定有机结晶物质的纯度。

魏明帝与司马懿关系考论——兼及魏明帝朝的政治

司马懿是魏文帝临终前委任的四位辅政大臣之一。魏明帝即位后,将司马懿从朝中派往荆州御敌,后委以方任,这样他不再能直接参与朝中事务。曹真病逝前,魏明帝将司马懿调到西线抵御诸葛亮的北伐。公孙渊拥兵反叛后,魏明帝又派司马懿远征辽东,并对司马懿统兵作战表现出相当的信任。魏明帝临终前委任的辅政大臣中本来没有司马懿,说明他对后者在政治上并不完全信任,但病中的他后来听信刘放、孙资的话,最终让司马懿与曹爽一同辅政。在魏明帝朝中,陈群与陈矫掌握实权并得到皇帝的信任,而他们对司马懿的态度耐人寻味。总体说来,魏明帝对司马懿可谓能用之于外而不会亲近之。至于司马懿对魏明帝的态度,可说是"饰忠于已诈之心",并通过在外尽力国事以逐步巩固自己的声望。

往來酬唱君臣情——兼记钱陈群进乾隆的两方印章

乾隆帝承續了康熙、雍正創立的較為安定的社會環境,使他有餘力把更多的精力投入到中國傳統文化的研習上。加之他喜歡詩文書畫,所以,他“不僅尊重學者,也同樣惠及當代的藝術家和文學家”。(《清代名人傳記》)錢陳群便是得此殊榮中的一個。 錢陳群(1686.7.19～1774.2.17),字主敬,又字集齋,號香樹、柘南居士、修亭,浙江嘉興人。

TOPOLOGY OF CONFIGURATION SPACE FOR A THREE-BODY PROBLEM

A mechanics system consisting of three mass points on sphere S 2 is considered. The configuration space of the system is a fibre bundle over S 2 . It is proved that first Chern class of the bundle is -2 c 1(γ) where γ is the canonical line bundle over the complex projective space CP 1=S 2 , which shows the bundle is non trivial. The information about the first Chern class makes the cohomology groups and homotopy groups of the configuration space worked out. In addition the effects of these topolo gical properties of the configuration space on the behavior in large scale of the system, as the number of equilibrium positions, periodic orbits and reduced phase space, are discussed.

司马懿崛起之路试析

魏武帝曹操时期,司马懿初步奠定了其政治地位;魏文帝即位之后,作为"太子四友"之一的司马懿得到重用并稳步进入权力中心;魏明帝时期,司马懿在展现自身谋略和军事才能的同时,利用明帝与其他辅政大臣的矛盾,再受顾托,与曹爽夹辅王室,从而形成代魏成晋的政治格局。

试析魏晋时期肉刑存废问题的争论

肉刑是一种野蛮的刑罚手段,随着时代的发展必然会退出历史舞台。在汉文帝废除肉刑之后,三国两晋时期关于肉刑存废的争议屡见不鲜。本文试图从历史角度揭示该时期争论的根源,即人口的极大减耗及世族豪强的利益。

陈群与泽存书库

陈群(1890～1945),字人鹤,福建长汀人。早年留学日本,追随孙中山,曾任国民政府要职。抗日战争爆发后,参加"维新政府",后又任汪伪政府内政部长、江苏省长等职,日本投降后,服毒自尽。然而,陈群酷爱藏书,建有"泽存书库",几处藏书总数不下七十万册。泽存书库为南京图书馆的丰富藏书奠定了基础。

Intrahepatic vascular changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: potential role of insulin-resistance and endothelial dysfunction

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several clinical conditions characterized by insulin-resistance and high cardiovascular risk. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the liver expression of the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance can be a frequent comorbidity in several chronic liver diseases, in particular hepatitis C virus infection and/or cirrhosis. Several studies have demonstrated that insulin action is not only relevant for glucose control, but also for vascular homeostasis. Insulin regulates nitric oxide production, which mediates to a large degree the vasodilating, antiinflammatory and antithrombotic properties of a healthy endothelium, guaranteeing organ perfusion. The effects of insulin on the liver microvasculature and the effects of IR on sinusoidal endothelial cells have been studied in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The hypotheses derived from these studies and the potential translation of these results into humans are critically discussed in this review.

华骐环保 举办学习贯彻党的二十大精神宣讲会

近日,中国环境保护产业协会会员单位——华骐环保党支部组织学习贯彻党的二十大精神宣讲会。马鞍山市青联副主席、市青年讲师团团长、市委党校副教授陈群祥受邀作主题宣讲报告。马鞍山市经开区党工委委员、副主任钱红梅、党建指导员郭幼兰,华骐环保公司高管、公司党支部党员、入党积极分子等参加宣讲会。陈群祥作了题为《全面深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神》的专题分享,阐述了党的二十大的主题、主要成果。

Clinical features and natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis compared to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis

To characterize natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) and compare its clinical features and outcomes to those of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis.METHODSA prospective cohort of 102 consecutive patients at their first diagnosis of CC were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and outcomes were compared to an age- and Child-Pugh class-matched cohort of 110 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, ultrasound/endoscopic parameters and, whenever possible, on histological grounds and transient elastography. All cases of cirrhosis without a definite etiology were enrolled in the CC group. The parameters assessed were: (1) severity of liver disease at the time of first diagnosis; (2) liver decompensation during follow-up; (3) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (4) orthotopic liver transplantation; and (5) death. The independent associated factors were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis, and survival and its determinants by the Kaplan-Meier model, log-rank test and Cox regression.RESULTSAt the first observation, median age was 66 and 65 years and male gender was 36% and 58% for CC and HCV cirrhosis, respectively. CC showed Child-Pugh class A/B/C of 47%/31%/22%, respectively. Compared to HCV cirrhosis, CC exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (12% vs 54%, respectively), overweight/obesity, high BMI, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular diseases, extrahepatic cancer, and gallstones. Over a median period of 42 mo of follow-up, liver decompensation, HCC development and death for CC and HCV-related cirrhosis were 60.8%, and 54.4%, 16.7% and 17.2%, 39.2% and 30%, respectively. The median survival was 60 mo for CC. Independent predictors of death were age and Child-Pugh class at diagnosis. CC showed an approximately twofold higher incidence of HCC in Child-Pugh class A.CONCLUSIONUndiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has an etiologic role in CC that is associated with a poor prognosis, early HCC development, high risk of cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancer.

Warm ischemia time and elevated serum uric acid are associated with metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation with donation after cardiac death

AIM To describe the prevalence of posttransplant metabolic syndrome(PTMS) after donation after cardiac death(DCD) liver transplantation(LT) and the pre-and postoperative risk factors.METHODS One hundred and forty-seven subjects who underwent DCD LT from January 2012 to February 2016 were enrolled in this study. The demographics and the clinical characteristics of pre-and post-transplantation were collected for both recipients and donors. PTMS was defined according to the 2004 Adult Treatment Panel-Ⅲ criteria. All subjects were followed monthly for the initial 6 mo after discharge, and then, every 3 mo for 2 years. The subjects were followed every 6 mo or as required after 2 years post-LT.RESULTS The prevalence of PTMS after DCD donor orthotopic LT was 20/147(13.6%). Recipient's body mass index(P = 0.024), warm ischemia time(WIT)(P = 0.045), and posttransplant hyperuricemia(P = 0.001) were significantly associated with PTMS. The change in serum uric acid levels in PTMS patients was significantly higher than that in non-PTMS patients(P < 0.001). After the 1 s t mo, the level of serum uric acid of PTMS patients rose continually over a period, while it was unaltered in non-PTMS patients. After transplantation, the level of serum uric acid in PTMS patients was not associated with renal function.CONCLUSION PTMS could occur at early stage after DCD LT with growing morbidity with the passage of time. WIT and post-LT hyperuricemia are associated with the prevalence of PTMS. An increased serum uric acid level is highly associated with PTMS and could act as a serum marker in this disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-A multisystem disease?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the most common comorbidities associated with overweight and metabolic syndrome(Met S). Importantly, NAFLD is one of its most dangerous complications because it can lead to severe liver pathologies, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatic cellular carcinoma. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease and therefore is a major global health problem. Currently, NAFLD is predominantly regarded as a hepatic manifestation of Met S. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the effects of NAFLD extend beyond the liver and are negatively associated with a range of chronic diseases, most notably cardiovascular disease(CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM) and chronic kidney disease(CKD). It is becoming increasingly clear that these diseases are the result of the same underlying pathophysiological processes associated with Met S, such as insulin resistance, chronic systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. As a result, they have been shown to be independent reciprocal risk factors. In addition, recent data have shown that NAFLD actively contributes to aggravation of the pathophysiology of CVD, T2 DM, and CKD, as well as several other pathologies. Thus, NAFLD is a direct cause of many chronic diseases associated with MetS, and better detection and treatment of fatty liver disease is therefore urgently needed. As non-invasive screening methods for liver disease become increasingly available, detection and treatment of NAFLD in patients with MetS should therefore be considered by both(sub-) specialists and primary care physicians.

Effect of a counseling-supported treatment with the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on the severity of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To determine the clinical effectiveness of nutritional counseling on reduction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) severity, weight loss, metabolic and anthropometric indexes and liver enzymes.METHODS Forty-six adults with NAFLD received a 6-mo clinical and a dietary intervention(based on Mediterranean diet) carried out respectively by a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist with counseling license. The counseling process consisted of monthly meeting(about 45 min each). The effect of the treatment was evaluated monitoring liver enzymes, metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk indexes, NAFLD severity [assessed by ultrasound(US)] and related indexes. All parameters were assessed at baseline. Biochemistry was also assessed at mid-and end-interventions and US was repeated at end-intervention.RESULTS The percentage of patients with steatosis grade equal or higher than 2 was reduced from 93% to 48% and steatosis regressed in 9 patients(20%). At the end of the treatment the end-point concerning the weight(i.e., a 7% weight reduction or achievement/maintenance of normal weight) was accomplished by 25 out of 46 patients(i.e., 54.3%). As far as the liver enzymes is concerned, all three liver enzymes significantly decrease during the treatment the normalization was particularly evident for the ALT enzyme(altered values reduced from 67% down to 11%). Several parameters, i.e., BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, AST, ALT, GGT, HDL, serum glucose, Tot-Chol/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, AIP, HOMA, FLI, Kotronen index, VAI, NAFLD liver fat score and LAP, showed a significant improvement(P < 0.01) between baseline and end-treatment.CONCLUSION Outcomes of this study further strengthen the hypothesis that Med Diet and more active lifestyle can be considered a safe therapeutic approach for reducing risk and severity of NAFLD and related disease states. The proposed approach may be proposed as a valid and recommended approach for improving the clinical profile of NAFLD patients.

Genotype specific peripheral lipid profile changes with hepatitis C therapy

AIM To evaluate magnitude/direction of changes in peripheral lipid profiles in patients undergoing direct acting therapy for hepatitis C by genotype.METHODS Mono-infected patients with hepatitis C were treated with guideline-based DAAs at a university-based liver clinic. Patient characteristics and laboratory values were collected before and after the treatment period. Baseline demographics included age, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, treatment regimen, and fibrosis stage. Total cholesterol(TCHOL), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), triglycerides(TG), and liver function tests were measured prior to treatment and ETR. Changes in lipid and liver function were evaluated by subgroups with respect to genotype. Mean differences were calculated for each lipid profile and liver function component(direction/magnitude). The mean differences in lipid profiles were then compared between genotypes for differences in direction/magnitude. Lipid profile and liver function changes were evaluated with Levene's test and student's t test. Mean differences in lipid profiles were compared between genotypes using ANOVA, post hoc analysis via the Bonferroni correction or Dunnett T3.RESULTS Three hundred and seventy five patients enrolled with 321(85.6%) achieving sustained-viral response at 12 wk. 72.3% were genotype 1(GT1), 18.1% genotype 2(GT2), 9.7% genotype 3(GT3). Baseline demographics were similar. Significant change in lipid profiles were seen with GT1 and GT3(ΔGT1, p and ΔGT3, p), with TCHOL increasing(+5.3, P = 0.005 and +16.1, P < 0.001), HDL increasing(+12.5, P < 0.001 and +7.9, P = 0.038), LDL increasing(+7.4, P = 0.058 and +12.5, P < 0.001), and TG decreasing(-5.9, P = 0.044 and-9.80 P = 0.067). Among genotypes(ΔGT1 v. ΔGT2 v. ΔGT3, ANOVA), significant mean differences were seen with TCHOL(+5.3 v. +0.1 v. +16.1, P = 0.017) and HDL(+12.3 v. +2 v. +7.9, P = 0.040). Post-hoc, GT3 was associated with a greater increase in TCHOL than GT1 and GT2(P = 0.028 and P = 0.019).CONCLUSION Successful DAA therapy results in increases in TCHOL, LDL, and HDL and decrease in TG, particularly in GT1/GT3. Changes are most pronounced in GT3.

Role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on intestinal permeability and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.

Metabolic and Phylogenetic Profile of Bacterial Community in Guishan Coastal Water(Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water(Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea, at 12 sites(S1–S12) were explored by community-level physiological profiling(CLPP) with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE). Our results showed that the core mariculture area(S6, S7 and S8) and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge(S11 and S12) had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others(S1–5, S9–10). Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data(H >3.2) was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.

On fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds In memory of the centenary birthday of Professor S.S.Chern

In this paper,we study the growth of fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds.Some relationships between the growth of fundamental groups and the volume growth of universal covers of Finsler manifolds are found.Some estimates of entropies and the number of generators of fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds are given.Moreover,the quasi-isometry and the geometric norm in Finsler geometry are considered.

The potential of natural products for targeting PPARα

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPARs) α,-γ and-β/δ are ligand-activated transcription factors and members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor. These receptors play key roles in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. PPARs constitute a recognized druggable target and indeed several classes of drugs used in the treatment of metabolic disease symptoms, such as dyslipidemia(fibrates, e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes(thiazolidinediones, e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) are ligands for the various PPAR isoforms. More precisely, antidiabetic thiazolidinediones act on PPARγ, while PPARα is the main molecular target of antidyslipidemic fibrates. Over the past few years, our understanding of the mechanism underlying the PPAR modulation of gene expression has greatly increased. This review presents a survey on terrestrial and marine natural products modulating the PPARα system with the objective of highlighting how the incredible chemodiversity of natural products can provide innovative leads for this "hot" target.

汪伪政权唯一的殉葬者陈群

历史上每逢改朝换代,总有一批孤臣孽子,自杀殉葬。汪伪政权不能算个朝代,但毕竟也有六年过程,但垮台后为其殉葬自尽的,权贵中只有陈群一人。在民国史上,陈群也算是个小小的人物。尤其是"四·一二"反革命屠杀中,他双手沾满了共产党人的鲜血,后来又当了开山鼻祖的大汉奸。因此,在历史上他是少有的反面教员。现在将陈群的劣迹及他自杀的经过,扼要作一介绍,使读者看看他的丑恶嘴脸。