考虑节点中断和需求波动的可靠供应链网络设计问题

本文研究了一个包含供应点、中转点和需求点的三级可靠供应链网络设计问题(RSCNDP).文章同时考虑了供应端的不确定性(节点中断的可能性)和需求端的不确定性(需求量的波动性),针对这些因素,采用情景的方法描述,并结合p-鲁棒模型的优点提出了一个新的混合整数规划模型.在模型中,α,β两参数分别表示决策者对节点中断和需求波动的风险偏好,优化的目标是在给定的风险偏好下最小化设施的固定成本和产品的运输成本.文章提出了一个由最短增广链法和遗传算法的相结合的混合智能算法来求解该模型,并结合实际进行了相应的数值分析.结论显示决策者的风险偏好对可靠供应链网络的设计会产生重大的影响,而在面临风险时,可靠的供应链网络表现要优于确定型的供应链网络,这些为企业的供应链管理决策提供了理论支撑.

Continual Process of Self-Making： Hester Prynne＇s Life Is an Instance of Sublimation

This paper attempts to demonstrate Hester Prynne＇s, in Nathaniel Hawthorne＇s romantic work of fiction The Scarlet Letter （1994）, sublimation of her sexual impulses into identifying with the socially acceptable humanitarian actions, and societal demands in order to avoid the confrontation with the scorn of the people of Boston, her sexual urge, and with her weakness. Hester＇s libidinal energy was channeled into socially approved activities in her self-devoted years that made up her identity and reality. The scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which once attracted the world＇s scorn and bitterness, later looked upon with reverence, and transformed into a thing to be sorrowed over. She had not ignored a large part of reality of her life （the past and present）. If she ignored her past she would entirely detach it from the present. She integrated her stigma into her life in the continual process of self-making, and thereby projecting herself into the future

Pulling Vs. Pushing:Effect of Climatic Factors on Periodical Fluctuation of Russian and South Korean Tourist Demand in Hainan Island,China

While climate is an important factor attracting tourists to certain destinations,it can also motivate people residing in a country with a harsh climate to move to another location.By applying X-12 decompositions and a panel data regression analysis,this study analyzes the pull and push effects of climatic seasonal factors between destination(Hainan Island,China) and source countries(Russia and South Korea).The findings show that climatic seasonal factors have significant pulling and pushing effects on seasonal patterns of tourism demand,with temperature being the main factor.Furthermore,the number of paid vacation days in the source country affects that country's sensitivity to climatic seasonal factors;countries with a higher numbers of paid vacation days are more sensitive to climatic conditions.Lastly,future global warming may causes the aforementioned pull and push effects to abate,which will have an unavoidable influence on tourism industries.

The impacts of biofuels on food security and supply in China

Biofuels are the current promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, the fluctuating food prices caused by oil price led to critics to biofuels. The paper surveyed biofuels production and grain production and consumption demand, and come to the conclusion that there was a little impact of corn ethanol on international food price, and there was no impact on China’s food prices. China has launched non-food biofuels development strategy to use marginal lands for growing hard crops, such as sweet sorghum, tuber crops, and switchgrass etc. to produce biofuels without any impact on food security in the future.

Expansion of Technical Innovation and Demand Determines Production Organization Pattern in Strategic Emerging Industries——Taking Example of TFT-LCD Industry

Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.