Correlations between estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio in wastewater treatment processes were investigated to propose a simple, reliable and comprehensive indicator for the presence of estrogenic substances. Con...Correlations between estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio in wastewater treatment processes were investigated to propose a simple, reliable and comprehensive indicator for the presence of estrogenic substances. Contrary to this, when short-term bioassays such as the E-SCREEN, receptor binding and reporter gene expression assays are used for detecting estrogenic activity in the wastewater sample, they require a long time, at least a few days. The major factors contributing to the estrogenic activity were found to be 17β-estradiol （E2） and estrone （El）. A good relationship between the DOC/ UV260 ratio and the concentration of estrogens （El and E2） in the effluent of the activated sludge process was found： the E2 concentration increased as the DOC/UV260 ratio increased while the E1 concentration decreased. The relative estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio showed a good correlation （R^2 = 0.84） for all sewage samples except the ozonized samples in the sewage treatment plants. This study shows that the estrogenic compounds are hard to be mineralized by the conventional biological processes. Advanced oxidation processes are required to further remove estrogenic substances in the secondary effluent. By analysis of DOC and UV260, the estrogenic activity in the wastewater can be rapidly estimated.展开更多
AIM: To examine the effect of increasing dietary zinc (Zn) intake and the lack of metallothionein (MT) expression on activity of small intestinal disaccharidases. METHODS: MT-Ⅰ and Ⅱ knockout (MT-/-) and wild-type (...AIM: To examine the effect of increasing dietary zinc (Zn) intake and the lack of metallothionein (MT) expression on activity of small intestinal disaccharidases. METHODS: MT-Ⅰ and Ⅱ knockout (MT-/-) and wild-type (MT+/+) female mice at 3.5 wk of age were randomly fed with a diet containing 2 (2 Zn), 15 (15 Zn) or 50 (50 Zn) mg Zn/kg (n = 8/group/genotype) for 5 wk. Small intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were collected and either fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis or snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for sucrase, lactase and maltase activity analyses.RESULTS: Plasma Zn was significantly (P < 0.05) lower (33%) in MT-/- compared with MT+/+ mice fed the 2 Zn diet. Villus height and crypt depth were increased by approximately 15% in MT+/+ mice compared with MT-/- mice. Duodenal disaccharidase activities were significantly higher in MT+/+ compared with MT-/- mice particularly in those fed the 2 Zn diet. For the 50 Zn diet, jejunal sucrase and lactase activities were significantly higher in MT-/- (13 313 ± 2314; 4107 ± 364 μmol glucose/well/min/g tissue, respectively) compared with MT+/+ mice (7054 ± 608; 1818 ± 174). Similarly, ileal lactase activities were higher in MT-/- (1480 ± 192) compared with MT+/+ (629 ± 353) mice particularly those fed the 2 Zn diet. CONCLUSION: Increasing dietary Zn has little effect on disaccharidases activity in MT wild-type mice. The presence of MT may enhance morphological and functional development of the gut.展开更多
The estrogenic activity of influents and effluents of five municipal sewage treatment works （STWs） in Nanjing was investigated. The water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction, then eluted with different p...The estrogenic activity of influents and effluents of five municipal sewage treatment works （STWs） in Nanjing was investigated. The water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction, then eluted with different polar solvents, and f＇mally three fractionated extracts were obtained. Estrogen receptor recombinant yeast screen was used to evaluate the estrogenic activity of individual fractionated extracts and their mixture. The results show that the influents and effluents of the two STWs mainly receiving industrial wastewater have no obvious estrogenic activity, and the water samples from the other three STWs mainly receiving domestic wastewater show different degrees of estrogenic activity. The total estrogenic concentration ranged from 171. 52 ng/L EEQ （E2 - equivalent concentration） to 1 008.37 ng/L EEQ in the influents, and from ND （not detected） to 36.3 ng/L EEQ in the effluents. By comparing the results of different fractionated extracts, the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the water samples show higher estrogenic activity, while the hexane extracts very low. The （xeno）estrogens from domestic wastewater could be removed obviously by activated sludge treatment units. However, the effluents of STWs in Nanjing still have chemical contaminants capable of binding to estrogen receptors.展开更多
The unsaponifiable compounds derived from the fresh green beans of Vanilla siamens＆ Rol. ex. Dow were assayed for the first time to detect their estrogenic activity. We used a simple screening method using the yeast ...The unsaponifiable compounds derived from the fresh green beans of Vanilla siamens＆ Rol. ex. Dow were assayed for the first time to detect their estrogenic activity. We used a simple screening method using the yeast two hybrid system based on the binding of a ligand to estrogen receptors. Yeast cells carrying the hER （human estrogen receptor） gene, ERE （estrogen response elements） and lacZ （β-galactosidase gene） are very suitable for screening and sensitive analysis of estrogenic compound. Our results showed that V. siamensis plant extracts bind with relatively affinity to YES- hERa was 2.27-fold the relative potency ofestradiol （E2） in YES-hERa. The effects of phytoestrogen activity on the osteoblast cells were examined on the proliferation of hFOB 1.19 cells and the bone mineralization process. V. siamens＆ was a positive screening result and induced mineralization ofosteoblasts. This study indicated that V. siamensis plant extract exhibited the characteristic effects of a nature bone promoter compound as phytoestrogen.展开更多
文摘Correlations between estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio in wastewater treatment processes were investigated to propose a simple, reliable and comprehensive indicator for the presence of estrogenic substances. Contrary to this, when short-term bioassays such as the E-SCREEN, receptor binding and reporter gene expression assays are used for detecting estrogenic activity in the wastewater sample, they require a long time, at least a few days. The major factors contributing to the estrogenic activity were found to be 17β-estradiol （E2） and estrone （El）. A good relationship between the DOC/ UV260 ratio and the concentration of estrogens （El and E2） in the effluent of the activated sludge process was found： the E2 concentration increased as the DOC/UV260 ratio increased while the E1 concentration decreased. The relative estrogenic activity and DOC/UV260 ratio showed a good correlation （R^2 = 0.84） for all sewage samples except the ozonized samples in the sewage treatment plants. This study shows that the estrogenic compounds are hard to be mineralized by the conventional biological processes. Advanced oxidation processes are required to further remove estrogenic substances in the secondary effluent. By analysis of DOC and UV260, the estrogenic activity in the wastewater can be rapidly estimated.
基金Supported by (in part) the MS McLeod Post-Doctoral Fellowship obtained from the Women’s and Children’s Hospital Foundation (to Tran CD)
文摘AIM: To examine the effect of increasing dietary zinc (Zn) intake and the lack of metallothionein (MT) expression on activity of small intestinal disaccharidases. METHODS: MT-Ⅰ and Ⅱ knockout (MT-/-) and wild-type (MT+/+) female mice at 3.5 wk of age were randomly fed with a diet containing 2 (2 Zn), 15 (15 Zn) or 50 (50 Zn) mg Zn/kg (n = 8/group/genotype) for 5 wk. Small intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were collected and either fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis or snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for sucrase, lactase and maltase activity analyses.RESULTS: Plasma Zn was significantly (P < 0.05) lower (33%) in MT-/- compared with MT+/+ mice fed the 2 Zn diet. Villus height and crypt depth were increased by approximately 15% in MT+/+ mice compared with MT-/- mice. Duodenal disaccharidase activities were significantly higher in MT+/+ compared with MT-/- mice particularly in those fed the 2 Zn diet. For the 50 Zn diet, jejunal sucrase and lactase activities were significantly higher in MT-/- (13 313 ± 2314; 4107 ± 364 μmol glucose/well/min/g tissue, respectively) compared with MT+/+ mice (7054 ± 608; 1818 ± 174). Similarly, ileal lactase activities were higher in MT-/- (1480 ± 192) compared with MT+/+ (629 ± 353) mice particularly those fed the 2 Zn diet. CONCLUSION: Increasing dietary Zn has little effect on disaccharidases activity in MT wild-type mice. The presence of MT may enhance morphological and functional development of the gut.
基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.05-0481)
文摘The estrogenic activity of influents and effluents of five municipal sewage treatment works （STWs） in Nanjing was investigated. The water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction, then eluted with different polar solvents, and f＇mally three fractionated extracts were obtained. Estrogen receptor recombinant yeast screen was used to evaluate the estrogenic activity of individual fractionated extracts and their mixture. The results show that the influents and effluents of the two STWs mainly receiving industrial wastewater have no obvious estrogenic activity, and the water samples from the other three STWs mainly receiving domestic wastewater show different degrees of estrogenic activity. The total estrogenic concentration ranged from 171. 52 ng/L EEQ （E2 - equivalent concentration） to 1 008.37 ng/L EEQ in the influents, and from ND （not detected） to 36.3 ng/L EEQ in the effluents. By comparing the results of different fractionated extracts, the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the water samples show higher estrogenic activity, while the hexane extracts very low. The （xeno）estrogens from domestic wastewater could be removed obviously by activated sludge treatment units. However, the effluents of STWs in Nanjing still have chemical contaminants capable of binding to estrogen receptors.
文摘The unsaponifiable compounds derived from the fresh green beans of Vanilla siamens＆ Rol. ex. Dow were assayed for the first time to detect their estrogenic activity. We used a simple screening method using the yeast two hybrid system based on the binding of a ligand to estrogen receptors. Yeast cells carrying the hER （human estrogen receptor） gene, ERE （estrogen response elements） and lacZ （β-galactosidase gene） are very suitable for screening and sensitive analysis of estrogenic compound. Our results showed that V. siamensis plant extracts bind with relatively affinity to YES- hERa was 2.27-fold the relative potency ofestradiol （E2） in YES-hERa. The effects of phytoestrogen activity on the osteoblast cells were examined on the proliferation of hFOB 1.19 cells and the bone mineralization process. V. siamens＆ was a positive screening result and induced mineralization ofosteoblasts. This study indicated that V. siamensis plant extract exhibited the characteristic effects of a nature bone promoter compound as phytoestrogen.
