从应力演化角度讨论龙门山区域7级强震序列对芦山地震的影响

计算包括同震静态库仑破裂应力变化以及震后黏滞松弛引起的应力变化等,可以更好地解释余震分布、地震序列等地震观测结果。在芦山地震之前,从1900年以来龙门山区域发生了4次7级以上地震,分析这几次地震的同震应力变化以及震后黏弹性松弛对芦山地震的产生的影响,芦山地震以后区域断裂带上的应力伴随强震如何演化,芦山地震与汶川地震的破裂空段呈现何种应力状态,探讨这些问题可能会为了解芦山地震震源处震前的应力状态及该区域未来地震风险评估提供一定的依据。文中采用有限元数值模拟方法,根据地质构造、速度、密度结构深部反演结果以及GPS及应力观测资料等,建立龙门山地区三维黏弹性有限元模型进行研究。模拟结果显示:龙门山断裂带南段及鲜水河断裂带的库仑应力年变化速率在研究区域中相对更高,这与研究区域的地震活动性一致。芦山地震的前4次地震,除叠溪地震外,康定、松潘、汶川等3次地震在芦山地震震中位置产生的同震库仑破裂应力变化大于0,表明这3次地震可能促进了芦山地震的发生,汶川地震的同震库仑破裂应力超过了0.01MPa,同震触发效应十分显著。震间的黏弹性松弛对芦山震源处起加载作用,从1900年以来这种持续的加载作用也超过0.01MPa,因此在模拟应力演化的时候,介质的黏弹性松弛效应不能被忽略。从库仑破裂应力的角度计算龙门山区域断层的应力演化,可以发现龙门山断裂带上汶川地震和芦山地震破裂的空段,在芦山地震之后仍然属于相对应力水平较高的区域。

A trial study of vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential

Vibrator excitation generates not only reflections and refractions of wave fields on the subsurface interfaces but also electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. In this paper, we address the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field. The effects of controllable vibration on the spontaneous potential field were studied under real field geologic conditions. Experimental data confirmed that the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field do exist under field conditions. Monitoring records over a long time interval showed that there exist three information zones in the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field. These are the signal-varying zone, the extremestable zone, and the relaxation-recovery zone. Combined with different well-site data, it was concluded that the time-varying features of the anomalies in the information zones was closely related to the properties of the subsurface liquid （oil and water）.