Despite the presence of bye-laws, solid waste management continues to be an issue in Mbarara municipality with households and businesses continuing to dump solid waste on open plots, low-lying areas, public spaces and...Despite the presence of bye-laws, solid waste management continues to be an issue in Mbarara municipality with households and businesses continuing to dump solid waste on open plots, low-lying areas, public spaces and rivers, or simply burning it in their backyards. This qualitative study aimed at establishing reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality and also establishing its constraints. Tools used included semi-structured questionnaires, observation and photographs. Two hundred and ninety-four participants （24 solid waste collectors, eight municipal council members and 262 community members） participated in the study. The study revealed both insufficient budget （87.5%） and insufficient equipment （50%） as the most common policy challenges in implementing proper solid waste management. Solid waste collectors not being comfortable with their salaries （79.2%）, limited sensitization regarding solid waste management （66%） and limited necessary tools （58.3%） as other challenges faced by solid waste management policy makers and implementers and finally, community members having limited awareness about laws governing solid waste management （61.1%）. In conclusion, insufficient budget, insufficient equipment, poor motivation and inadequate sensitization were found to be the major reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality, western Uganda.展开更多
The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies...The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects （different features and facilities provided）, and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies＇ tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.展开更多
文摘Despite the presence of bye-laws, solid waste management continues to be an issue in Mbarara municipality with households and businesses continuing to dump solid waste on open plots, low-lying areas, public spaces and rivers, or simply burning it in their backyards. This qualitative study aimed at establishing reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality and also establishing its constraints. Tools used included semi-structured questionnaires, observation and photographs. Two hundred and ninety-four participants （24 solid waste collectors, eight municipal council members and 262 community members） participated in the study. The study revealed both insufficient budget （87.5%） and insufficient equipment （50%） as the most common policy challenges in implementing proper solid waste management. Solid waste collectors not being comfortable with their salaries （79.2%）, limited sensitization regarding solid waste management （66%） and limited necessary tools （58.3%） as other challenges faced by solid waste management policy makers and implementers and finally, community members having limited awareness about laws governing solid waste management （61.1%）. In conclusion, insufficient budget, insufficient equipment, poor motivation and inadequate sensitization were found to be the major reasons as to why there was still improper solid waste management in Mbarara municipality, western Uganda.
文摘The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects （different features and facilities provided）, and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies＇ tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.
