国际贸易为什么能发生?或者说国际贸易能否给贸易参加国带来利益?带来的利益有多少?贸易双方各占多少?贸易条件是由什么决定的?针对这些最基本的理论问题,约翰·穆勒(John Stuart Mill,1806—1873)继李嘉图之后,提出了相互需求理论...国际贸易为什么能发生?或者说国际贸易能否给贸易参加国带来利益?带来的利益有多少?贸易双方各占多少?贸易条件是由什么决定的?针对这些最基本的理论问题,约翰·穆勒(John Stuart Mill,1806—1873)继李嘉图之后,提出了相互需求理论。所谓相互需求理论,实质上是指由供求关系决定商品价值的理论。比较成本理论证明了国际分工和国际贸易能为参加国带来利益。穆勒在相互需求论的基础上,用两国商品交换比例的上下限解释双方获利的范围;用贸易条件说明在贸易利益的分配中,双方各占多少;用相互需求强度来解释贸易条件的变动。约翰·穆勒是李嘉图的学生,是19世纪中期英国最有影响的经济学家,于1984年出版了他们主要著作《政治经济学原理》。展开更多
How to fmd main influence factors of individuals to mobile service demand is investiga- ted. The empirical research is conducted in the sample of high-value customers in China mobile market. Based on Lewin behavior mo...How to fmd main influence factors of individuals to mobile service demand is investiga- ted. The empirical research is conducted in the sample of high-value customers in China mobile market. Based on Lewin behavior model, this pa- per establishes factors-matrix from personal and environmental dimensions. Relationships among multiple factors are tested in the structural equa- tion model and their impacts on customers＇ de- mands are elaborated. Findings indicate that opera- tional convenience and business brand image have significant effects on sample users＇ demands. Fur- thermore, annual income, gender, occupation, the needs of access to information and the needs of enriching and improving social relationships are al- so important factors for high-value users. The re- suits may provide further insights into mobile service demand and the model can be popularized to other behavior researches.展开更多
Teachers can motivate their pupils by fostering autonomous learning or---especially if they feel under pressure themselves--teachers can hamper the motivation of their students by being controlling. The purpose of thi...Teachers can motivate their pupils by fostering autonomous learning or---especially if they feel under pressure themselves--teachers can hamper the motivation of their students by being controlling. The purpose of this study with 488 secondary school teachers from Austria was to examine the satisfaction of teachers＇ needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness and meaningful relations to perceived job-related pressure and self-efficacy, to gain an increased insight in autonomy supportive contexts. The results point out that there are various sources for pressure in the teaching profession and structural equation modeling revealing a reciprocal relation between the satisfaction of the need for autonomy and pressure in teaching, as well as between the satisfaction of the need for competence and self-efficacy. In addition perceived pressure had a negative impact on teachers＇ self-efficacy and self-efficacy in turn influenced the satisfaction of the need for autonomy. In summary, considering basic psychological needs satisfaction of teachers seems relevant to create autonomy supportive environments for pupils and teachers in schools.展开更多
Estimation method of building damage level was introduced for the accurate and effective estimation of damage extent and relief goods demand according to long-distance image contrast. In order to obtain completion deg...Estimation method of building damage level was introduced for the accurate and effective estimation of damage extent and relief goods demand according to long-distance image contrast. In order to obtain completion degree of building edge extracted from long-distance images before and after disaster, the concentration ratio was analyzed with Hough transformation. Based on the maximum posterior probability, estimation method of affected population was designed to accurately estimate victim population, which can be directly reflected by fugitive population. Moreover, on basis of escape route and fugitive population, demand assignment algorithm by backward calculation was designed to improve rescue efficiency.展开更多
文摘国际贸易为什么能发生?或者说国际贸易能否给贸易参加国带来利益?带来的利益有多少?贸易双方各占多少?贸易条件是由什么决定的?针对这些最基本的理论问题,约翰·穆勒(John Stuart Mill,1806—1873)继李嘉图之后,提出了相互需求理论。所谓相互需求理论,实质上是指由供求关系决定商品价值的理论。比较成本理论证明了国际分工和国际贸易能为参加国带来利益。穆勒在相互需求论的基础上,用两国商品交换比例的上下限解释双方获利的范围;用贸易条件说明在贸易利益的分配中,双方各占多少;用相互需求强度来解释贸易条件的变动。约翰·穆勒是李嘉图的学生,是19世纪中期英国最有影响的经济学家,于1984年出版了他们主要著作《政治经济学原理》。
基金supported by the Hunan Province Soft SciencesPlan under Grant No. 2009ZK2001
文摘How to fmd main influence factors of individuals to mobile service demand is investiga- ted. The empirical research is conducted in the sample of high-value customers in China mobile market. Based on Lewin behavior model, this pa- per establishes factors-matrix from personal and environmental dimensions. Relationships among multiple factors are tested in the structural equa- tion model and their impacts on customers＇ de- mands are elaborated. Findings indicate that opera- tional convenience and business brand image have significant effects on sample users＇ demands. Fur- thermore, annual income, gender, occupation, the needs of access to information and the needs of enriching and improving social relationships are al- so important factors for high-value users. The re- suits may provide further insights into mobile service demand and the model can be popularized to other behavior researches.
文摘Teachers can motivate their pupils by fostering autonomous learning or---especially if they feel under pressure themselves--teachers can hamper the motivation of their students by being controlling. The purpose of this study with 488 secondary school teachers from Austria was to examine the satisfaction of teachers＇ needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness and meaningful relations to perceived job-related pressure and self-efficacy, to gain an increased insight in autonomy supportive contexts. The results point out that there are various sources for pressure in the teaching profession and structural equation modeling revealing a reciprocal relation between the satisfaction of the need for autonomy and pressure in teaching, as well as between the satisfaction of the need for competence and self-efficacy. In addition perceived pressure had a negative impact on teachers＇ self-efficacy and self-efficacy in turn influenced the satisfaction of the need for autonomy. In summary, considering basic psychological needs satisfaction of teachers seems relevant to create autonomy supportive environments for pupils and teachers in schools.
文摘Estimation method of building damage level was introduced for the accurate and effective estimation of damage extent and relief goods demand according to long-distance image contrast. In order to obtain completion degree of building edge extracted from long-distance images before and after disaster, the concentration ratio was analyzed with Hough transformation. Based on the maximum posterior probability, estimation method of affected population was designed to accurately estimate victim population, which can be directly reflected by fugitive population. Moreover, on basis of escape route and fugitive population, demand assignment algorithm by backward calculation was designed to improve rescue efficiency.
