大断面软岩隧道变形控制技术研究

隧道开挖后受地应力影响极易发生变形,严重的将导致坍方等安全事故,若侵入结构还需要二次扩挖处理。为保障软弱围岩隧道的施工安全,避免二次扩挖,结合国内外隧道的典型案例和经验,从分析围岩的强度应力比出发,针对不同的软岩类型,对预留变形量、预加固措施、弱爆破的基本原则,综合信息方法、支护措施、施工要点等内容进行归纳研究。研究表明:1)预留变形量选择要充分考虑隧道的最大地应力和不同软岩物理特性的影响;2)上台阶采取有效预加固措施后,可以实施大断面开挖;3)不同地应力环境,必须根据信息成果,针对变形特征优化设计支护参数后,变形完全能够有效控制。

我国隧道掘进钻爆技术发展综述

随着我国科学技术的蓬勃发展,全国隧道(洞)掘进钻爆技术自上世纪60年代以来至今也有长足的发展与进步。综合评述我国这40年来钻爆技术的发展,认为有三次重大质的飞跃。介绍这三次重大质的飞跃产生的背景以及所带来的极其显著的经济与社会效益。

高地应力下大断面软岩隧道支护技术

锦屏#1、#2引水洞西端工程地应力达40～50 MPa,施工前期发生了严重的大变形。本文重点介绍洞径14.6 m的马蹄形隧道采取台阶法大断面开挖过程中,在常规锚网拱喷的基础上,增设长砂浆锚杆、预应力锚杆、锚索、锚筋桩、灌浆加固,并用多种手段对工程进行监测,取得了良好的工程效果。

建设纪事

国务院安委会、住房和城乡建设部等8部门印发《关于进一步加强隧道工程安全管理的指导意见》当前我国隧道(洞)建设规模巨大,但工程本质安全水平不高,坍塌、火灾等事故时有发生,安全生产形势严峻。为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于安全生产的重要论述精神,深刻吸取近年来隧道施工安全事故教训,全面加强隧道工程安全管理,有效防控重大安全风险,2023年2月17日,国务院安委会、住房和城乡建设部等8部门印发《关于进一步加强隧道工程安全管理的指导意见》(以下简称《意见》)。

GPS/三角测高技术及其应用研究

本文针对山区施测常规水准比较困难的现状，以及求取高程异常（差）的常规重力法、几何法和混合法在山区的局限性，提出了顾及地形起伏的ＧＰＳ／三角测高方法。文中介绍了ＧＰＳ／三角测高的原理以及实现技术和精度分析等问题，最后对该方法在隧道（洞）高程控制中的应用及其效果作了阐述。

TBM施工地下水预报技术初探

钻爆法施工隧道地质超前预报技术已基本成熟,但适合于TBM施工的地质预报技术的相关报道并不多,至于TBM施工地下水的预报难度就更大了。在此基础上,提出TBM施工地下水预报研究的总体思路和具体思路。以锦屏二级电站为依托工程,分别采用HSP声波反射法、红外探测和岩体温度法进行TBM施工地下水预报。经实践验证,效果良好。同时,还对电法地下水预报技术和涌水量预测等问题进行了初步探讨。

Tunneling of Dirac Particles from Kaluza-Klein Black Hole

Applying the fermions tunneling method, proposed by Kerner and Mann recently, we discuss the tunneling characteristics of Dirac particles from the stationary Kaluza-Klein black hole. To choose Gamma matrix conveniently and avoid the ergosphere dragging effect, we perform it in the dragging coordinate frame. The result shows that Hawking temperature in this case also can be reproduced by the general Dirac equation.

An attribute recognition model for safe thickness assessment between concealed karst cave and tunnel

An attribute recognition model for safe thickness assessment between a concealed karst cave and a tunnel is established based on the attribute mathematic theory.The model can be applied to carrying out risk classification of the safe thickness between a concealed karst cave and a tunnel and to guarantee construction’s safety in tunnel engineering.Firstly,the assessment indicators and classification standard of safe thickness between a concealed karst cave and a tunnel are studied based on the perturbation method.Then some attribute measurement functions are constructed to compute the attribute measurement of each single index and synthetic attribute measurement.Finally,the identification and classification of risk assessment of safe thickness between a concealed karst cave and a tunnel are recognized by the confidence criterion.The results of two engineering application show that the evaluation results agree well with the site situations in construction.The results provide a good guidance for the tunnel construction.

Geotechnical investigations and remediation design for failure of tunnel portal section： a case study in northern Turkey

Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

Quantum Tunneling Radiation of Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter Black Hole with a Global Monopole

Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunneling model, we study the quantum tunneling radiation of Reissne- Nordstrom de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunneling rates at the event horizon and the cosmic horizon are related to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy if we take the energy conservation into consideration, and the true radiate spectrum is not precisely thermal.

Tunneling Radiation from a Static Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Surrounded by Quintessence

By extending the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework,we investigate the tunneling radiation of unchargedmassless particles from a static spherically symmetric black hole surrounded by quintessence.The results are consistentwith an underlying unitary theory.

Application of GPR reverse time migration in tunnel lining cavity imaging

Correctly locating the tunnel lining cavity is extremely important tunnel quality inspection.High-accuracy imaging results are hard to obtain because conventional one-way wave migration is greatly aff ected by lateral velocity change and inclination limitation and because the diff racted wave cannot be accurately returned to the real spatial position of the lining cavity.This paper presents a tunnel lining cavity imaging method based on the groundpenetrating radar(GPR)reverse-time migration(RTM)algorithm.The principle of GPR RTM is described in detail using the electromagnetic wave equation.The finite-difference timedomain method is employed to calculate the backward extrapolation electromagnetic fi elds,and the zero-time imaging condition based on the exploding-reflector concept is used to obtain the RTM results.On this basis,the GPR RTM program is compiled and applied to the simulated and observed GPR data of a typical tunnel lining cavity GPR model and a physical lining cavity model.Comparison of RTM and Kirchhoff migration results reveals that the RTM can better converge the diff racted waves of steel bar and cavity to their true position and have higher resolution and better suppress the eff ect of multiple interference and clutter scattering waves.In addition,comparison of RTM results of diff erent degrees of noise shows that RTM has strong anti-interference ability and can be used for the accurate interpretation of radar profi le in a strong interference environment.

Parikh-Wilczek Tunneling as Massive Particles from Noncommutative Schwarzschild Black Hole

In this paper, we apply the tunneling of massive particle through the quantum horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole in noncommutative spaeetime. The tunneling effects lead to modified Hawking radiation due to inclusion of back-reaction effects. Our calculations show also that noncommutativity effects cause the further modifications to the thermodynamical relations in black hole. We calculate the emission rate of the massive particles＇ tunneling from a Schwarzschild black hole which is modified on account of noncommutativity influences. The issues of information loss and possible correlations between emitted particles are discussed. Unfortunately even by considering noneommutativity view point, there is no correlation between different modes of evaporation at least at late-time. Nevertheless, as a result of spacetime noncommutativity, information may be conserved by a stable black hole remnant.

3D Finite Element Simulation of Tunnel Boring Machine Construction Processes in Deep Water Conveyance Tunnel

Applying stiffness migration method,a 3D finite element mechanical model is established to simulate the excavation and advance processes.By using 3D nonlinear finite element method,the tunnel boring machine(TBM) excavation process is dynamically simulated to analyze the stress and strain field status of surrounding rock and segment.The maximum tensile stress of segment ring caused by tunnel construction mainly lies in arch bottom and presents zonal distribution.The stress increases slightly and limitedly in the course of excavation.The maximum and minimum displacements of segment,manifesting as zonal distribution,distribute in arch bottom and vault respectively.The displacements slightly increase with the advance of TBM and gradually tend to stability.

Dilaton Black Hole Tunneling Radiation in de Sitter Universe

The Hawking radiation via tunneling from the dilaton black hole in de Sitter universe is investigated using Parikh Wilczek＇s method. We show that if the self-gravitational interaction and energy conservation are taken into account, the modified radiation spectrum deviates from exact thermal spectrum and satisfies the unitary theory.

New Form of Kerr-Newman Solution and Its Hawking Radiation via Tunneling

Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as semi-classical tunneling process from the event horizon of static Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstroem black holes, indicates that the factually radiant spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal spectrum after taking the self-gravitation interaction into account. In this paper, we extend Parikh-Wilzcek＇s work to research the Hawking radiation via tunneling from new form of rotating Kerr-Newman solution and obtain a corrected radiant spectrum, which is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and is not pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. Meanwhile, we point out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process and in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.

3D Finite Element Analysis of TBM Water Diversion Tunnel Segment Coupled with Seepage Field

In most studies of tunnel boring machine(TBM)tunnelling, the groundwater pressure was not considered, or was simplified and exerted on the boundary of lining structure. Meanwhile, the leakage, which mainly occurs in the segment joints, was often ignored in the relevant studies of TBM tunnelling. Additionally, the geological models in these studies were simplified to different extents, and mostly were simplified as homogenous bodies. Considering the deficiencies above, a 3D refined model of the surrounding rock of a tunnel is firstly established using NURBS-TIN-BRe P hybrid data structure in this paper. Then the seepage field of the surrounding rock considering the leakage in the segment joints is simulated. Finally, the stability of TBM water diversion tunnel is studied coupled with the seepage simulation, to analyze the stress-strain conditions, the axial force and the bending moment of tunnel segment considering the leakage in the segment joints. The results illustrate that the maximum radial displacement, the minimum principal stress, the maximum principal stress and the axial force of segment lining considering the seepage effect are all larger than those disregarding the seepage effect.

关于进一步加强隧道工程安全管理的指导意见

各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团安委会、住房和城乡建设厅(局、委)、交通运输厅(局、委)、水利厅(局)、国资委,各地区铁路监管局,民航各地区管理局,各铁路局集团公司、各铁路公司,有关中央企业:当前我国隧道(洞)建设规模巨大,但工程本质安全水平不高,坍塌、火灾等事故时有发生,安全生产形势严峻。为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于安全生产的重要论述精神,深刻吸取近年来隧道施工安全事故教训,全面加强隧道工程安全管理,有效防控重大安全风险,现提出如下意见。

Quantum Tunneling Radiation of Kerr-NUT Black Hole

Based on particles in a dynamical geometry, extending the Parikh ＇s method of quantum tunneling, radiation, we deeply investigate the quantum tunneling radiation of Kerr-NUT bhck hole. When self-gravitating action, energy conservation, and angular momentum conservation are taken into account, the emission rate of the particle on the event horizon is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the emission spectrum is not precisely thermal, but is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.

Research on the optimal design of spillway tunnel

In order to meet the needs of various tasks of water conservancy project, tunnel excavation under the ground, called hydraulic tunnel. Hydraulic tunnel according to the functions of flood discharge, water diversion, irrigation, water supply, and the construction diversion tunnel of desilting emptying. Nowadays, water conservancy project on flood discharge runnel design requirements more and more high, so the factors taken into account the amount of spillway tunnel engineering, engineering cost, structure design and other factors to evaluate nature of the spillway tunnel is very important. Therefore, in actual construction, of spillway tunnel of optimization design, whether from the economic point of view, or from the point of view of safety and applicability are necessary. This article mainly from the overall layout of flood discharge tunnel, structure design and so on, and then discuss the optimization scheme.