隐-秀的继承性创新性和价值性研究——论《文心雕龙》中一项重要的审美原则及其建构

探析中国古代审美思想史可见,其中贯穿着以珠-水关系喻示文-道关系的形象化思维方式构成的文脉,且这个方式的意向性建构与潜在逻辑关系所蕴含的审美心理、美感经验、审美理想,乃至隐秀说的思维结构及其生成机制,皆可溯源到老子庄子审美思想等;这审美心理结构方式不仅在南北朝化入了刘勰的文论体系而奠基为重要的审美原则,且其中潜在的逻辑关系和要义下启意境说,即它融入了古典美学主潮而呈现着鲜明的民族特色,也佐证着中西文化之别。

Toxicity of Selected Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids on Caenorhabditis elegans： a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study

Due to the large number of ionic liquids （ILs） and their potential environmental risk, assessing the toxicity of ILs by ecotoxicological experiment only is insufficient. Quantitative structure- activity relationship （QSAR） has been proven to be a quick and effective method to estimate the viscosity, melting points, and even toxicity of ILs. In this work, the LC50 values of 30 imidazolium-based ILs were determined with Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal. Four suitable molecular descriptors were selected on the basis of genetic function approximation algorithm to construct a QSAR model with an R^2 value of 0.938. The predicted lgLC50 in this work are in agreement with the experimental values, indicating that the model has good stability and predictive ability. Our study provides a valuable model to predict the potential toxicity of ILs with different sub-structures to the environment and human health.

Reaching for the Gold Standard: Metaphors and Good University Teachers

This article considers "good" teachers in the context of current developments in universities in China to reach a "gold standard" of considerably higher and more challenging levels of teaching and learning. We outline this context and consider concepts of good teachers in classical Chinese traditions and more recent Western thinking as a possible dialogue within and between cultures of learning. Using cognitive and cultural linguistic perspectives, we analyze metaphorical concepts of "gold" in "the gold standard" as related to teachers. We report our applied metaphor research which analyzes Chinese students’ expectations, values and beliefs about good university language teachers;this presents a rich picture beyond developing knowledge, skills and understanding to include strong social and moral characteristics. Other aspects which recognize the complexity of "good" teachers show a student appreciation of teachers’ tireless effort, devotion and selfless sacrifice: these aspects are absent in many discussions of good teachers. The participant-centered picture from elicited metaphor analysis is part of students’ "cultures of learning," but this should be developed culturally for the gold standard through further teacher development and student engagement. In line with interaction in cultures of learning, we indicate some classroom ways to extend students’ thinking through scaffolding teacher-student interaction based on textbook activities.

Effects of (–)-5-hydroxy-equol on the lifespan and stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans （C. elegans） was used as an animal model to study the effect of （-）-5-hydroxy-equol, a microbialmetabolite of isoflavone genistein, on the lifespan, fecundity and resistance against thermal and oxidative stress. The resultsshowed that （-）-5-hydroxy-equol not only significantly increased the lifespan of C. elegans but also significantly enhancedthe resistance against thermal and oxidative stress at the concentrations of 0.1 mmol/L and 0.2 mmol/L. However, the fecundityof C. elegans was not obviously influenced after being exposed to the same concentrations of （-）-5-hydroxy-equol. Further studieson comparative transcriptome analyses and the lifespan ofdaf-16 （mu86） mutant and daf-2 （e1370） mutant indicated that（-）-5-hydroxy-equol prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans through DAF-2/DAF-16 Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. This isthe first report that （-）-5-hydroxy-equol was able to increase the lifespan and improve the thermal and oxidative stress toleranceof C. elegans.

Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans

In this study,we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects,changes in life span,and expression of various metabolismrelated genes in Caenorhabditis elegans,using RNA interference(RNAi)and mutant strains,after 3-bromopyruvate(3-BrPA)treatment.C.elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium(NGM)plates,and their survival was monitored every 24 h.The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase(HK)genes.The average life span of C.elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group.hxk-1,hxk-2,and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA.After successfully interfering hxk-1,hxk-2,and hxk-3,the 50%lethal concentration(LC50)of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control.All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed,except cyp-35B3.The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious.The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1,cyp-35A2,cyp-35A4,cyp-35B3,and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control.Thus,the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes,and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.

Anti-aging properties of Ribes fasciculatum in Caenorhabditis elegans

The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum （ERF） on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activity of ERF was determined by lifespan assay under normal culture condition. The survival rate of nematodes under various stress conditions was assessed to validate the effects of ERF on the stress tolerance. To determine the antioxidant potential of ERF, the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were investigated. The ERF-mediated change in SOD-3 expression was examined using GFP-expressing transgenic strain. The effects of ERF on the aging-related factors were investigated by reproduction assay and pharyngeal pumping assay. The intestinal lipofuscin levels of aged nematodes were also measured. The mechanistic studies were performed using selected mutant strains. Our results indicated that ERF showed potent lifespan extension effects on the wild-type nematode under both normal and various stress conditions. The ERF treatment also enhanced the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and attenuated the intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, ERF-fed nematodes showed decreased lipofuscin accumulation, indicating ERF might affect age-associated changes in C. elegans. The results of mechanistic studies indicated that there was no significant lifespan extension in ERF-treated daf-2, age-l, sir-2.1, and daf-16 null mutants, suggesting that they were involved in ERF-mediated lifespan regulation. In conclusion, R. fasciculatum confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via SIR-2.1-mediated DAF-16 activation, dependent on the insulin/1GF signaling pathway.

Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction in aging—insights from Caenorhabditis elegans research

Dietary restriction(DR) is one of the most robust environmental manipulations that not only extend life span but also delay the onset of age-related diseases in almost every species examined. Caenorhabditis elegans plays an important role in aging studies due to its simple life cycle, easy genetic manipulations and highly conserved genome. Recent studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of DR are mediated by the highly conserved transcription factors and signaling pathways in C. elegans. Here we review recent progress in the methodology and molecular mechanisms of DR using C. elegans as a model, as well as prospects for future research.

Twists and turns—How we stepped into and had fun in the “boring” lipid field

Compared to proteins and RNAs, functional specificities associated with structural variations in fatty acids and lipids have been greatly underexplored. This review describes how our lab naively started to work on lipids 14 years ago, and how we have gradually overcome obstacles to address some interesting biological questions by combining genetics with biochemical methods on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our studies have revealed lipid variants and their metabolic pathways, in specific tissues, impact development and behaviors by regulating specific signaling events. The review also discusses the general research approach, style of lab management, and funding mechanisms that have facilitated the frequent research direction changes in the lab, including the journey into the lipid field.

Evaluation of the antioxidant property and effects in Caenorhabditis elegans of Xiangxi flavor vinegar,a Hunan local traditional vinegar

Xiangxi flavor vinegar（XV） is one of Hunan Province＇s traditional fermented vinegars.It is produced from herb,rice,and spring water with spontaneous liquid-state fermentation techniques.In this study,we investigated the antioxidant property of XV by analyzing its antioxidant compounds,its free radical scavenging property in vitro and in vivo,and its effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans.The results showed that XV is rich in antioxidants.In particular,ligustrazine reached 6.431 μg/ml.The in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical（DPPH＊）,hydroxyl radical（＊OH）,and superoxide anion radical（O2^（＊-）） scavenging rates of XV were 95.85%,97.22%,and 63.33%,respectively.The reactive oxygen species（ROS） content in XV-treated C.elegans decreased significantly（P0.01） compared to the control group.Giutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,and catalase（CAT） activities were remarkably increased（P0.01） in C.elegans after XV treatment.In addition,XV could upreguiate CED-9 protein expression and downreguiate CED-3 protein expression in C.elegans.These results prove that XV is rich in antioxidants and scavenges radicals in vitro efficiently.XV inhibits apoptosis in C.elegans probably by scavenging ROS and increasing the activities of its antioxidant enzymes.