逆灸关元穴对自然更年期大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体α和促肾上腺激素释放激素及血浆促肾上腺激素的调节

目的:观察逆灸关元穴对更年期大鼠下丘脑和血液中应激激素及下丘脑室旁核雌激素受体的影响,探究逆灸对更年期大鼠应激影响及中枢雌激素受体α调节机制。方法:实验于2003-11/2004-06在北京中医药大学针灸学院针灸机理实验室完成。①选用健康SD雌性大鼠128只。其中,4月龄(年轻)16只为年轻正常组。随机将10月龄大鼠112只分为7组:12,14,16月龄逆灸组;10,12,14,16月龄对照组;每组16只。自然老化鼠。所有逆灸组大鼠均在10月龄开始艾炷灸,将艾炷点燃后,直接放置在关元穴上施灸,每次灸一壮。灸后局部皮肤略潮红。1周灸2次,共灸8周。10,12,14,16月龄对照组及年轻正常组除轻抓仰躺外不做其他处理。②每组取10只采用放射免疫法测定下丘脑促肾上腺激素释放激素、血浆促肾上腺激素水平。每组取其余6只采用免疫组化法测定下丘脑雌激素受体α含量。③组间计量资料差异比较采用单因素方差分析。结果:大鼠128只均进入结果分析。①下丘脑室旁核雌激素受体α表达:各模型对照组随增龄,呈波动上升趋势,14和16月龄对照组明显高于年轻正常组(P<0.05,0.01)。各逆灸组均低于同月龄对照组,其中逆灸16月龄组明显低于16月龄对照组(P<0.05)。②下丘脑促肾上腺激素释放激素含量:模型对照各组随增龄呈波动下降趋势,14和16月龄组明显低于年轻正常组(P<0.05～0.01)。逆灸14月龄组明显低于同龄对照组(P<0.05)。③血浆促肾上腺激素水平:模型对照和逆灸各组随增龄升高,14和16月龄组明显高于年轻正常组(P<0.01)。逆灸12和16月龄与同月龄对照组相近(P>0.05),逆灸14月龄组明显低于同月龄对照组(P<0.05)。结论:随增龄更年期大鼠处在一种应激紊乱与失调状态,逆灸可使随后12,14,16月龄大鼠紊乱的应激激素得到一定的调整,并这种作用可能与逆灸调节下丘脑雌激素受体α表达有关。

雌激素在多发性硬化中的免疫调节作用

多发性硬化(MS)是一种CNS慢性脱髓鞘疾病,实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是研究MS的理想动物模型。目前已证实雌激素在MS和EAE中可从细胞免疫、体液免疫和抗原呈递等各方面发挥广泛的免疫调节作用,但雌激素复杂的免疫调节机制仍待探讨。

乳腺癌钼靶X线表现与雌激素受体表达相关性的研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌钼靶X线表现与雌激素受体(ER)表达之间的相关性。方法:将180例乳腺癌患者X线征象中钙化、毛刺、结构紊乱、病变密度增高、边缘浸润及是否同时合并乳腺囊性增生症与经免疫组织化学染色测定ER表达进行对照研究。结果:180例乳腺癌患者中,有钙化者98例,占54.4%;出现毛刺征75例,占41.7%;结构紊乱72例,占40%;病变区表现为高密度90例,占50%;有边缘浸润者96例,占53.5%;乳腺癌同时合并乳腺囊性增生症91例,占50.6%。ER表达阳性100例,占55.6%。毛刺征、边缘浸润征组及同时合并乳腺囊性增生症者ER阳性表达率高;结构紊乱、病变区高密度ER阳性表达率低,钙化征与ER表达无关。结论:乳腺癌钼靶X线征象在一定程度上反映了ER表达状态。

外源性雌激素疗法治疗绝经期妇女38例临床观察

目的探讨绝经期妇女卵巢功能衰退常见病的临床有效治疗方法。方法采用外源性雌激疗法,雌激素0.5 mg,安宫黄体酮4 mg,3次/周,连用3周;外用阴道塞药法,将雌激素0.5 mg,地塞米松0.75 mg,葡萄糖粉0.5 g,硼酸粉0.5 g,研末上阴道内,1次/周,二周为一疗程,心理疗法进行治疗,结果治疗38例,有效率在90%。结论合理的外源性雌激疗法对延缓绝经期妇女衰老有显著疗效,尤其对老年阴道炎患者,其配方简单,疗效可靠,而且无痛苦,无不良反应。

中药植物雌激素受体调节剂筛选研究中的问题与对策

中药植物雌激素是近年来研究的一个热点,但目前的研究中还存在着很多的问题,如中药含有植物雌激素成分的判断标准值得商榷、具体作用的受体需明确、药物血清实验方法尚需改进、植物雌激素具体作用机制有待阐明等。针对这些问题,可以从以下研究方向展开植物雌激素筛选的研究,从结构上寻找中药的活性成分、能影响雌激素受体表达、揭示雌激素受体之间的关系,以及明确植物雌激素的作用靶点。

达英_35与雌孕激素联用方案治疗功能性子宫出血的临床疗效探索

目的:研究达英_35与雌孕激素联用方案治疗功能性子宫出血的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院在2010年3月~2014年1月间收治80例患者的临床资料,随机将患者分为两组,每组各40例病例,对照组采用雌激素治疗,观察组采用雌激素与达英_35联合治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果观察组中有31例患者治愈,8例患者治疗有效,总有效率为97.5%;对照组中有23例患者治愈,6例患者治疗有效,72.5%。观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组,对比差异显著。具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中有1例患者发生副作用,发生率为2.5%;10.0%对照组中有4例患者发生副作用,副作用率为10.0%,观察组副作用率明显低于对照组,对比存在显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用达英_35联合雌孕激素治疗,有利于提高临床疗效,值得临床推广。

小鼠卵母细胞氯化锶激活条件

以昆明小鼠为试验对象 ,研究了氯化锶 (Sr Cl2 )浓度、激活处理时间以及卵龄对卵母细胞 Sr Cl2 孤雌活化的影响。h CG注射后 18h的小鼠卵母细胞在 1.6、5 .0、10、2 0 m mol/L Sr Cl2 的激活液中处理 10 min,各组间的激活率 (原核期卵母细胞的比例 )无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 10、2 0 mmol/L Sr Cl2 组发育至 2 -、4 -细胞期比率 (5 9.2 6 %、2 0 .37% ,6 3.79%、2 0 .6 9% )显著高于 1.6、5 .0 mm ol/L 组 (2 9.6 3%、9.2 6 % ,4 7.0 6 %、7.84 % ) (P<0 .0 5 )。只有 2 0 mmol/L 组的少数激活卵母细胞 (3.4 5 % )发育至桑椹胚阶段。 10、2 0 mmol/L Sr Cl2 组处理 2 0、4 0、6 0 min,2组间的活化率无显著性差异 ;处理 4 0 min,2 0 m mol/L 组的桑椹胚和囊胚发育率 (6 4 .4 4 % ,2 2 .2 2 % )均显著高于 10 mmol/L 组 (30 .36 % ,11.6 1% ) ;处理 6 0 min,10 mmol/L 组的桑椹胚和囊胚发育率 (84 .6 8% ,4 6 .77% )均显著高于 2 0 mmol/L 组(6 7.4 6 % ,2 8.5 7% )。 10 mmol/L Sr Cl2 处理 2 0、4 0、6 0、180、36 0 m in,其活化率和 2 -细胞的发育率无显著性差异。 6 0、180 min处理组的囊胚发育率 (49.5 8%、4 7.5 9% )差异不显著 ,但 2者均显著高于 2 0、4 0、36 0 m in组 (4.5 0 %、12 .2 4

消炎汤对萎缩性阴道炎大鼠激素代谢的影响

目的:观察消炎汤对萎缩性阴道炎大鼠激素水平的影响,探讨其治疗作用机制。方法;采用摘除卵巢法制备萎缩性阴道炎大鼠模型。大鼠随机分为7组:空白对照组,模型对照组,消炎汤20g.10g.5 g生药/kg剂量组,千金片组和雌二醇组,术后自然喂养20d后开始给药,给药14d。测定各组大鼠阴道pH值,子宫和阴道指数,血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)雌二醇(E,)、黄体生成激素(LH)和衰老因子丙二醛(MDA).超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型对照组大鼠阴道pH值明显升高(P<0.01),子宫及阴道指数明显降低(P<0.01),血清中E,、MDA和SOD含量明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.01),FSH的含量明显增加(P<0.01),而LH的含量无变化。与模型对照组比较,消炎汤各剂量组均能不同程度地降低模型大鼠阴道pH值和血清中FSH的水平,增加模型大鼠阴道指数、血清中E和SOD的水平,尤以20g生药/kg组效果为佳(P<0.05)。结论:消炎汤通过增加体内雌激素含量和降低自由基水平来改善了阴道的内环境,从而达到治疗萎缩性阴道炎的目的。

雌二醇对大鼠视前区—下丘脑前部温度敏感神经元放电活动的影响

目的 :探讨雌激素影响体温中枢的作用机理 ,并为视前区—下丘脑前部 ( PO/ AH )温度—性激素敏感相关神经元的存在提供电生理依据。方法 :采用微电极细胞外记录神经元放电的方法 ,记录肌肉注射苯甲酸雌二醇对大鼠 PO/ AH温度敏感神经元放电活动的影响。结果 :5 0只大鼠 PO/ AH ,记录到 2 9例温度敏感神经元 ,其中热敏神经元 2 2例 ,冷敏神经元 7例。苯甲酸雌二醇对 9例热敏神经元呈明显的增频效应 ,对 4例冷敏神经元表现为减频效应。结论 :雌激素对体温的影响是直接或间接通过改变 PO/ AH温度—性激素相关神经元的电活动而实现的。

尼尔雌醇在妇女绝经后取环术中的应用体会

目前妇女绝经年龄普遍推迟,放置宫内节育器(IUD)的年限也相应延长,有的绝经妇女由于无不适症状,加上有思想顾虑而一直未取器,致使取器难度增加,现在在取器一周前给妇女服尼尔雌醇,改善生殖器条件后取IUD,取得满意效果,现报道如下.

替勃龙对术后辅助放疗的宫颈鳞癌患者生活质量的影响

宫颈癌是女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位,在发展中国家居首位[1]。据世界卫生组织统计全世界平均每年发生宫颈癌45.9万例,其中我国每年平均宫颈癌发病率为13.15万例,占世界子宫颈癌新发病例总数的28.8%,过去50年宫颈癌的高发年龄集中在40岁至50岁,近年来20岁至30岁的患者逐年增多[2]。郭科军等[3]报道年龄【

托瑞米芬对更年期大鼠骨与子宫组织的选择性调节作用

目的了解托瑞米芬对更年期大鼠骨与子宫组织的选择性调节作用。方法30只SD雌性大鼠(12m龄)随机分为更年组(生理盐水灌胃每只1mLd),雌激素组予戊酸雌二醇800μgkg·d灌胃,托瑞米芬组予6mgkg·d灌胃。3个月后处死动物,测定血清E2水平、称子宫湿重、DPXL型双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎与股骨骨密度,IMS细胞自动图像分析系统测定子宫腔上皮厚度(μm)、子宫间质厚度(μm)、子宫横切面面积(mm2)进行计量分析,RTPCR技术测定子宫内膜ERαmRNA表达。结果托瑞米芬组子宫湿重、子宫(除腔上皮以外)的各计量参数、子宫内膜ERαmRNA表达水平均明显低于雌激素组和更年组;而腰椎与股骨骨密度值与雌激素组无明显差异,均大于更年组。结论托瑞米芬对更年期大鼠骨组织呈类雌激素样作用,对子宫及内膜组织呈抗雌激素作用。其抗雌激素效应与ERαmRNA表达下降有关,并与机体激素环境有关。

Effects of Oestrogen on Ischemia-induced Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats

To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control surgery group with eestrogen administration （SE）, the control surgery group with normal saline administration （SN）, the middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） group with oestrogen administration （ME） and the MCAO group with normal saline administration （MN）. The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus（P 〈 0.05）. BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group（P 〈 0.05）. In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.

Changes of Estrogen in Serum and Estrogen Receptor β in the Relevant Brain Regions Following Mating Behavior of the Male Mandarin Vole Microtus mandarinus

In order to investigate the estrogen and estrogen receptor β changes after mating behavior of male mandarin vole （Microtus mandarinus）, the radioimmunoassay （RIA） and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate changes of the serum estrogen （E） concentrations, estrogen immunoreactive neurons （E-IRs） and estrogen receptor β immunoreactive neurons （ERβ-IRs） in the relevant brain regions following mating behavior. Fifteen sexually matured male voles were randomly divided into three groups and treated differently： （1） control group： voles were exposed to clean hard-wood shavings （n=5）, （2） exposure group： voles were exposed to the soiled bedding for more than 24h on which estrous females had been placed （n=5）, and （3） mating group： voles were placed with an estrous female for more than 24h （n=5）. The results showed circulating serum E concentrations were significantly higher in the mating group than in the exposure group and the control group, and there were no significant difference between the exposure group and the control group. E-IRs and ERβ-IRs were detected in the following brain regions related to mating behavior： the arcuate nucleus （ARC）, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis （BST）, lateral septal nucleus （LS）, medial amygdaloid nucleus （ME）, medial preoptic area （MPO） and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus （VMH）. The results showed that there were significantly more E-IRs in the six brain regions in the mating group than in the control group and the exposure group, and there were no significant difference between the exposure group and the control group except for LS. There was no significant difference in ERβ-IRs in the six brain regions among the three groups, and there were some lighter -stained ERβ-IRs in these brain regions. The results suggested that estrogen affect mating activity of male mandarin voles, but ERβ might not play an important role in mating behavior of male mandarin voles. Instead, it might be through other receptors.

Association of CA Repeat Polymorphism in Estrogen Receptor β Gene with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Chinese

Postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMO） is considered a polygenic disease. The estrogen receptor β （ESR2） gene is a candidate mediating the genetic influence on bone mass and the risk of osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of a cytosine-adenine （CA） repeat polymorphism in the fifth intron of the ESR2 gene with PMO in Chinese Han population. The CA repeat polymorphism was genotyped in a case-control study, involving 78 femoral neck PMO patients vs. 122 controls and 108 lumbar spine （L2-4） PMO patients vs. 92 controls. The （CA）n〈22 and （CA）n≥22 alleles were designated short （S） and long （L）, respectively. ESR2 genotype was categorically defined as SS （2 S alleles）, SL （having the mixed S and L alleles）, and LL （2 L alleles）. At both the femoral neck and the L2-4 region, LL genotype and L allele frequencies of the PMO group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P〈0.01）. The subjects with the SL, the LL, and the combined SL and LL genotype had a significant increased risk of PMO when compared with those with the SS genotype （P〈0.05）. After adjustments for age, years since menopause, menopausal age, and body mass index, logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with the combined SL and LL genotype had increased risk of PMO when compared with those with the SS genotype both at the femoral neck （adjusted OR 4.923, 95% CI 1.986-12.203 , P=0.001） and the L2-4 （adjusted OR 2.267, 95% CI 1.121-4.598, P=0.023）. This extensive association study has identified the ESR2 CA repeat polymorphism to be independently associated with PMO at the femoral neck and the L2-4 in Chinese Han population. The data also suggested that the presence of the L allele may dominantly increase the risk of PMO at the two regions.

Effect of Estrogen and Antiestrogen on Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity of Endometrial Carcinoma Cell Line

Objective: To study the effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on chemotherapeutic sensitivity in ER(+) endometrial carcinoma cells.Methods: DNA fragmentation as the criteria for apoptotic cell death was used to evaluate the value of estrogen, tamoxifen and adriamycin in ER(+) endometrial carcinoma cells. DNA fragmentation was measured with the cell death ELISA.Results: Adriamycin and tamoxifen could induce apoptosis in ER(+) endometrial carcinoma cell. The cell apoptosis level was decreased with the increasing of 17-β-estradiol concentration (P<0.001) and was inversely proportional to 17-β-estradiol concentration (IgM) (P<0.01). The cell apoptosis level was increased with the increasing of tamoxifen concentration (P<0.01) and was also directly proportional to tamoxifen concentration (IgM). Furthermore, the cell apoptosis level was increased significantly after treated with both tamoxifen and adriamycin.Conclusion: Estrogen may block apoptosis induced by adriamycin in ER(+) endometrial carcinoma cell. Tamoxifen can increase the sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma cell to adriamycin. Tamoxifen combined with chemotherapeutic drug may be of significant therapeutic benefit in ER(+) endometrial carcinoma. Key words endometrial carcinoma - estrogen - tamoxifen - adriamycin - cell apoptosis