导电蒙脱石基陶瓷/碳复合材料的制备与性能

针对陶瓷材料结构-功能一体化,提出先以蒙脱石为模板,葡萄糖为碳源,采用溶液吸附的方法制备蒙脱石-葡萄糖;然后调控葡萄糖溶液的浓度,热压烧结蒙脱石-葡萄糖得到蒙脱石基陶瓷/碳复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲测试和扫描电镜等研究蒙脱石中葡萄糖的含量对陶瓷/碳复合材料的气孔率、力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明:蒙脱石吸附的葡萄糖在热压过程中原位碳化,增加了陶瓷/碳复合材料的显气孔率,导致弯曲强度和断裂韧性降低,但显著提高了陶瓷/碳复合材料的电导率。当葡萄糖溶液的质量分数为10%时,陶瓷/碳复合材料的碳质量分数为7.62%,电导率达到0.523S·m^(-1)。蒙脱石表面和层间的葡萄糖原位碳化,形成导电网络,促进了载流子的有效传递。在26.5~40 GHz频率范围内,获得的陶瓷/碳(碳质量分数为7.62%)最佳反射损耗为-41.35 dB,具有良好的吸波性能。

水热-热压耦合法制备陶瓷/碳复合材料及其性能研究

以埃洛石为模板、壳聚糖为碳源,通过水热制备埃洛石/碳;调控两者的质量比,热压得到陶瓷/碳复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲测试和扫描电镜等研究埃洛石表面碳质量分数对复合材料的致密度、力学和导电性能的影响。结果表明,碳在热压中进一步碳化,埃洛石转变为莫来石,复合材料中碳均匀分布;随着埃洛石表面碳质量分数的增加,复合材料内部微裂纹增多,弯曲强度逐渐降低,但少量碳的添加增加了陶瓷的断裂韧性;当m(埃洛石)∶m(壳聚糖)为8时,复合材料的断裂韧性最高,比不添加碳的陶瓷提高了12.93%;当m(埃洛石)∶m(壳聚糖)为2时,复合材料的电导率最高,达到23.15 S/m。

铝柱撑蒙脱石基陶瓷/碳复合材料的制备及其性能

以铝柱撑蒙脱石为模板、壳聚糖为碳源,采用水热法制备铝柱撑蒙脱石/碳纳米复合材料,然后热压得到铝柱撑蒙脱石基陶瓷/碳复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、万能材料试验机和矢量网络分析仪等研究了碳含量对复合材料的致密度、力学、导电性能和吸波性能的影响。结果表明:铝柱撑蒙脱石/碳经热压烧结转变为莫来石/碳陶瓷材料,碳在热压中进一步石墨化,碳的引入提高了复合材料的导电性和韧性,同时在材料内部形成了大量界面极化,增强了复合材料的介电损耗,使陶瓷材料由透波体转化为电磁波吸收材料。随着铝柱撑蒙脱石中碳质量分数的进一步增加,复合材料内部微裂纹增多,弯曲强度逐渐降低。在1 300℃、20 MPa、保温120 min的条件下进行热压烧结,蒙脱石与壳聚糖质量比为32:1时,复合材料的断裂韧性最高,比不添加碳的陶瓷提高了11.41%;当蒙脱石与壳聚糖质量比为4:1时,复合材料的电导率最高,达到17.53 S·m^(–1)。吸波性能测试模拟计算结果表明:所得材料在涂层厚度为1.4 mm时,最小反射损耗RL值达到–44.93 dB;当涂层厚度为1.6 mm时,最小R_(L)值为–36.28 dB,有效吸收带宽为5.0 GHz。

Influence of pyrolysis temperature on structure and dielectric properties of polycarbosilane derived silicon carbide ceramic

β-SiC ceramic powders were obtained by pyrolyzing polycarbosilane in vacuum at 800-1200 °C. The β-SiC ceramic powders were characterized by TGA/DSC, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of β-SiC ceramic powders were investigated by measuring their complex permittivity by rectangle wave guide method in the frequency range of 8.2-18 GHz. The results show that both real part ε′ and imaginary part ε″ of complex permittivity increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The mechanism was proposed that order carbon formed at high temperature resulted in electron relaxation polarization and conductance loss, which contributes to the increase in complex permittivity.

碳/碳/Al_2O_3陶瓷功能梯度材料的制备与研究

从功能梯度材料的原材料的筛选、制备工艺路线的确定出发,对碳/碳/Al2O3陶瓷功能梯度材料的组分分布、微观结构、烧蚀性能及热学性能进行了研究。从试样内表面向外表面,基体碳含量从88%变化到近乎为15%,而Al2O3陶瓷含量从12%变化到85%左右。材料内表面氧-乙炔烧蚀率为0.012nn/s,这表现为碳/碳材料的特性。材料外表面的导热系数达到0.86W/m·K(25oC),表现为良好的隔热效果。

Preparation and properties of porous silicon carbide ceramics through coat-mix and composite additives process

The core-shell structure silicon-resin precursor powders were synthesized through coat-mix process and addition of Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 composite additives.A series of porous silicon carbide ceramics were produced after molding,carbonization and sintering.The phase,morphology,porosity,thermal conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,and thermal shock resistance were analyzed.The results show that porous silicon carbide ceramics can be produced at low temperature.The grain size of porous silicon carbide ceramic is small,and the thermal conductivity is enhanced significantly.Composite additives also improve the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics.The bending strength loss rate after 30 times of thermal shock test of the porous ceramics which were added Al2O3-SiO2-Y2O3 and sintered at 1 650 ℃ is only 6.5%.Moreover,the pore inside of the sample is smooth,and the pore size distribution is uniform.Composite additives make little effect on the thermal expansion coefficient of the porous silicon carbide ceramics.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Co,WC-Co-Cr_3C_2 and WC-Co-TaC cermets fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering was successfully used to produce WC-Co cermets with the addition of Cr3C2and TaC grain growth inhibitors. The spark plasma sintered compacts were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, density measurements, hardness tests, fracture toughness tests and elastic modulus tests. The results were comparedwithan inhibitor-free WC-Co cermet consolidated under the same process parameters. By using Cr3C2and TaC additives, it is possible to improve the hardness and fracture toughness of WC-Co cermets, but Cr3C2has better grain growth inhibition propertythan that of TaC. The best combination of hardness （HV30（2105±38）） and fracture toughness （（8.3±0.2）MPa·m^1/2） was obtained by the WC-5Co-2Cr3C2 cermet.

Synthesis and ceramization of polycarbosilane containing beryllium

Polycarbosilane containing beryllium(BPCS) precursors was prepared by the reaction of polycarbosilane(PCS) with beryllium acetylacetone(Be(acac)2).The analysis of structures and components of BPCS demonstrates that their main structures are basically the same as PCS.Ceramization of BPCS precursors shows that BPCS precursors are organic below 600 °C and inorganic at 800 °C.At 1400 °C,BPCS precursors convert into silicon carbide ceramics.The ceramization of different beryllium content precursors were studied,which show that beryllium plays an important role in the inhibition of crystalline grain growth of β-SiC at high temperature and it can adjust the dielectric constant of silicon carbide ceramics.

Sintering and microstructure of silicon carbide ceramic with Y_3Al_5O_(12) added by sol-gel method

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic with YAG (Y3Al5O12) additive added by sol-gel method was liquid-phase sintered at different sintering temperatures, and the sintering mechanism and microstructural characteristics of resulting silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental distribution of surface (EDS). YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phase formed before the sintering and its uniform distribution in the SiC/YAG composite powder decreased the sintering temperature and improved the densification of SiC ceramic. The suitable sintering temperature was 1860 °C with the specimen sintered at this temperature having superior sintering and mechanical properties, smaller crystal size and fewer microstructure defects. Three characteristics of improved toughness of SiC ceramic with YAG added by sol-gel method were microstructural densification, main-crack deflection and crystal ‘bridging’.

Investigation of compaction and sintering behavior of SiC powder after ultra-fine treatment

Silicon carbide ceramics were prepared with SiC powder treated by the fluidized bed opposed jet mill as raw materials, and the effects of the ultra-fine treatment mechanism on the compaction and sintering behavior of SiC ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the compacts had higher density and microstructure homogeneity when the sintering temperature of the compact was decreased; and that the surface microstructure, densification and mechanical properties of the sintered body could be ameliorated obviously.

Effect of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and properties of TiC based cermets

The effect of the sintering atmospheres (vacuum, N_2, Ar) on the microstructures and properties of the TiC based cermets was studied using XRD, SEM/BSE and energy dispersive spectrometer. Compared with the alloy sintered in vacuum, the carbon content of the specimen sintered in N_2 and Ar is lower by 0.5%; and the nitrogen content is higher by 0.3% when sintered in nitrogen. The central part of the ring structure may be carbide with either a high W or Ti content. The ring structures are (Ti, W, Ta, Mo, Co, Ni)C solid solutions with different metallic elements and distributions. The composition of the binder phase is (Co, Ni) solid solution with different Ti, W, Ta, Mo, C contents. The structures are uniform for the cermets sintered in vacuum and the properties are the best. When sintered in Ar or N2, the O_2 and N2 in the atmosphere take part in the sintering reaction to break the carbon balance in the cermets to form a shell structure and defects, which results in poor density, microhardness (HV) and transverse rupture strength (TRS).

Tungsten Resource-Saving： Cobalt Cermets Wastes Recycling and Concentrates Extraction

Potentials range is determined in which the cobalt-tungsten alloy phase selectively dissolved in solutions of phosphoric acid to form soluble compounds of these metals, while the tungsten carbide phase remains in the precipitate. It shows that tungsten ores and concentrates are decomposed at 1,050℃-1,100℃ in sodium chloride-sodium metasilicate melts to form two immiscible phases, namely, halide-tungstate, containing 96% to 99% of tungsten, and silicate, containing 90% of the rest ore components.

Ceramic Supported PDMS and PEGDA Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation

Composite membranes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their potential applications for CO2 separation. In this work, ceramic supported polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and poly （ethylene glycol） diacrylate （PEGDA） composite membranes were prepared. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the compos- ite membranes were characterized. Preparation conditions were systematically optimized. The gas separation performance of the as-prepared membranes was studied by pure gas and binary gas permeation measurement of CO〉 N2 and H〉 Experiments showed that PDMS, as silicone rubber, exhibited larger permeance and lower separation factors. Conversely, PEGDA composite membrane presented smaller gas permeance but higher ideal selectivity for CO2/N2. Compared to the performance of those membranes using polymeric supports or freestanding membranes, the two kinds of ceramic supported composite membranes exhibited higher gas permeance and acceptable selectivity. Therefore, the ceramic supported composite membrane can be expected as a candidate for CO2 separation from light gases.

Preparation of porous silicon carbide by combustion synthesis

Porous silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by combustion synthesis technique. SiC/TiC composite was gained by combustion reaction of Si, C and Ti. Thermodynamics analysis of Si-C-Ti system indicates that the content of TiC in products should be larger than 30%. The experimental results show that the content of Ti+C should be larger than 25% to achieve a complete combustion reaction. The X-ray diffractometry results show that the final products with a relative density of 45%64% are composed of α-SiC, β-SiC, TiC and a small quantity of Si. The images of scanning electron microscopy show that the structures of grain in SiC based porous ceramics consist of particles with a few microns in size.

Corrosion behavior of SiC foam ceramic reinforced Al-23Si composites in NaCl solution

SiC foam ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composites(SFCAMCs)were prepared by squeeze casting aluminum alloy(Al-23Si)into the SiC foam ceramic with different pore sizes,and the corrosion behavior of the SFCAMCs was studied in NaCl solutions.Static immersion corrosion tests were conducted at 20°C,50°C and 80°C,respectively.Corrosion morphology and products were analyzed by scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive system and X-ray diffraction.It was found that the corrosion rate of SFCAMCs increases as the temperature rising,and the bigger pore size of SiC foam ceramic reinforcement,the better corrosion resistance of SFCAMCs.

Finite element and experimental analysis of Vickers indentation testing on Al_2O_3 with diamond-like carbon coating

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the Vickers indentation testing of the Al2O3 ceramic coated by diamond-like carbon(DLC) layer were conducted.The numerical analysis was implemented by a two-dimensional finite element(FE) axis symmetry model.FE analysis results gave insight into the fracture mechanism of DLC films coated on brittle ceramic(Al2O3) substrates.The maximum principal stress field was used to locate the most expected area for crack formation and propagation during the Vickers indentation testing.The results show that the median crack initiates in the interface under indenter,before ring crack occurs as the indenter presses down.Finally,the plastic deformation appears when the indenter penetrates into the substrate.The thicker DLC coating increases the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness.

Cutting Characteristics of Duplex Stainless Cast Steel X2CrNiMoN25-7-3

X2CrNiMoN25-7-3 duplex stainless steel is suitable for chloride-containing environments such as seawater because it has excellent pitting corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless cast steel is often used to accommodate the complexity of part geometry at joints. However, machining after casting is indispensable. This study evaluated the cutting characteristics of stainless cast steel. Adhesion of the cutting edge was weak at high cutting speeds, but tool wear was large. Diffusion and reactions between the work-pieces and the tool edge were investigated. Slight inter-diffusion and a reaction phase were observed, but the bond-ability was low.

超高温热处理对不同工艺制备的W/ZrC金属陶瓷微观结构的影响（英文）

分别采用置换填充工艺(DCP)和热压烧结工艺(HP)制备了W/Zr C金属陶瓷,然后在2600℃下对其进行热处理1 h。研究了热处理前后2种W/ZrC金属陶瓷的组织结构变化。研究表明,热处理后2种材料都出现开孔率增大、线膨胀及质量损失。其中DCP法W/Zr C金属陶瓷在热处理后仍由分散分布的W颗粒相和连续的Zr C相组成,但原始材料中残留的WC、W_2C及Zr-Cu合金相都消失,取而代之的是大量的孔隙,同时W相含量也急剧减小。而HP法W/Zr C金属陶瓷在热处理后则有新相W_2C生成,同时其W颗粒相有聚集的趋势,形成了大块团状相。

Ultra-fast densification of CNTs reinforced alumina based on combustion reaction and quick pressing

An ultra-fast densification method based on high heating rate from the combustion reaction for producing carbon nanotubes （CNTs） reinforced alumina ceramics is reported. The heat generated by combustion reaction is adopted to act as a high temperature source to the sample, which results in a heating rate of 1660℃/min of the sample. Then a great mechanical pressure is applied to the sample when the sample gets the expected temperature. The densification process is finished in several minutes. The results indicate that the densification method is beneficial to protect the CNTs from destruction and creates good interracial combination between the nanotubes and the matrix. With the addition of 1 wt% CNTs, the fracture toughness of the ceramics prepared increases about 50%.

Complex Permittivity and Microwave Absorbing Property of Si_3N_4-SiC Composite Ceramic

Si3N4-SiC composite ceramics were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration using porous Si3Na ceramic as preform. The average grain size of SiC was 30 nm. Relationship between SiC content and relative complex permittivity of Si3Na-SiC within the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz （X-band） was investigated. The average real part of relative complex permittivity ε′ of Si3N4-SiC increased from 3.7 to 14.9 and the relative imaginary part ε″ increased from 0.017 to 13.4 when the content of SiC increased from 0 to 10 vol.%. The Si3N4-SiC ceramic with 3 vol.% SiC achieved a reflection loss below -10 dB （90% absorption） at 8.0-11.4 GHz, and the minimum value was -27.1 dB at 9.8 GHz when the sample thickness was 2.5 mm. The excellent microwave absorbing abilities of Si3N4-SiC ceramic were attributed to the interfacial polarization at interface between Si3N4 and SiC and at grain boundary between SiC nanocrystals.