知识分布、衰减程度与产业集群创新模式的内在机制研究

以知识流动为研究视角,将集群创新过程中的知识溢出、吸收能力内生化,构建包含三种创新模式下的产业集群演化模型,重点分析集群知识分布和知识衰减程度与集群创新模式的内在机制及其对创新产出的影响,并进行仿真实验。研究表明:不同知识分布下,混合创新模式的创新产出表现最好,外部吸收创新模式与内部自主创新模式呈现出不同的创新产出演化路径;在外部吸收创新和混合创新模式下,均匀分布型产业集群的创新产出表现最好,集中分布型表现次之,异质分布型表现最差,而在内部自主创新模式下,集中分布型则表现最好;不同创新模式对知识衰减的敏感程度呈现阶段性差异特征。这些结论对产业集群创新和可持续发展具有很好的理论和实践指导意义。

上海张江高科技园区创新集群模式的特征及主要政策

张江高科技园区的发展经历了以产业集群和科技创新为实质的四个阶段,创新集群模式具有六大特征:政府严格规划和大力支持、实行与市场运作相结合的管理体制、龙头企业高端切入、大力引进各级科研机构、与区域经济联动发展和产业融合实现的同时进一步推进研发合作。推动张江园区发展的主要政策可划分为三大类,关注对象主要集中在资金、人才和土地三方面,实施手段包括金融政策及税收政策,其中,2000年和2003年两项规定(意见)尤为重要。

The Path Selection Mechanism of Cluster Innovation： Dimensions, Trigger Conditions and Selection Modes

Industries that suitable for cluster innovation are often intensive in knowledge and technology, with high capital agglomeration; closely interact and corporate with each other through resources sharing. Its development is depend on many factors, such as technical reliability, human resources, its own growth potential, competition, market prospects, and the government policies, etc.. Aimed at clarifying the path selection mechanism of cluster innovation, this paper first analyze the connotation of cluster innovation and its inside factors＇ bonding relationship, then exploring the triggers and path forming dimensions of cluster innovation. Finally, it builds a path-selection model on cluster innovation, and discusses the characteristics of each side.