外加电流阴极保护用陶瓷阳极

综述了外加电流阴极保护用陶瓷阳极，包括固态烧结铁氧体陶瓷阳极、等离子喷涂铁氧体阳极和混合金属氧化物阳极的研究现状。

SFM-GDC复合陶瓷阳极支撑电池制备及性能研究

制备了SFM-GDC‖GDC‖BCFN结构的陶瓷阳极支撑单电池,H_(2)气氛中700℃下最大功率密度可达188 mW/cm^(2).稳定运行50 h无明显衰减,显示该电池具有很好的工作稳定性.SFM-GDC陶瓷阳极表现出很好的耐积碳性能,阳极通入CH_(4),700℃最大功率密度为70 mW/cm^(2),运行40 h,性能无明显衰减,电压保持在0.56 V.

K_3AlF_6加入对NiFe_2O_4基金属陶瓷阳极电解腐蚀的影响

采用5Cu--9.5NiO--85.5NiFe2O4金属陶瓷阳极在不同的低温铝电解质体系中进行测试.用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对电解后阳极的微观结构进行研究;用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定电解后产品铝和电解质中杂质元素含量,计算并比较不同电解质组成条件下的阳极腐蚀速率.结果表明:向Na3AlF6--30AlF3体系添加质量分数约为20%的K3AlF6,该阳极表现出好的耐腐蚀性能.

NiO对金属陶瓷惰性阳极电化学反应过程的影响

1100 K下,电解含有适量NiO的NiFe_(2)O_(4)基金属陶瓷惰性阳极(成分中金属Cu和Fe的总含量大于金属Ni的含量)时,该金属陶瓷惰性阳极的稳态极化曲线上只出现一个反应峰,分析可能是金属Fe的氧化反应或金属Ni的氧化反应,或者是金属Fe和金属Ni的氧化反应的叠加峰,没有出现金属Cu的氧化反应峰和金属Ni的氟化反应峰。由此可以推测,当金属陶瓷惰性阳极成分中金属Cu和Fe的总量大于金属Ni的含量时,添加适量的NiO,可能可以减弱或抑制电解过程中的某些电化学反应,增强金属陶瓷惰性阳极的在低温电解质中的耐腐蚀能力。

镍基阳极固体氧化物燃料电池碳沉积的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种能够将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能的全固态电化学装置,由于其高效率、清洁和燃料适用性广等优势而受到广泛关注.近年来,直接高效使用碳氢化合物燃料的SOFC成为研究热点.然而,碳沉积问题在以镍基金属陶瓷为阳极材料的SOFC研究中不可忽视.基于SOFC的结构和工作原理,分析了以镍基阳极SOFC碳沉积问题的机理和影响,总结了应对积碳问题的国内外研究进展,以及在改善工作参数,阳极添加剂和新阳极材料研究3个方面的方法策略,并对SOFC的研究前景进行展望.

铝电解惰性阳极材料选择的研究进展

论述了传统碳素阳极的缺点及使用惰性阳极的意义,提出了惰性阳极材料应符合的要求,重点阐述了国内外对金属氧化物陶瓷阳极、金属陶瓷阳极、金属阳极的研究成果并总结了以上三类惰性阳极有待进一步解决的主要问题。

铝电解惰性阳极材料选择的研究

论述了传统碳素阳极的缺点及使用惰性阳极的意义,提出了惰性阳极材料应符合的要求。综述了国内外对金属氧化物陶瓷阳极、金属陶瓷阳极、金属阳极的研究成果,并总结了以上三类惰性阳极有待进一步解决的主要问题。

金属相20Ni-80Cu表面包覆NiFe2O4尖晶石对15(20Ni-80Cu)/85(NiFe2O4-10NiO)金属陶瓷腐蚀性能的研究

金属陶瓷金属相优先腐蚀是目前惰性阳极工业化难点之一,在金属相表面包覆NiFe2O4尖晶石来提高其耐高温熔盐腐蚀性能。包覆实验结果显示,包覆后的颗粒尺寸为2～5μm,且有团聚现象,金属相20Ni-80Cu表面除形成NiFe2O4尖晶石外,可能还含有NiFe2O4-x、Cu2O、NiO、CuxNi1-x、NiyFe1-yFe2O4-a和NizFe1-zO。腐蚀实验表明,金属表面包覆10%、20%、30%、40%和50%NiFe2O4尖晶石后制备的金属陶瓷惰性阳极样品其金属腐蚀层厚度都在20～50μm,其年腐蚀率分别为1.89、1.73、1.65、1.58和2.03cm/a,未包覆金属陶瓷惰性阳极金属腐蚀层厚度为200μm和年腐蚀率为4.15cm/a,说明金属表面包覆NiFe2O4尖晶石能提高惰性阳极的抗熔盐腐蚀性能。

铝电解惰性阳极专利技术分析

惰性阳极由于存在许多优点,一直是铝电解领域关注的热点.本文对涉及铝电解用惰性阳极的国内外专利文献进行收集并分析.详细分析了合金惰性阳极材料、金属陶瓷惰性阳极材料以及金属基体加氧化物膜层复合电极材料的发展及其特点.

铝电解惰性阳极技术综述

惰性阳极由于存在许多优点,一直是铝电解领域关注的热点。本文综述了铝电解用惰性阳极材料,并详细分析了合金类惰性阳极材料、金属陶瓷类惰性阳极材料以及金属基体氧化物外层类惰性阳极的发展及其特点。

Effect of sintering atmosphere on corrosion resistance of Ni/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO) cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

A comparative study on the corrosion resistance of 17Ni/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode prepared in differentsintering atmospheres was conducted in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melt. The results indicate that the corrosion rates of NiFe2O4-based cermetanodes prepared in the vacuum and the atmosphere with oxygen content of 2×10^-3 （volume fraction） are 6.46 and 2.71 cm/a,respectively. Though there is a transition layer with lots of holes or pores, a densified layer is formed on the surface of anode due tosome reactions producing aluminates. For the anode prepared in the atmosphere with oxygen content of 2×10^-3, the thickness of thedensification layer （about 50 μm） is thicker than that （about 30 μm） formed on the surface of anode prepared in the vacuum. Thecontents of NiO and Fe（II） in NiFe2xO4-y-z increase with the decrease of oxygen content in sintering atmosphere, which reduces thecorrosion resistance of the material.

Corrosion of NiFe_2O_4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis

NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis were prepared and their properties were investigated in a lab-scale electrolysis cell. The results show that the inert anodes exhibit good performance during electrolysis in molten salt cryolite at 960 °C, but according to the analyses of phase compositions and microstructures through XRD, SEM/EDX and metallographic analysis, the metal in the anodes is preferentially corroded and many pores are produced on the anode surface after electrolysis. The preferential dissolution of Fe in the NiFe2O4 phase may lead to the non-uniform corrosion of NiFe2O4 grains. Moreover, a dense protective layer of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 is formed on the anode surface, which originates from the reaction of Al2O3 dissolved in the electrolyte with NiO or FeO, the annexation of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 to NiO and volume expansion. Thus, the dense NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 layer inhibits the metal loss and ceramic-phase corrosion on the surface of the cermet inert anodes.

微弧氧化钛基种植材料对成骨细胞早期黏附的影响

目的:检测纯钛种植体材料微弧氧化(microarcoxidation,MAO)表面改性后的成骨细胞生物相容性,探讨微弧氧化技术在钛种植体表面改性中的价值。方法:在纯钛种植体材料表面用微弧氧化法制备羟基磷灰石陶瓷薄膜,将MAO改性钛种植体材料作为实验组Ⅰ,将纯钛表面阳极氧化改性处理的种植体材料作为实验组Ⅱ,并设立对照组Ⅰ(纯钛种植体材料)和对照组Ⅱ(即细胞直接生长在培养板上),分别进行扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射图谱分析(XRD)等检测,比较成骨细胞的黏附水平,对数据采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行单因素方差分析。结果:MAO改性后生成粗糙、多孔的陶瓷薄膜层,与处理前电解液成分相比,钙磷比无显著改变。MAO改性钛组黏附的细胞密度显著高于其他组(P<0.01),而对照组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的细胞密度无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:与阳极氧化表面改性材料相比,该钛基微弧氧化薄膜层能够显著促进成骨细胞的附着,具有良好的细胞相容性。

Effect of additive BaO on corrosion resistance of xCu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis

xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 1BaO-xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet（x=5,10,17） inert anodes were prepared as potential inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis and their corrosion resistance to traditional electrolyte was studied with anodic current density of 1.0 A/cm2 in laboratory electrolysis.The substantial corrosion of metal Cu was observed,many pores appeared on the surface of anode and electrolytes infiltrated inside anodes during the electrolysis.The wear rates of 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） and 1BaO-17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） are 2.15,6.50,8.30,4.88,4.70 and 4.48 cm/a,respectively.The addition of BaO to 10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet and 17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is advantageous because BaO can effectively promote densification and thus improve corrosion resistance.But the addition of BaO to 5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet is unfavorable to corrosion resistance because additive BaO at the grain boundary of anode accelerates possibly the corrosion of cermet.

Effect of electrolysis superheat degree on anticorrosion performance of 5Cu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anode

5Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermet inert anodes were prepared by cold-pressing and sintering process, and the effect of superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 on their anticorrosion performance was studied under electrolysis conditions. The results show that, the fluctuation of cell becomes small with increasing of superheat degree, which is helpful to inhibit the formation of cathodic encrustation; the concentration of impurities from inert anode in bath goes up to certain degree, but it is far smaller than those in traditional high-temperature bath. Increasing the superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 has unconspicuous effect on the contents of impurities in cathodic aluminum. The total mass fractions of Fe, Ni and Cu in aluminum are 15.38% and 15.09% respectively under superheat degree of 95 and 195 ℃. From micro-topography of anode used view, increasing the superheat degree can aggravate corrosion of metal Cu in inert anode, and has negative influence on electrical conductivity of electrode to some extent.

Electrical conductivity of Cu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermets containing mass fractions of Cu of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were prepared, and their electrical conductivities were measured at different temperatures. The effects of temperature and content of metal Cu on the electrical conductivity were investigated especially. The results indicate that the metallic phase Cu distributes evenly in 10NiO-NiFe2O4 ceramic matrix. The mechanism of electrical conductivity of Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermets obeys the rule of electrical mechanism of semiconductor, the electrical conductivity for cermet containing 5% Cu increases from 2.70 to 20.41 S/cm with temperature increasing from 200 to 900 ℃. The change trend of electrical conductivity with temperature is similar with each other and it increases with increasing temperature and content of metal Cu. At 960 ℃, the electrical conductivity of cermet increases from 2.88 to 82.65 S/cm with the content of metal Cu increasing from 0 to 20%.

Sintering of the NiFe_2O_4-10NiO/xNi Cermet

The sintering behavior of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/SNi has the highest relative density of 97.28 % when it is sintered at 1 350 ℃, but it decreases to 95.23 % when sintered at 1 400 ℃. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2 O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 ℃ and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.

Effect of metallic phase species on the corrosion resistance of 17M/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4) cermet inert anode of aluminum electrolysis

NiFe2O4-based cermet inert anodes with metallic phase compositions of Cu, Ni and 85Cu15Ni were prepared by cold pressing-sintering. Their corrosion resistance was also investigated in Na3 AIF6-Al2O3 melts. The resuits show that the metallic phase species in cermets have no effect on the concentration of impurities in bath during electrolysis, the total steady-state concentration of impurities is almost the same, i.e. between 4.12 × 10^-4- 4.80 × 10^-4. There exists metal preferential corrosion for the cermet inert anode with metal Ni as metallic phase. For NiFe2 O4-based cermets, the cermet with metal Cu as metallic phase exhibits better corrosion resistance than the others.

Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO) cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.

Preparation and properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe_2O_4 cermet

4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe2O4 cermets were prepared by doping NiFe2O4 ceramic matrix with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni or Cu-Ni alloy powder as the electrical conducting metallic elements. The effects of technological parameters, such as the adding modes of metallic elements, the ball milling time, the sintering time and the sintering temperature, on the relative density and resistivity of the cermets were studied. The results show that the resistivity of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe2O4 cermets decreases with increasing temperature, and has a turning point at 590℃, which is similar to that of NiFe2O4 ceramic. The sintering temperature and adding modes of metallic elements have a great influence on the properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe2O4 cermets. When the sintering temperature increases from 1200℃ to 1300℃, the relative density increases from 89.86% to 95.33%, and the resistivity at 960℃ decreases from 0.11Ω·cm to 0.03Ω·cm, respectively. When the metallic elements are added with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni, the cermets of finely and uniformly dispersed metallic phase, high density and electric conductivity are obtained. The relative density and resistivity at 960℃ are 90.23% and 0.04Ω·cm respectively for the cermet samples sintered at 1200℃ for 2h, which are both better than those of the cermets prepared under the same technique conditions but with the metallic elements added as 85Cu-15Ni alloy powders.