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雪崩的监测研究综述 被引量:1
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作者 汶林科 贾靖 姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期1679-1702,共24页
雪崩是藏东南地区非常严重的一种自然灾害,准确且及时地监测并获得雪崩活动信息在雪崩灾害的减灾防灾中发挥着最为重要的作用。雪崩活动的监测包括实地监测和遥感监测两种基本类型,其中实地监测可以采取雪体试验、定点长期监测和次声地... 雪崩是藏东南地区非常严重的一种自然灾害,准确且及时地监测并获得雪崩活动信息在雪崩灾害的减灾防灾中发挥着最为重要的作用。雪崩活动的监测包括实地监测和遥感监测两种基本类型,其中实地监测可以采取雪体试验、定点长期监测和次声地震波三种方法,不同方法相互印证会取得更好的监测效果。近年来随着摄影测量及航空航天科技的发展,遥感监测在雪崩的灾害管理、预测预警以及工程防治中的作用也愈加重要。与实地观测和定点监测相比,雪崩的遥感监测不直接接触不稳定性积雪,所以安全性更高。雪崩的遥感监测采用光学、激光和雷达三种传感器,搭载在地面、航空或者卫星平台之上,可以对不同空间尺度的雪崩进行临时或连续性观测。不同的传感器及平台都有各自的优势和局限性,在实际的雪崩监测中需根据成本、可到达性以及观测目标等因素灵活应用。大范围雪崩的自动监测及其算法问题依然是雪崩遥感监测的难点。藏东南是湿雪雪崩的高发地区,可以采用实地观测和高分辨率的RS-2U雷达影像相结合的方法进行长期监测,并采用哨兵-1号、SPOT或QuickBird光学影像进行验证。波密嘎隆拉隧道附近是藏东南雪崩的高发区,又是连接波密县和墨脱县的主要公路,适合建设固定的雪崩观测站进行长期观测。 展开更多
关键词 雪崩 遥感 雪崩监测 藏东南
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Analysis of Detected Avalanches Using Meteorological Data of Nearby Monitoring Stations in Ischgl, Austria
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作者 Lisa Jobstl Arnold Studeregger +2 位作者 Amulf Wurzer Daniel Stock Richard Koschuh 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2014年第2期87-90,共4页
A set of detected avalanches from January to April 2012 on a hillside southeast of lschgl, Austria is given. The avalanches are off-the-cut or caused by blast. The meteorological data of two monitoring stations nearby... A set of detected avalanches from January to April 2012 on a hillside southeast of lschgl, Austria is given. The avalanches are off-the-cut or caused by blast. The meteorological data of two monitoring stations nearby the hillside are taken for analysing the weather situation. The meteorological parameters air temperature, wind intensity and wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation and snow depth are investigated for similarities short before and during an avalanche. The avalanches are grouped into three categories and meteorological characteristics are found for each category. Thereby the avalanche hazard for the observed hillside is better assessed and an infrastructure safety by avalanche control due to concerted avalanche blasts is more effective. The result of the analysis shows three kinds of hazard weather conditions, which increase the avalanche hazard: warm air temperatures cause a settlement of the snow pack, but in the beginning of the process a weakening in the snow pack happens. Rapidly decreasing of the air temperature cause cracks in the snow pack and the combination of fresh snow and strong wind speed leads to accumulation of snow on sheltered slopes. 展开更多
关键词 Detected avalanches meteorological weather stations avalanche danger snow pack
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