Objective： To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tuina therapy for primary insomnia. Methods： Nine Chinese and English databases were searched from the inception to May 2017 to identify randomized c...Objective： To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tuina therapy for primary insomnia. Methods： Nine Chinese and English databases were searched from the inception to May 2017 to identify randomized controlled trials （RCTs） studying tuina therapy for insomnia. The enrolled articles were all RCTs with tuina as the monotherapy or major therapy in the experiment group, with clear diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia well recognized worldwide or in China, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） as one of the outcome measures. Two researchers evaluated the risk of bias and quality of the enrolled studies by following Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan version 5.3. Results： Eleven studies were included with a total of I 076 participants. The Western medication adopted in the control groups were benzodiazepine receptor agonists. The studies were all assessed as high risk of bias for blinding since blinding method was unable to be performed due to the specificity of tuina therapy; no study reported the support of fund or potential interest conflict, so they were all rated unclear for selective reporting. The meta-analysis showed that compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies, tuina worked more effectively in reducing the PSQI score （MD=-4.11〈O, 95% confidence interval （CI） -6.01 to -2.22, P〈0.O001）; compared with oral administration of Western medication, tuina showed more significant efficacy in reducing the PSQI score （MD=-3.42〈0, 95%CI -5.19 to -1.66, P〈0.O001）. Subgroup analysis showed that head tuina alone showed no significant difference compared with oral administration of Western medication regarding the change of PSQI score （MD=-4.19〈O, 95%CI -8.87 to 0.50, P〉0.05）; a combination of head and back tuina could more effectively reduce the PSOJ score compared with oral administration of Western medication （MD=-2.08〈O, 95%CI -3.09 to -1.06, P〈0.O001）. Conclusion： Tuina can produce more significant efficacy in treating primary insomnia compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies and oral administration of Western medication, especially the combination of head and back tuina.展开更多
The probabilistic solutions to some nonlinear stochastic dynamic (NSD) systems with various polynomial types of nonlinearities in displacements are analyzed with the subspace-exponential polynomial closure (subspace-E...The probabilistic solutions to some nonlinear stochastic dynamic (NSD) systems with various polynomial types of nonlinearities in displacements are analyzed with the subspace-exponential polynomial closure (subspace-EPC) method. The space of the state variables of the large-scale nonlinear stochastic dynamic system excited by Gaussian white noises is separated into two subspaces. Both sides of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation corresponding to the NSD system are then integrated over one of the subspaces. The FPK equation for the joint probability density function of the state variables in the other subspace is formulated. Therefore, the FPK equations in low dimensions are obtained from the original FPK equation in high dimensions and the FPK equations in low dimensions are solvable with the exponential polynomial closure method. Examples about multi-degree-offreedom NSD systems with various polynomial types of nonlinearities in displacements are given to show the effectiveness of the subspace-EPC method in these cases.展开更多
文摘Objective： To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tuina therapy for primary insomnia. Methods： Nine Chinese and English databases were searched from the inception to May 2017 to identify randomized controlled trials （RCTs） studying tuina therapy for insomnia. The enrolled articles were all RCTs with tuina as the monotherapy or major therapy in the experiment group, with clear diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia well recognized worldwide or in China, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） as one of the outcome measures. Two researchers evaluated the risk of bias and quality of the enrolled studies by following Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan version 5.3. Results： Eleven studies were included with a total of I 076 participants. The Western medication adopted in the control groups were benzodiazepine receptor agonists. The studies were all assessed as high risk of bias for blinding since blinding method was unable to be performed due to the specificity of tuina therapy; no study reported the support of fund or potential interest conflict, so they were all rated unclear for selective reporting. The meta-analysis showed that compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies, tuina worked more effectively in reducing the PSQI score （MD=-4.11〈O, 95% confidence interval （CI） -6.01 to -2.22, P〈0.O001）; compared with oral administration of Western medication, tuina showed more significant efficacy in reducing the PSQI score （MD=-3.42〈0, 95%CI -5.19 to -1.66, P〈0.O001）. Subgroup analysis showed that head tuina alone showed no significant difference compared with oral administration of Western medication regarding the change of PSQI score （MD=-4.19〈O, 95%CI -8.87 to 0.50, P〉0.05）; a combination of head and back tuina could more effectively reduce the PSOJ score compared with oral administration of Western medication （MD=-2.08〈O, 95%CI -3.09 to -1.06, P〈0.O001）. Conclusion： Tuina can produce more significant efficacy in treating primary insomnia compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies and oral administration of Western medication, especially the combination of head and back tuina.
文摘The probabilistic solutions to some nonlinear stochastic dynamic (NSD) systems with various polynomial types of nonlinearities in displacements are analyzed with the subspace-exponential polynomial closure (subspace-EPC) method. The space of the state variables of the large-scale nonlinear stochastic dynamic system excited by Gaussian white noises is separated into two subspaces. Both sides of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation corresponding to the NSD system are then integrated over one of the subspaces. The FPK equation for the joint probability density function of the state variables in the other subspace is formulated. Therefore, the FPK equations in low dimensions are obtained from the original FPK equation in high dimensions and the FPK equations in low dimensions are solvable with the exponential polynomial closure method. Examples about multi-degree-offreedom NSD systems with various polynomial types of nonlinearities in displacements are given to show the effectiveness of the subspace-EPC method in these cases.
