The notions of fuzzy (super) pramart are introduced. Then the completeness and separability of metric space are discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition of convergence for fuzzy sequences is provided. Finally, ...The notions of fuzzy (super) pramart are introduced. Then the completeness and separability of metric space are discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition of convergence for fuzzy sequences is provided. Finally, the graph Kuratowski-Mosco convergence and D-convergence of fuzzy (super) pramart and quasi-martingale are studied.展开更多
Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed t...Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed the effects of OSA on plasma levels of RAAS components. Methods Full-text studies published on MEDL1NE and EMBASE analyzing fasting plasma levels of at least one RAAS component in adults with OSA with or without hypertension. OSA was diagnosed as an apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbance index 〉 5. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was assessed using the 12 statistic. Results from individual studies were synthesized using inverse variance and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed, and risk of publication bias was assessed. Results The meta-analysis included 13 studies, of which 10 reported results on renin （n = 470 cases and controls）, 7 on angiotensin II （AnglI, n = 384）, and 9 on aldosterone （n = 439）. AnglI levels were significantly higher in OSA than in controls [mean differences = 3.39 ng/L, 95% CI： 2.00-4.79, P 〈 0.00001], while aldosterone levels were significantly higher in OSA with hypertension than OSA but not with hypertension （mean differences = 1.32 ng/dL, 95% CI： 0.58-2.07, P = 0.0005）. Meta-analysis of all studies suggested no significant differences in aldosterone between OSA and controls, but a significant pooled mean difference of 1.35 ng/mL （95% CI： 0.88-1.82, P 〈 0.00001） emerged after excluding one small-sample study. No significant risk of publication bias was detected among all included studies. Conelusions OSA is associated with higher AnglI and aldosterone levels, espe- cially in hypertensive patients. OSA may cause hypertension, at least in part, by stimulating RAAS activity.展开更多
The authors investigate the α-transience and α-recurrence for random walks and Levy processes by means of the associated moment generating function, give a dichotomy theorem for not one-sided processes and prove tha...The authors investigate the α-transience and α-recurrence for random walks and Levy processes by means of the associated moment generating function, give a dichotomy theorem for not one-sided processes and prove that the process X is quasisymmetric if and only if X is not α-recurrent for all α＜ 0 which gives a probabilistic explanation of quasi-symmetry, a concept originated from C. J. Stone.展开更多
基金the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China (205073)Research Fund for Doctorial Program of Higher Education (No.20060255006)
文摘The notions of fuzzy (super) pramart are introduced. Then the completeness and separability of metric space are discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition of convergence for fuzzy sequences is provided. Finally, the graph Kuratowski-Mosco convergence and D-convergence of fuzzy (super) pramart and quasi-martingale are studied.
文摘Background Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）. We meta-analyzed the effects of OSA on plasma levels of RAAS components. Methods Full-text studies published on MEDL1NE and EMBASE analyzing fasting plasma levels of at least one RAAS component in adults with OSA with or without hypertension. OSA was diagnosed as an apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbance index 〉 5. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was assessed using the 12 statistic. Results from individual studies were synthesized using inverse variance and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed, and risk of publication bias was assessed. Results The meta-analysis included 13 studies, of which 10 reported results on renin （n = 470 cases and controls）, 7 on angiotensin II （AnglI, n = 384）, and 9 on aldosterone （n = 439）. AnglI levels were significantly higher in OSA than in controls [mean differences = 3.39 ng/L, 95% CI： 2.00-4.79, P 〈 0.00001], while aldosterone levels were significantly higher in OSA with hypertension than OSA but not with hypertension （mean differences = 1.32 ng/dL, 95% CI： 0.58-2.07, P = 0.0005）. Meta-analysis of all studies suggested no significant differences in aldosterone between OSA and controls, but a significant pooled mean difference of 1.35 ng/mL （95% CI： 0.88-1.82, P 〈 0.00001） emerged after excluding one small-sample study. No significant risk of publication bias was detected among all included studies. Conelusions OSA is associated with higher AnglI and aldosterone levels, espe- cially in hypertensive patients. OSA may cause hypertension, at least in part, by stimulating RAAS activity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10271109).
文摘The authors investigate the α-transience and α-recurrence for random walks and Levy processes by means of the associated moment generating function, give a dichotomy theorem for not one-sided processes and prove that the process X is quasisymmetric if and only if X is not α-recurrent for all α＜ 0 which gives a probabilistic explanation of quasi-symmetry, a concept originated from C. J. Stone.
