新疆吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄干细菌霉菌学调查

对吐鲁番、鄯善二地100份无核白葡萄干进行的细菌、霉菌学调查。结果显示:菌落总数检出范围为60—30500个/克,大肠菌群检出范围为【30—930个/100克。【30个/100克者检出71份,占样品总数的71%,】30个/100克者检出29份,占样品总数的29%。致病菌未检出。100份样品中,百分之百检出了霉菌.

家畜霉菌中毒的预防

目前,已知的霉菌中毒已达100多种,常见的有:麦奴中毒、棒麯霉菌中毒、念珠菌中毒和棒笰状菌中毒等等。对此,可采用下列预防措施:1.早期对制作饲料的原料进行感观检查和霉菌分析;2.用手清除或用火烧变了颜色的粗饲料,结成团块状的混合料和浓缩料要进行霉菌毒素和毒性的定性和定量分析;3.对用作饲料的原料要建立固定的经常性的霉菌学检测。4.保持谷物的标准湿度不得超过14—16％;5.谷类颗粒饲料用高温(300℃)处理10—12分钟;

嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿2例

1病例报告 例1男,52岁,农民,左腹股沟包块7年入院.左腹股沟区初起为花生米大结节数个,后融合成片,逐渐增大,并向大腿部延伸,无疼痛.查体于左腹股沟及大腿根部触及不规则形包块,11cm×8cm×4cm大小,结节状,质中,边界不清.

A Preliminary Study on Biological Activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn

[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.

谈记叙文语段阅读的解题技巧

一、记叙文阅读题型特点例析1995年福建省六地市中考的一道试题:阅读下面的文字,完成后面的问题.[1]中国是弱国,所以中国人当然是低能儿,分数在六十分以上,便不是自己的能力了:也无怪他们疑惑.[2]但我接着便有参观枪毙中国人的命运了.第二年添教霉菌学,细菌的形状是全用电影来显示的,一段落已完而还没有到下课的时候。

Study on AFLP Technical Protocol for Antagonistic Strains of Streptomyces

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation method and amplification system of antagonistic streptomyces DNA templates based on AFLP assays, and also provide a basis for the application of AFLP technology in the analysis of streptomyces or even actinomyces. [Method] The DNAs were extracted by the modified CTAB method and amplified by the Pst Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ AFLP kit and its reaction system. The amplified products were analyzed by the denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [Result] The genomic DNAs of ten antagonistic strains of Streptomyces were extracted and tested. The result of 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the major DNA bands were clear without degradation and RNA residue, with the fragment sizes ranging from 37.64 to 40.86 Kb. By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the OD260/OD280 values varying from 1.625 to 1.833 were obtained. Furthermore, the agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA products digested by Pst Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ presented the dispersed fluorescent long band, which indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis was fully carried out. The amplified bands of DNA templates by the screened three pairs of primers were clear with rich polymorphism. [Conclusion] The preparation method and amplification system of DNA template established in this study can be used in the AFLP analysis of Streptomyces.

Functional genomic approach to the study of biodiversitywithin Trichoderma

Trichoderma is a fungal genus of great and demonstrable biotechnological value, but its genome is poorly surveyed compared with other model microorganisms. Due to their ubiquity and rapid substrate colonization, Trichoderma species have been widely used as biocontrol organisms for agriculture, and their enzyme systems are widely used in industry. Therefore, there is a clear interest to explore beyond the phenotype to exploit the underlying genetic systems using functional genomics tools. The great diversity of species within the Trichoderma genus, the absence of optimized systems for its exploration, and the great variety of genes expressed under a wide range of ambient conditions are the main challenges to consider when starting a comprehensive functional genomics study. An initial project started by three Spanish groups has been extended into the project TRICHOEST, funded by the EU (FP5, QLRT-2001-02032) to target the transcriptome analysis of selected Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential, in conditions related to antagonism, nutrient stress and plant interactions. Once specific conditions were defined, cDNA libraries were produced and used for EST sequencing. Nine strains from seven Trichoderma species have been considered in this study and an important amount of gene sequence data has been generated, analyzed and used to compare the gene expression in different strains. In parallel to sequencing, genomic expression studies were carried out by means of macro-arrays to identify genes expressed in specific conditions. In silico analysis of DNA sequencing data together with macro-array expression results have lead to a selection based on the potential use of the gene sequences. The selected clone sequences were completed and cloned in appropriate vectors to initiate functional analysis by means of expression studies in homologous and heterologous systems.

Biological and Chemical Control in Rot Root in Avocado by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

＂Avocado sadness＂ caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the main diseases affecting this fruit crop in Michoacan, M6xico, without having an efficient control strategy for that. In this research three Trichoderma isolates and Ridomil Gold 4E fungicide were tested in avocado trees infected with this pathogen using the growing and coloring vegetative flow growing. Results were analyzed with an experimental design completely random with four treatments and repetitions. Different responses were presented form avocado trees to each treatment. Trichoderma erinaceum Bissett, Kubicek ＆ Szackacs treatment was the best controlling disease in trees with grade II and III damage. Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels ＆ W. Gams controlled better in trees with grade III damage. At last, Trichoderma arundinaceum Zafari, Graef. and Samuels were the best controlling trees with the highest grade damage. Fungicide Ridomil Gold 4E controlled the disease in trees with the lowest grade damage （I and II）, their medias were similar to witness.

Partial Characterization of Chitinolytic Extract from Endophytic Streptomyces sp. and Its Effects on the Boll Weevil

The present study achieves the biochemistry partial characterization of the chitinolytic extract produced by an endophytic Streptomyces sp. strain （A8）. This extract was also tested against Anthonomus grandis, the cotton boll weevil aiming its control. The chitinase crude extract from the A8 strain was cultured for five days in a minimum liquid media supplemented with chitin. The extract was partially characterized by standard methods. The chitinolytic extract had an optimum temperature of 66 ＂C and an optimum pH between 4 to 9 （around 80% of relative activity）. We also characterized the temperature and pH stability and measured the effects of enzyme inhibitors. The filtered chitinolytic extract was added to an artificial boll weevil diet. Boll weevil development from the egg stage to the adult stage was prolonged, and the percentage of adults that emerged was approximately 66% less than on control diet. This study showed that the.larval development of A. grandis was inhibited by the presence of characterized chitinolytic extract in artificial diet. This work provides an experimental basis for using the chitinase from an endophytic bacterium Streptomyces sp. as a biocontrol alternativeto controlling the plant pest A. grandis.

Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot on Fruit Trees in Bulgaria

Phytophthora root and crown rot was found on the fruit trees in Bulgaria for the first time in the period 1998-1999. Monitoring of the disease spread from 2000 to 2007 points out incidence between 2 and 14 per cent, in some orchards and nurseries in the Southern part of Bulgaria. The following Phytophthora species were identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics, and temperature requirements： Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora drechsleri, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora hybrid specie and Pythium. Prevailing specie was P. cactorum. P. cryptogea and P. cactorum were confirmed by application of molecular methods. Nutritional requirements of P. cactorum and P. citrophthora were studied. Most Nitrogen sources stimulated the mycelial growth of P. cactorum to a higher extend, and reduced the colony size ofP. citrophthora. Different Carbon sources were utilized well by P. cactorum, and only saccharose and maltose had a stimulating effect on the mycelial growth of P. citrophthora. MgSO4.7H20 was the preferred sulfur source for both fungi, as L-cysteine and L-methionine only for P. cactorum. Phytophthora infection leads to physiological changes in the.host plant tissues. The tendency traced out is： about disorders in the amino acid metabolism, increase in the total sugars and slight reduction of the cellulose content. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content are reduced and the calcium and magnesium are increased. Photosynthesis of inoculated plants was suppressed and transpiration was increased.

原位肝移植术后并发曲霉菌感染13例的护理

目的:探讨原位肝移植术后并发曲霉菌感染的护理要点。方法:回顾性分析近6 a来原位肝移植术后并发曲霉菌感染13例患者的临床资料,总结护理经验。结果:肺部感染7例,肝脏感染2例,颅内感染1例,多器官感染3例。因曲霉菌感染死亡7例,病死率为53.8%(7/13)。结论:肝移植术后曲霉菌感染死亡率高、早期诊断、及时治疗、细致护理及严格消毒隔离是降低其病死率的关键。