只需动手(仅做胸部挤压)的心肺复苏——美国心脏协会(AHA)2008年的最新科学建议

心肺复苏(CPR)在抢救院外心脏骤停(心脏猝死)的重要性已得到证实,而早期高质量的CPR及迅速除颤是心肺复苏成功的关键。近年来的动物实验及人类临床试验的结果表明,对成人院外心脏骤停患者,目击者只做胸部挤压的CPR与常规CPR(胸部挤压加通气)相比,其疗效相似,存活率无差别。根据这些近期的科学研究及美国心脏协会(AHA)的专家共识,AHA的ECC委员会于2008年4月22日对公众提出了科学建议:未经培训的目击者对心脏骤停患者提供只需动手(仅做胸部挤压)的CPR,可以简化CPR的操作,有利于消除或减少目击者实施CPR的障碍和顾虑,更好地推广和普及目击者进行CPR,从而提高心脏猝死患者复苏的成功率。欧洲复苏委员会(ERC)对AHA的建议也作出了相应反应。

中国经济发展内外需动力协调机制研究——测度基准与协同政策

中国经济的发展模式由推动经济发展的内外需动力结构决定。评价内外需动力结构需要对内外需对经济的"真实贡献"做出客观的测度。中国经济发展具有典型的内需为主体、外需有潜力、内外需双引擎驱动特征。要实现我国经济的可持续发展,必须消除内外需的内耗机制,寻求内外需融合的合力机制。

压铸填充过程的理论探讨(续篇)

本文继续讨论某些形状特殊而难以明显划分成两个区域的压铸件,在填充过程中,其主干型腔内,仍然出现局部缺陷的原因和必需遵守的几个填充原则,这几个原则,是在诸多生产实际频繁出现质量情况、解决问题后的总结,是行之有效的新思路.

A Study of the Gendered Identity of Female Migrants in Contemporary China

As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This impacts negatively on female migrants1 both physiologically and psychologically, disadvantaging them in the pursuit of resources, opportunities and rights. It is therefore necessary to positively influence the self-image of female migrants so as to ensure their rights, further their interests and ultimately to achieve gender equality.

Enhancing excess sludge aerobic digestion with low intensity ultrasound

In order to enhance the efficiency of aerobic digestion, the excess sludge was irradiated by low intensity ultrasound at a frequency of 28 kHz and acoustic intensity of 0.53 W/cm^2. The results show that the sludge stabilization without ultrasonic treatment can be achieved after 17 d of digestion, whereas the digestion time of ultrasonic groups can be cut by 3-7 d. During the same digestion elapsing, in ultrasonic groups the total volatile suspended solid removal rate is higher than that in the control group. The kinetics of aerobic digestion of excess sludge with ultrasound can also be described with first-order reaction.

Demand analysis of an intelligent medication administration system for older adults with chronic diseases based on the Kano model

Objectives Gerontechnology has great potential in promoting older adults’well-being.With the accelerated aging process,gerontechnology has a promising market prospect.However,most technological developers and healthcare professionals attached importance to products’effectiveness,and ignored older adults’demands and user experience,which reduced older adults'adoption intention of gerontechnology use.The inclusion of older adults in the design process of technologies is essential to maximize the effect.This study explored older adults’demands for a self-developed intelligent medication administration system and proposed optimization schemes,thus providing reference to developing geriatric-friendly technologies and products.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore older adults’technological demands for the self-developed intelligent medication administration system,and data were analyzed based on the Kano model.A self-made questionnaire was administered from July 2020 to October 2020 after participants used this system for two weeks.The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000040644).Results A total of 354 older adults participated in the survey.Four items,namely larger font size,simpler operation process,scheduled medication reminders and reliable hardware,were classified as must-be attributes;three items,namely searching drug instructions through WeChat,more sensitive system and longer battery life,as attractive attributes;one item,viewing disease-related information through WeChat,as the one-dimensional attribute;and the rest were indifferent attributes,including simple and beautiful displays,blocking advertisements automatically,providing user privacy protection protocol,viewing personal medical information only by logged-in users,recording all the medications,ordering medications through WeChat.The satisfaction values were between 0.24 and 0.69,and dissatisfaction values were between 0.06 and 0.94.Conclusion This study suggested that older adults had personalized technology demands.Including their technological demands and desire may assist in decreasing the digital divide and promoting the satisfaction of e-health and/or m-health.Based on older adults’demands,our study proposed optimization schemes of the intelligent medication administration system,which may help developers design geriatric-friendly intelligent products and nurses to perform older adults-centered and efficient medication management.

Integrating object-oriented methods and formal methods for requirement engineering

High quality software requirement specification is crucial for a software development. Although much efforts and research works have been done to address the problem, the errors in user requirement are still prevent us from developing high quality software. To address the problem, this paper proposes integrating graphical specification technique UML with formal specification technique to construct user requirement specification. We also present a prototype tool to perform the automatic translation from UML specification into Object-Z specification.

校企合作创建网络技术课程

本文通过对中职院校计算机网络技术专业的培养现状的深入分析，阐明了校企合作进行课程体系改革的必要性。并就计算机网络技术专业从岗位需求到课程设置改革提出了一整套方案。

Effect and Cost Research for Leachate Treatment in PAC/Fenton and Fenton/PAC Technology

To compare the treatment effects and the costs of coagulation/Fenton process and Fenton/coagulation process in leachate treatment,fresh and old leachates were respestively treated with these two techniques.The experimental results indicate that the highest chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate of Fenton reaction on leachate can be acquired under the conditions of pH=3.5,nH2O2/nFe2+=6,mH2O2/mCOD=3,and reaction time=4 h.Polyaluminium chloride(PAC)coagulation has the highest COD removal rate on leachate under the condition of mPAC/mCOD=0.6.Under the optimum reaction conditions,coagulation/Fenton and Fenton/coagulation processes were respestively adopted to treat raw leachate.The data also show that COD removal rate of coagulation/Fenton process on fresh and old leachates are 90.56% and 86.52% respectively and that of Fenton/coagulation process 89.99% and 85.99%,so there is no obvious difference.But the cost of coagulation/Fenton process for leachate treatment is RMB 62.6,lower than that of Fenton/coagulation process.Therefore,coagulation/Fenton process is more optimized than Fenton/coagulation process for leachate treatment.

System Dynamics Approach to Urban Water Demand Forecasting—A Case Study of Tianjin

A system dynamics approach to urban water demand forecasting was developed based on the analysis of urban water resources system, which was characterized by multi-feedback and nonlinear interactions among sys-tem elements. As an example, Tianjin water resources system dynamic model was set up to forecast water resources demand of the planning years. The practical verification showed that the relative error was lower than 10%. Fur-thermore, through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results under different development modes pre-sented in this paper, the forecasting results of the water resources demand of Tianjin was achieved based on sustain-able utilization strategy of water resources.

Impact of Electric Vehicles on Travel and Electricity Demand in Metropolitan Area： A Case Study in Nagoya

In this study, we examine the impacts that EVs （electric vehicles） have on vehicle usage patterns and environmental improvements, using our integrated travel demand forecasting model, which can simulate an individual activity-travel behavior in each time period, as well as consider an induced demand by decreasing travel cost. In order to examine the effects that charging/discharging have on the demand in electricity, we analyze scenarios based on the simulation results of the EVs＇ parking location, parking duration and the battery state of charge. From the simulation, result under the ownership rate of EVs in the Nagoya metropolitan area in 2020 is about 6%, which turns out that the total CO2 emissions have decreased by 4% although the situation of urban transport is not changed. After calculating the electricity demand in each zone using architectural area and basic units of hourly power consumption, we evaluate the effect to decrease the peak load by V2G （vehicle-to-grid）. According to the results, if EV drivers charge at home during the night and discharge at work during the day, the electricity demand in Nagoya city increases by approximately 1%, although changes in each individual zone range from -7% to ＋8%, depending on its characteristics.

Migration in the Middle Asia and Its Effects on the Labor Market

Many Middle Asia countries declaring their independence after the splitting of the Soviet Union, cannot meet the economical and social needs of their citizens by falling much behind of the era in terms of industry despite the natural wealth they have. In addition to all these, the problems in the ruling class and the chaos environment have resulted in the migration of many people to alternative living spaces. These migrations have affected labor market both positively and negatively besides the social life. The labor demand increased by the entrance of the immigrants into the market has affected the employee wages and also this situation has affected the life standards of the citizens In this study, the migration that took place in the countries established after the splitting of the Soviet Union, forming one of the two poles of the world before the cold war, and the effects of this migration on the labor market have been analyzed considering previous studies on the subject. The studies carried out on this subject have yielded various results according to the area in which it is carried out, the time interval it includes, and the period＇s structure For this reason, the points of views on the subject are compared by making a long literature review

The impacts of biofuels on food security and supply in China

Biofuels are the current promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, the fluctuating food prices caused by oil price led to critics to biofuels. The paper surveyed biofuels production and grain production and consumption demand, and come to the conclusion that there was a little impact of corn ethanol on international food price, and there was no impact on China’s food prices. China has launched non-food biofuels development strategy to use marginal lands for growing hard crops, such as sweet sorghum, tuber crops, and switchgrass etc. to produce biofuels without any impact on food security in the future.

Design Towards a Creative Industry for the Latin American Reality

The duty of educators and politicians is to find new policies and programs that should include creative industries such as designing, together with the teaching of new technologies to make it possible for a greater portion of the population to have access to this knowledge, which will enable it to be included in the job market. This type of training also means that the language of the educators will change .We need to develop a new multilinguistic, multimedia, and multidisciplinary conception oriented towards the learning activities of the student. Our goals is to transform multimedia design into an important creative industry in our region, we created ＂Project Untitled＂ at Universidad Maimonides. This is an artistic collective undertaking that includes teachers, directors, and students of the School of Multimedia Communication and Design. The goal of this project is to cooperate with learning paradigms in order to reach the quality that a true society of knowledge needs. Education is fundamental for the development of any nation, including the ＂periphery countries＂, which can contribute a different point of view, and which, in this sense, can offer wider possibilities, precisely because these countries have the ＂critical distance＂ that, probably, core countries are short of.

Requirements and Strategy of China Mobile on 100-Gb/s Based Wavelength Division Multiplexing Systems

In recent years, the booming band- width demands of dedicated mobile services have driven the rapid development of optical transport networks （OTNs）. Through the in- novative use of emerging coherent optical communication technology and the advance- ment of microelectronics technology, the new-generation 100Gb/s transport technology offers a high line rate and unprecedented re- silience to optical transmission impairments. This paper overviews the bandwidth demands of China Mobile driven by the upcoming roll- out of Time Division-Long Term Evolution （TD-LTE） and presents the 100Gb/s trials at China Mobile that were used to verify the performance of a lOOGb/s system. China Mo- bile＇s considerations, which were based on the trial results, regarding the deployment of lOOGb/s transport systems are introduced, and the requirements of China Mobile for the evo- lution of lOOGb/s transport systems are sum- marized.

Impact of Workforce and Schedule Constraints on New Nuclear Construction

Due to recent legislative incentives and a general change in the public eye towards environmental and energy issues, a renewed interest in building nuclear power plants has taken place in the U.S. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has also recently given approvals to build four nuclear reactors in two southeast states, which further indicates the resurging interest in nuclear power in the U.S. Such approvals, however, do not specifically address the impact on having a constrained labor force when manufacturing and constructing multiple reactors. Key findings include the comparison of a constrained and unconstrained workforce on construction and manufacturing completion times, the identification of peak labor requirements based on different construction schedules, and the development of training estimates to ensure the workforce and industry are prepared for the new jobs being created. Results suggest that a shorter planned construction timeline is effective when the workforce is moderately constrained to unconstrained. However, with a severely-constrained starting workforce, a longer construction timeline is preferred. For multiple reactor plans, spreading out the construction start dates outperforms all other construction start date schedules. In particular, heavily compressed start dates could effectively kill a resurgent nuclear industry, especially if workforce expansion is not pursued simultaneously.

Decentralized Mobile SNS Architecture and Its Personal Information Management Mechanism

Mobile SNS popular topics of mobile is one of the most Internet. In order to fulfill the user demand for self-maintained independent social network and ensure the privacy of their personal information and resources, the paper proposes system architecture of decentralized mobile SNS.In the temporary scenarios, the system makes use of the existent specification of FOAF （Friend- of-a-Friend） to describe users＇ personal information and act as a certificate to be identified by SNS sites. Ticket-based Access Authorization System （TAAS） is provided to grant permission to acquire resources on personal portal. Meanwhile, the mechanism and algorithm are devised for user profile complete deletion when users are going to quit the service for the temporary scenarios.

Advances in the Study on Nutrient Requirements of Grouper (Epinephelus sp.): a Review

The paper reviews the recent advances in studying grouper nutrition requirement for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly artificial diets. It consists of seven parts: protein and amino acid, lipid and essential fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, alternative protein source, broodstock and larval nutrition. The review provides some basic information for further investigation of nutrient requirements of groupers.

Lewin Behavior Model-Based Study on Influence Factors of Individuals to Mobile Service Demand

How to fmd main influence factors of individuals to mobile service demand is investiga- ted. The empirical research is conducted in the sample of high-value customers in China mobile market. Based on Lewin behavior model, this pa- per establishes factors-matrix from personal and environmental dimensions. Relationships among multiple factors are tested in the structural equa- tion model and their impacts on customers＇ de- mands are elaborated. Findings indicate that opera- tional convenience and business brand image have significant effects on sample users＇ demands. Fur- thermore, annual income, gender, occupation, the needs of access to information and the needs of enriching and improving social relationships are al- so important factors for high-value users. The re- suits may provide further insights into mobile service demand and the model can be popularized to other behavior researches.

Growing Wages and Changing Demand for Workers in Chinese Enterprises

Taking advantage of company survey data,this paper examines the responsiveness of enterprises in manufacturing sectors to the recent labor market changes characterized by surging wages and shrinking unskilled workers.The result shows that the labor demand elasticity with regard to output is substantial.In other words,growing manufacturing will keep creating jobs and intensify labor scarcity in China.The wage elasticity is-0.40 for unskilled workers and-0.53 for skilled workers,which indicates that Chinese companies are quite responsive to the recent labor market changes.There exists a kind of substitution effect between skilled and unskilled workers,however,the magnitude of elasticity remains small.To promote economic upgrading in China's labor market,institutional and industrial policies should encourage companies to be responsive to the warning signals from the market of production factor.