AIM： To assess the incidence and analyze the risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea （CDAD）after living donor liver transplantation （LDLT） in adult.METHODS： The micobiological data and medical...AIM： To assess the incidence and analyze the risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea （CDAD）after living donor liver transplantation （LDLT） in adult.METHODS： The micobiological data and medical records of 242 adult recipients that underwent LDLT at the Tokyo University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The independent risk factors for postoperative CDAD were identified.RESULTS： Postoperative CDAD occurred in 11 （5%）patients. Median onset of CDAD was postoperative d 19（range, 5-54）. In the multivariate analyses, male gender （odds ratio, 4.56） and serum creatinine （≥ 1.5 mg/dL,odds ratio, 16.0） independently predicted postoperative CDAD.CONCLUSION： CDAD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with postoperative diarrhea after LDLT.展开更多
Among the numerous themes on the suppers cited in the Bible, the Last Supper of Christ with His twelve apostles is the most poignant and rewarding for Christianity. Florentine Renaissance depictions of the theme are n...Among the numerous themes on the suppers cited in the Bible, the Last Supper of Christ with His twelve apostles is the most poignant and rewarding for Christianity. Florentine Renaissance depictions of the theme are numerous and varied, traditionally represented as a predella （step） panel and as an altarpiece in dining halls or sacristies of churches and convents. Vasari＇s Last Supper for the Refectory ofLe Murate （The Walled） in Florence is an unusual depiction of Christ＇s thanksgiving. This imposing religious structure was painted for a poor Benedictine nunnery＇s cenacolo （refectory） in Florence. Vasari completed two drawings for the commission in 1546. The drawings and painting reveal how Vasari drew upon the work of his predecessors to create an innovative expression of thanksgiving, betrayal, and departure. This large masterpiece was severely damaged, almost irreparably, by several mishaps and floods in 1583 and 1718 and, more recently, by the major Florentine alluvione （flood） of 1966. In commemoration of the 50th year anniversary of this last catastrophic event, Vasari＇s Le Mutate Last Supper was carefully and magically restored by a group of masterful technicians, artists, and scientists. Their collaboration and support from the private sector demonstrate the successful bond among art, technology, science, and patronage.展开更多
The possibility of applying a high-pressure hydro-jet for renewal of the grinding wheel cutting ability was presented.This work was conducted in the internal cylindrical grinding process of the Titanium Grade 2 alloy,...The possibility of applying a high-pressure hydro-jet for renewal of the grinding wheel cutting ability was presented.This work was conducted in the internal cylindrical grinding process of the Titanium Grade 2 alloy,which belongs to the group of hard-to-cut materials.The analysis shows that the impact on the erosion effectiveness of the grinding wheel active surface(GWAS)depends upon the hydro-jet inclination angle and working pressure.Experimental results reveal that application of hydro-jet working pressure of 25 MPa allows for effective cleansing of the grinding wheel surface.Depending on the initial GWAS condition and the level of its smearing with chips of machined material,it is possible to increase the number of grinding wheel unevenness apexes by as much as 4.5 times.展开更多
AIM To investigate the behavior of pulsatile pressure zones(PPZ's) as noted on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry(HREIM), and determine their association with dysphagia.METHODS Retrospective, single ce...AIM To investigate the behavior of pulsatile pressure zones(PPZ's) as noted on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry(HREIM), and determine their association with dysphagia.METHODS Retrospective, single center case control design scr-eening HREIM studies for cases(dysphagia) and controls(no dysphagia). Thoracic radiology studies were reviewed further in cases for(thoracic cardiovascular) thoracic cardiovascular(TCV) structures in esophageal proximity to compare with HREIM findings. Manometric data was collected for number, location, axial length, PPZ pressure and esophageal clearance function(impedance). RESULTS Among 317 screened patients, 56% cases and 64% controls had PPZ's. Fifty cases had an available thoracic radiology comparison. The distribution of PPZ's in these 50 cases and 59 controls was similar(average 1.4 PPZ/patient). Controls(mean 31.2 ± SD 12 years) were a significantly younger population than cases(mean 67.3 ± SD 14.9 years) with P < 0.0001. The upright posture PPZ pressure was higher in controls(15.7 ± 10.0 mm Hg) than cases(10.8 ± 9.7 mm Hg). Although statistically significant(P = 0.005), it was a weak predictor using logistic regression and ROC model(AUC = 0.65). Three dysphagia patients had partial compression from external TCV on radiology(1 aberrant subclavian artery, 2 dilated left atrium). The posture(supine vs upright) with more prominent PPZ's impaired bolus clearance in 9 additional cases by > 20%. CONCLUSION Transmitted TCV pulsations observed in HREIM bear no significant impact on swallowing. However, in older adults with dysphagia, evidence of impaired bolus clearance on impedance should be evaluated for external TCV compression. These associations have never been explored previously in literature, and are novel.展开更多
This article looks at how population movements are addressed by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), and highlights some of the potential implications of the SFDRR on disaster risk reduc...This article looks at how population movements are addressed by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), and highlights some of the potential implications of the SFDRR on disaster risk reduction(DRR) and mobility management work. The article looks at the operational implications of the SFDRR text and covers issues of including migrants in DRR work;informing urban development about current and future mobility trends; managing relocations, evacuations, and displacement to prevent future risks and reduce existing ones; and preparing for and managing disaster-induced population movements to reduce the direct and indirect impacts of natural hazards. Overall, the references to human mobility within the SFDRR show an evolution in the way the issue is considered within global policy dialogues. Both the potential of population movements to produce risk and their role in strengthening the resilience of people and communities are now clearly recognized. This is an evolution of previously prevailing views of mobility as the consequence of disasters or as a driver of risk. While some implications of the DRR-mobility nexus might still be missing from DRR policy, population movements are now recognized as a key global risk dynamic.展开更多
基金Supported by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan and Grants-in-aid for Research on HIV/AIDS, a multicenter pilot clinical study to compare the safety and efficacy of a steroid and steroid free immunosuppression protocol with monoclonal anti-IL2R antibody in HCV positive living donor liver transplantation and Research on Measures for Intractable Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan
文摘AIM： To assess the incidence and analyze the risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea （CDAD）after living donor liver transplantation （LDLT） in adult.METHODS： The micobiological data and medical records of 242 adult recipients that underwent LDLT at the Tokyo University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The independent risk factors for postoperative CDAD were identified.RESULTS： Postoperative CDAD occurred in 11 （5%）patients. Median onset of CDAD was postoperative d 19（range, 5-54）. In the multivariate analyses, male gender （odds ratio, 4.56） and serum creatinine （≥ 1.5 mg/dL,odds ratio, 16.0） independently predicted postoperative CDAD.CONCLUSION： CDAD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with postoperative diarrhea after LDLT.
文摘Among the numerous themes on the suppers cited in the Bible, the Last Supper of Christ with His twelve apostles is the most poignant and rewarding for Christianity. Florentine Renaissance depictions of the theme are numerous and varied, traditionally represented as a predella （step） panel and as an altarpiece in dining halls or sacristies of churches and convents. Vasari＇s Last Supper for the Refectory ofLe Murate （The Walled） in Florence is an unusual depiction of Christ＇s thanksgiving. This imposing religious structure was painted for a poor Benedictine nunnery＇s cenacolo （refectory） in Florence. Vasari completed two drawings for the commission in 1546. The drawings and painting reveal how Vasari drew upon the work of his predecessors to create an innovative expression of thanksgiving, betrayal, and departure. This large masterpiece was severely damaged, almost irreparably, by several mishaps and floods in 1583 and 1718 and, more recently, by the major Florentine alluvione （flood） of 1966. In commemoration of the 50th year anniversary of this last catastrophic event, Vasari＇s Le Mutate Last Supper was carefully and magically restored by a group of masterful technicians, artists, and scientists. Their collaboration and support from the private sector demonstrate the successful bond among art, technology, science, and patronage.
文摘The possibility of applying a high-pressure hydro-jet for renewal of the grinding wheel cutting ability was presented.This work was conducted in the internal cylindrical grinding process of the Titanium Grade 2 alloy,which belongs to the group of hard-to-cut materials.The analysis shows that the impact on the erosion effectiveness of the grinding wheel active surface(GWAS)depends upon the hydro-jet inclination angle and working pressure.Experimental results reveal that application of hydro-jet working pressure of 25 MPa allows for effective cleansing of the grinding wheel surface.Depending on the initial GWAS condition and the level of its smearing with chips of machined material,it is possible to increase the number of grinding wheel unevenness apexes by as much as 4.5 times.
文摘AIM To investigate the behavior of pulsatile pressure zones(PPZ's) as noted on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry(HREIM), and determine their association with dysphagia.METHODS Retrospective, single center case control design scr-eening HREIM studies for cases(dysphagia) and controls(no dysphagia). Thoracic radiology studies were reviewed further in cases for(thoracic cardiovascular) thoracic cardiovascular(TCV) structures in esophageal proximity to compare with HREIM findings. Manometric data was collected for number, location, axial length, PPZ pressure and esophageal clearance function(impedance). RESULTS Among 317 screened patients, 56% cases and 64% controls had PPZ's. Fifty cases had an available thoracic radiology comparison. The distribution of PPZ's in these 50 cases and 59 controls was similar(average 1.4 PPZ/patient). Controls(mean 31.2 ± SD 12 years) were a significantly younger population than cases(mean 67.3 ± SD 14.9 years) with P < 0.0001. The upright posture PPZ pressure was higher in controls(15.7 ± 10.0 mm Hg) than cases(10.8 ± 9.7 mm Hg). Although statistically significant(P = 0.005), it was a weak predictor using logistic regression and ROC model(AUC = 0.65). Three dysphagia patients had partial compression from external TCV on radiology(1 aberrant subclavian artery, 2 dilated left atrium). The posture(supine vs upright) with more prominent PPZ's impaired bolus clearance in 9 additional cases by > 20%. CONCLUSION Transmitted TCV pulsations observed in HREIM bear no significant impact on swallowing. However, in older adults with dysphagia, evidence of impaired bolus clearance on impedance should be evaluated for external TCV compression. These associations have never been explored previously in literature, and are novel.
文摘This article looks at how population movements are addressed by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), and highlights some of the potential implications of the SFDRR on disaster risk reduction(DRR) and mobility management work. The article looks at the operational implications of the SFDRR text and covers issues of including migrants in DRR work;informing urban development about current and future mobility trends; managing relocations, evacuations, and displacement to prevent future risks and reduce existing ones; and preparing for and managing disaster-induced population movements to reduce the direct and indirect impacts of natural hazards. Overall, the references to human mobility within the SFDRR show an evolution in the way the issue is considered within global policy dialogues. Both the potential of population movements to produce risk and their role in strengthening the resilience of people and communities are now clearly recognized. This is an evolution of previously prevailing views of mobility as the consequence of disasters or as a driver of risk. While some implications of the DRR-mobility nexus might still be missing from DRR policy, population movements are now recognized as a key global risk dynamic.
