The present study deals with the regeneration status of a sub- tropical forest located between 950-1100 m above sea level in Garhwal Himalaya. The vegetation was quantitatively analyzed on four different aspects i.e.,...The present study deals with the regeneration status of a sub- tropical forest located between 950-1100 m above sea level in Garhwal Himalaya. The vegetation was quantitatively analyzed on four different aspects i.e., east, west, north and south. Results of the study indicated that across the aspects, Anogeissus latifolia was dominant in tree, sapling and seedling layers in all the aspects, except north aspect where Pinus roxburghii and Terminalia tomentosa were dominant in tree and seedling layers, respectively. The highest tree layer density （380 plant.ha^-1） was recorded on south aspect and lowest （260 plant.ha^-1） on west aspect. In shrub layer, highest density was on east aspect （1790 plant.ha-1） and lowest on west aspect （970 plant.hal）. Tree and shrub layer diversity ranged between 0.846 to 1.710 and 1.943 to 2.847, respectively. The relative lopping intensity （%） was higher in Anogeissus latifolia （45%- 57% as compared to 4%-33% in other species） which is the most important tree species on all aspects, except north aspect. The present study also reveals that if the current rate of exploitation continues, the species like Anogeissus latifolia may be replaced by other species and drastic changes may occur in species composition and regeneration of the forest. The anthropogenic pressure, aspect and soil nutrients have caused changes in regeneration status and species composition of forests.展开更多
Galois rings and exponential sums over Galois rings have many applications in algebraic combinatorics, coding theory and cryptography. In this paper, we present explicit description on the Gauss sums and Jacobi sums o...Galois rings and exponential sums over Galois rings have many applications in algebraic combinatorics, coding theory and cryptography. In this paper, we present explicit description on the Gauss sums and Jacobi sums over Galois ring GR(p2 , r), and show that the values of these sums can be reduced to the Gauss sums and Jacobi sums over finite field Fpr for all non-trivial cases.展开更多
文摘The present study deals with the regeneration status of a sub- tropical forest located between 950-1100 m above sea level in Garhwal Himalaya. The vegetation was quantitatively analyzed on four different aspects i.e., east, west, north and south. Results of the study indicated that across the aspects, Anogeissus latifolia was dominant in tree, sapling and seedling layers in all the aspects, except north aspect where Pinus roxburghii and Terminalia tomentosa were dominant in tree and seedling layers, respectively. The highest tree layer density （380 plant.ha^-1） was recorded on south aspect and lowest （260 plant.ha^-1） on west aspect. In shrub layer, highest density was on east aspect （1790 plant.ha-1） and lowest on west aspect （970 plant.hal）. Tree and shrub layer diversity ranged between 0.846 to 1.710 and 1.943 to 2.847, respectively. The relative lopping intensity （%） was higher in Anogeissus latifolia （45%- 57% as compared to 4%-33% in other species） which is the most important tree species on all aspects, except north aspect. The present study also reveals that if the current rate of exploitation continues, the species like Anogeissus latifolia may be replaced by other species and drastic changes may occur in species composition and regeneration of the forest. The anthropogenic pressure, aspect and soil nutrients have caused changes in regeneration status and species composition of forests.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60973125 and 10990011)Science and Technology on Information Assurance Lab(Grant No.KJ-12-01)the Tsinghua National Lab for Information Science and Technology
文摘Galois rings and exponential sums over Galois rings have many applications in algebraic combinatorics, coding theory and cryptography. In this paper, we present explicit description on the Gauss sums and Jacobi sums over Galois ring GR(p2 , r), and show that the values of these sums can be reduced to the Gauss sums and Jacobi sums over finite field Fpr for all non-trivial cases.
