两股互击式喷嘴雾化性能实验研究

用激光全息及图像处理技术,研究了双股互击式喷嘴的雾化性能。实验发现,喷嘴的撞击夹角增大、孔径比减小、两射流的动量比减小均会使喷雾的破碎长度和液滴直径减小。在初始雾化区域,液膜和液丝的速度与射流的速度基本相同,液滴的运动速度略小于射流速度。通过实验数据的分析整理,获得了喷雾的索特尔平均直径的经验公式。

低雾化性加脂剂的研究进展

低雾化性是生产家具革,特别是汽车、飞机等座垫用革的特殊要求。介绍了多功能低雾化性加脂剂的研究进展及其皮革加工过程和材料对皮革雾值的影响。指出今后低雾化性加脂剂将会朝着多功能、系列化的方向发展。

汽车内饰材料雾化性质控研究

本文主要对不同品牌的邻苯二甲酸二异葵酯(DIDP)进行了雾化性研究,研究结果表明不同品牌DIDP的雾化性结果不一样,出现这种差异性主要与DIDP的生产工艺有关,工艺不一样存在的挥发性物质不一样,易挥发组分的密度、对光的折射以及透射情况也就不一样,因此其雾化性结果也会存在差异。本文还对两种品牌设备进行了光泽度法试验比较,发现不同品牌设备雾化性结果存在差异,产生这种差异性的主要原因是不同品牌设备间恒温槽导热油的液位存在差异。

生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的雾化蒸发性能研究

生物柴油是典型的绿色能源,与石化柴油理化性质相似。生物柴油对推进能源替代,减轻环境压力,控制由汽车尾气引起的城市大气污染具有重要的意义。文章通过实验研究了生物柴油与石化柴油混合燃料在不同掺混比例下的雾化和蒸发性。结果表明:随着生物柴油掺混比例的增加,混合燃料的密度、运动黏度、闪点和馏出温度均呈不同程度上升趋势,在某些掺混比例下都略微超出标准规定,也就是说,掺混比例增大使调和油的蒸发性和雾化性变差。

生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的雾化蒸发性能研究

通过实验研究了生物柴油与石化柴油混合燃料在不同掺混比例下的雾化和蒸发性。结果表明：随着生物柴油掺混比例的增加，混合燃料的密度、运动黏度、闪点和馏出温度均呈不同程度上升趋势，在某些掺混比例下都略微超出标准规定，也就是说，掺混比例增大使调和油的蒸发性和雾化性变差。

如何使柴油充分燃烧

1、正确选用柴油牌号 柴油的性能主要包括:低温流动性、雾化性、蒸发性、自然性、腐蚀性、结炭性、结胶性和磨损性等。不同种类的柴油其各项性能也不同,从保证燃油充分燃烧和经济使用角度看,主要考虑柴油的粘度和凝点两个主要指标。这两个指标是低温流动性和雾化性的主要影响因素,应根据不同机型和不同季节选用不同牌号的柴油。高、中速运转的柴油机选用轻柴油,低速动转的柴油机选用重柴油;冬季及寒冷地区选用-10、-20、-35号柴油,在夏季选号0。

如何使柴油机燃油充分燃烧

柴油机燃油充分燃烧,不仅使宝贵的能源得到充分利用,降低柴油机对大气的污染程度,而且还能延长柴油机机件使用寿命。怎样使柴油机燃油得到充分燃烧呢? 一、油料选择方面柴油的性能主要包括:低温流动性、雾化性、蒸发性、自然性、腐蚀性、结碳性、结胶性和磨损性等。不同种类的柴油其各项性能也不同,从保证燃油充分燃烧和经济使用角度看,主要考虑粘度和凝点两个指标。

Effects of Calcium Oxide on Physicochemical Properties of Spray-dried Bayberry Powder

[Objective] Effects of different contents of calcium oxide on physicochemi- cal properties of spray-dried bayberry powder were studied. [Method] Bayberry pow- der produced from bayberry juice adding 0, 2 and 4 g/L calcium oxide using the spray drying technique has been selected. The physicochemical properties of the spray-dried bayberry powder were investigated by determining moisture content, colour, apparent density, wettability, angle of repose and moisture absorption rate of bayberry powder. [Result] The results showed that the content of calcium oxide had a significant effect on the moisture content and colour of bayberry powder. Effects of different contents of calcium oxide on the apparent density of spray-dried bayber- ry powder were not obvious. Adding calcium oxide had a significant effect on the wettability, angle of repose and moisture absorption rate of spray-dried bayberry powder, nevertheless, there was not obvious difference on these properties between adding 2 and 4 g/L calcium oxide. [Conclusion] The results confirmed that the con- tent of calcium oxide had a significant effect on the properties of spray-dried bay- berry powder.

正确使用柴油机，让柴油充分燃烧的“三步曲”

一、选好油 柴油的性能主要包括：低温流动性、雾化性、蒸发性、腐蚀性、结炭性、结胶性和磨损性等。不同种类的柴油其各项性能也不同，为了保证柴油充分燃烧和经济使用角度看，主要考虑柴油的粘度和凝点两个主要性能指标。这两个指标是低温流动性和雾化性的主要影响因素，

预热摇车不能供油

在冬季气候寒冷的条件下,柴油流动性、雾化性能差,机体温度又低,柴油发动机在冷车状态下不易起动。为便于起动。

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO_4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 （LFP） cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5-5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 ℃. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 ℃ are composed of numerous particles with sizes of -20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 mE/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 ℃ are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA.h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li＋ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.

High pressure EIGA preparation and 3D printing capability of Ti-6Al-4V powder

Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy powder was processed by electrode induction melting gas atomization(EIGA)at high gas pressure(5.5-7.0 MPa).The effects of atomizing gas pressure on the powder characteristics and the microstructure,along with the mechanical properties of the as-fabricated block by laser melting deposition(LMD),were investigated.The results indicate that the diameters of powders are distributed in a wide range of sizes from 1 to 400μm,and the median powder size(d50)decreases with increasing gas pressure.The powders with a size fraction of 100-150μm obtained at gas pressures of 6.0 and 6.5 MPa have better flowability.The oxygen content is consistent with the change trend of gas pressure within a low range of 0.06%-0.20%.Specimens fabricated by LMD are mainly composed ofα+βgrains with a fine lamellar Widmanstatten structures and have the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength of approximately 1100 and 1000 MPa,respectively.Furthermore,the atomized powders have a favorable 3 D printing capability,and the mechanical properties of Ti-6 Al-4 V alloys manufactured by LMD typically exceed those of their cast or wrought counterparts.

Sintering microstructure and properties of copper powder prepared by electrolyzation and atomization

The almost completely dense copper was prepared by ultrafine copper powder prepared with both methods of electrolysis and novel water-gas atomization through cold isostatic pressing(CIP)and sintering under atmospheric hydrogen.Fine copper powder possesses the higher sintering driving force,thereby promoting shrinkage and densification during the sintering process.The grain size of sintered samples by electrolytic copper powder is smaller than that prepared by the atomized copper powder,and the twin crystals are particularly prone to forming in the former sintered microstructure due to the raw powder with low oxygen content and high residual stress originating from the CIP process.The relative density of samples by electrolytic and atomized powder at 1000℃ sintering temperature achieves 99.3%and 97.4%,respectively,significantly higher than that of the powder metallurgy copper parts reported in the literature.Correspondingly,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of samples by both kinds of copper powder are approximately similar,while the elongation of the sintered sample by the electrolytic powder(60%)is apparently higher than the atomized powder(44%).The superior performance of samples fabricated by electrolytic powder is inferred from the full density and low oxygen level for there is no cuprous oxide in the grain boundaries.

TCM aerosol inhalation treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis： a meta-analysis

Objectives： To determine whether traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） aerosol inhalation treatment is effective inthe treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Methods： Search double-blind randomised clinical trials（RCT） about the use of TCM aerosol inhalation in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis via database including Chinese biomedicine literature database, Wanfang Data, CNKI, Pubmed, EMBASE and CochraneLibrary from the beginning to October 2016. Quality evaluation, data extraction and data analysis of these RCT wascarried out with reference to the Cochrane systematic review. Results： 16 studies with 738 patients in TCM aerosolinhalation group and 675 in control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed, （1） TCM aerosolinhalation group could improve the total cure rate. （2） TCM aerosol inhalation could increase the expression of IL-2while decrease the expression of IL-8 and MDA in sputum and blood. （3） TCM aerosol inhalation could improvethe symptoms of cough, cough with sputum, cough with dyspnea and lung wet rales. It also improve the symptomsof cough, expectorate and lung wet rales. （4） Shorten the time of cough and lung rale. （5） The adverse reactionswere light only with 1 occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Conclusions： The use of TCM aerosol inhalation in thetreatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was effective. However, the inclusion researches quality werenot very high, which only provided limited evidence for clinical application. Higher-quality randomized controlledtrials were needed for further study.

Fabrication of miniature helical gears by powder extrusion using gas atomized Zn-22%Al powder

Powder extrusion, which is based on the superplastic behavior of Zn-22%A1 eutectoid alloy, was proposed to reduce the forming load and promises to provide fine microstructures in the manufacture of miniature helical gears. The specifications of the helical gears were as follows： module, 0.3; number of teeth, 12; and helix angle, 15°. Compacted powders were consolidated by sintering and solution heat treatment. The consolidated billets consisted of lamellar and fine-grained microstructures. Extrusion experiments were carried out under the following conditions： temperature, 250 ℃; strain rates, 2.36× 10-3 s^-1 and 1.18× 10^-1 s-1. The mechanical properties of the extruded helical gears were investigated by measurement of the Vickers hardness and extrusion load, and by scanning electron microscopy.

Optimization of Cr(VI) bioremediation in contaminated soil using indigenous bacteria

Bench-scale soil column experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Cr（VI） bioremediation process in soils by using indigenous bacteria with the addition of bacteria nutrient media. Effects of particle size, spray intensity, initial Cr（VI） concentration, circulation mode and soil depth on Cr（VI） remediation were studied. Results show that soils after 6 d remediation with spray intensity controlled in the range of 29.6-59.2 mL/min could well fulfill the requirement of concrete aggregate and roadbed material usage, for the leaching toxicity concentration of the Cr（VI） in treated soils under the chosen condition is far less than 5 mg/L The leaching toxicity and fractions of both hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium from remediated soils were determined and compared with that of untreated soil. The results show that water soluble Cr（VI） declines from 1520.54 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg, exchangeable Cr（VI） decreases from 34.83 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg and carbonates-bonded Cr（V1） falls from 13.55 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg. Meanwhile, a corresponding increase in carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（III） and organic matter-bonded Cr（III） are found. It reveals that indigenous bacteria can leach out water soluble Cr（VI）, exchangeable Cr（VI） and carbonates-bonded Cr（VI） from contaminated soil followed by converting into carbonate-bonded Cr（III）, Fe and Mn oxides-bonded Cr（IlI）, organic matter-bonded Cr（III） and residual Cr（III）.

Analysis of stability for Taizishang slope under condition of atomization rainfall of jet overflows

Taizishang slope of Qingjiang Reservoir in Huibei is within the range of atomization rainfall. The authors created the finite element model with ANSYS 10.0 and used strength reduction FEM to calculate thesafety coefficient of the slope on conditions with no rain, and theatomization rainfall lasting for 0.2 hours and 0.4 hours. The results show that the atomization rainfall would decrease the stability of the slope, and with rainfalls increasing, the stability would reduce much more.

Corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powder on steel

A novel kind of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powders on high strength steel was formulated. Several coatings with different pigment volume content (PVC) were prepared. The coating morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Immersion test and neutral salt spray test were also conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coating. It is demonstrated that the critical pigment volume content (CPVC) value is between 30% and 40%. The coating with PVC of 30% exhibits good corrosion resistance in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution.

Mass Spectrometric Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Caramel Formed upon Heating of Disaccharides

Disaccharides are a very important group of carbohydrates, being main components of many daily food products. The heating of these biomolecule causes the formation of caramel, an extremely complex material. The dominant fraction of non-volatile compounds, responsible for both color and flavor of food products, has been studied on a few occasions. Herein, the composition of caramels obtained by heating of sucrose, lactose and maltose were studied using combined mass spectrometry techniques. High resolution electrospray mass spectrometry was applied followed by targeted multi-stage LC-tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MSn） and MALDI-MS. Novel graphical interpretation strategies such as van Krevelen and Kendrick mass analysis have been applied to study the composition of caramels. Products of caramel include oligomerization, depolymerization, hydration and dehydration products. Oligomers with up to eight carbohydrate units and dehydrated oligomers losing up to eight water molecules have been identified.