An experiment was carried out at Mkuranga Research Station of National Coconut Development Programme （NCDP） to study the effect of light regimes on three different crops which are sweet potato, cowpea and pineapple ...An experiment was carried out at Mkuranga Research Station of National Coconut Development Programme （NCDP） to study the effect of light regimes on three different crops which are sweet potato, cowpea and pineapple between 1995 and 1996. Four light intensities with nominal values of light transmission namely L0 = 100%, L 1 = 75%, L2 = 50%, L3 = 25% were provided by nylon netting materials which filtered sunlight to varying light percentages. The experiment was a split-plot on randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Growth measurements and yield were recorded at a regular interval in all crops. Leaf morphological characteristics were carried out only on sweet potato. Result on the leaf morphological characteristics showed light intensity strongly influenced growth and development of sweet potato. Specific leaf area values in full light were smaller than those in under heavy shade. The light intensity increased the cowpea seed yield significantly （P 〈 0.01） and the interaction between seasons （year） x light regimes was significant （P 〈 0.01）. In low intensity, pineapple flowered earlier and yielded more than in high intensity. These results have provided useful information in planning intercropping models in coconut based-farming systems in Tanzania.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the effects of 650 nm-10.6 μm combined laser in patients with knee Osteoarthritis （OA） and to determine whether the combined laser provides greater pain relief and improved function compared...Objective： To evaluate the effects of 650 nm-10.6 μm combined laser in patients with knee Osteoarthritis （OA） and to determine whether the combined laser provides greater pain relief and improved function compared with red light. Methods： Forty-eight patients with knee OA were randomly allocated to two groups （24 per group）, receiving 20 min irradiation with 650 nm -10.6 μm combined laser or red light emitting diode respectively on point Dubi （ST 35） 3 times a week for the first course （2 weeks） and twice a week for the second one （4 weeks）. The main outcome measures were WOMAC （Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index） scores. In addition, patients＇ global assessment, adverse effects and validation of patient blinding were analyzed. Results： All the patients completed the in：st course, but 12 were lost during the second one. Due to the high dropout rate by the second course, only the data acquired from the first course could be analyzed. No differences of general data of patients and WOMAC scores were found in between-group comparison before treatment （P〉0.05）. The WOMAC scores of patients in both combined laser group and red light group reduced significantly compared to baseline by the end of the first course （P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences on the reduction rate of WOMAC scores between two groups （P〉0.05）. Neither the patients＇ global assessment nor the dropout rate showed statistical differences between two groups （P〉0.05）. There was no difference between two groups in patients correctly guessing the treatment assignment （P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in the reduction rate of WOMAC scores and the patients＇ global assessment between patients who guessed their assignment （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Both combined laser and red light irradiation are beneficial to patients with knee OA. But as the statistical indifferences between two groups, the authors can＇t conclude from this study whether the combined laser is more effective.展开更多
文摘An experiment was carried out at Mkuranga Research Station of National Coconut Development Programme （NCDP） to study the effect of light regimes on three different crops which are sweet potato, cowpea and pineapple between 1995 and 1996. Four light intensities with nominal values of light transmission namely L0 = 100%, L 1 = 75%, L2 = 50%, L3 = 25% were provided by nylon netting materials which filtered sunlight to varying light percentages. The experiment was a split-plot on randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Growth measurements and yield were recorded at a regular interval in all crops. Leaf morphological characteristics were carried out only on sweet potato. Result on the leaf morphological characteristics showed light intensity strongly influenced growth and development of sweet potato. Specific leaf area values in full light were smaller than those in under heavy shade. The light intensity increased the cowpea seed yield significantly （P 〈 0.01） and the interaction between seasons （year） x light regimes was significant （P 〈 0.01）. In low intensity, pineapple flowered earlier and yielded more than in high intensity. These results have provided useful information in planning intercropping models in coconut based-farming systems in Tanzania.
基金the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(05DZ19745,06DZ19732,064319053,07DZ19722,07DZ19733)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2005CB523306)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30572306)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B112 and T0302)
文摘Objective： To evaluate the effects of 650 nm-10.6 μm combined laser in patients with knee Osteoarthritis （OA） and to determine whether the combined laser provides greater pain relief and improved function compared with red light. Methods： Forty-eight patients with knee OA were randomly allocated to two groups （24 per group）, receiving 20 min irradiation with 650 nm -10.6 μm combined laser or red light emitting diode respectively on point Dubi （ST 35） 3 times a week for the first course （2 weeks） and twice a week for the second one （4 weeks）. The main outcome measures were WOMAC （Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index） scores. In addition, patients＇ global assessment, adverse effects and validation of patient blinding were analyzed. Results： All the patients completed the in：st course, but 12 were lost during the second one. Due to the high dropout rate by the second course, only the data acquired from the first course could be analyzed. No differences of general data of patients and WOMAC scores were found in between-group comparison before treatment （P〉0.05）. The WOMAC scores of patients in both combined laser group and red light group reduced significantly compared to baseline by the end of the first course （P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences on the reduction rate of WOMAC scores between two groups （P〉0.05）. Neither the patients＇ global assessment nor the dropout rate showed statistical differences between two groups （P〉0.05）. There was no difference between two groups in patients correctly guessing the treatment assignment （P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in the reduction rate of WOMAC scores and the patients＇ global assessment between patients who guessed their assignment （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Both combined laser and red light irradiation are beneficial to patients with knee OA. But as the statistical indifferences between two groups, the authors can＇t conclude from this study whether the combined laser is more effective.
