The Factors Shaping Synonymous Codon Usage in the Genome of Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei is regarded as a potential biological weapon by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this study, the main factors shaping codon usage in the genome of B. mallei ATCC 23344 were firstly reported. The results showed that the primary trend in codon usage variation in the B. mallei is due to translational selection; while compositional mutation bias is relatively the weaker influence and the hydrophobicity of each protein and gene length are only the minor influences. At the same time, 21 codons defined firstly as ＇optimal codons＇ might provide more useful information for the expression of target genes and development of a vaccine to prevent glanders.

胡佛、黑社会和肯尼迪之死(下)

三、黑社会牢牢掌握胡佛和肯尼迪的稳私 胡佛在数以百万计的追随者心目中是一位英雄,在大多数人看来,他却是一名无赖。他作为美国最高执法官,独往独来,一度几乎制服了整个中西部地区的歹徒,同时他又和那些歹徒头目混到了一起。看上去他很有男子汉气概,但他却是个地道的同性恋狂。

世界冰坛建筑的新纪元

苏联《国外体育》报道了阿·留毕莫夫撰写的文章“遮护板——经济实用发保护伞”。该文指出:自从荷兰在赫伦文城兴建了世界上第一个拥有400米跑道的室内人工制冷冰场后,速滑运动成绩有了明显的提高,仅在1987年世界男子速滑锦标赛中。

Microwave Technique for Polysaccharide Extraction from Dendrobium huoshanense

The effect of material granularity, extraction times, extraction time, mi-crowave power and solid-liquid ratio on the yield of polysaccharide of Dendrobium huoshanense in microwave-assisted extraction was discussed through single factor experiment. The key factors in polysaccharide extraction and the advantages over the traditional extraction method were studied based on orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the influences became unobvious with the promotion of the fac-tor’s level. The orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor in the mi-crowave-assisted extraction was that the sample was extracted for four times with an extraction time of 40 min under 550 W. Al these results would lay a founda-tion for exploring a new method for the extraction of polysaccharide from Dendrobi-um huoshanense.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma: Report of six cases

AIM： To heighten recognition of primary pancreatic lymphoma （PPL） in clinical practice. METHODS： A retrospective review of the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and pathological features of PPL patients were presented, as well as their diagnosis and treatment, in combination with literature review. RESULTS： Histological diagnosis was made in four patients by surgery and in two patients by EUS-FNA. The six PPL patients （5 males and 1 female; age range, 16-65 years; mean age, 46 years） had the duration of symptoms for two weeks to three months. The primary presenting symptoms, though not characteristic, were abdominal pain, abdominal masses, weight loss, jaundice, nausea and vomiting. One of the patients developed acute pancreatitis. In one patient, the level of serum CA19-9 was 76.3 μg/L. Abdominal CT scan showed that three of the six tumors were located in the head of pancreas, two in the body and tail, and one throughout the pancreas. Diameter of the tumors in the pancreas in four cases was more than 6 cm, with homogeneous density and unclear borders. Enhanced CT scan showed that only the tumor edges were slightly enhanced. The pancreatic duct was irregularly narrowed in two cases whose tumors were located in the pancreatic head and body, in which endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） showed that the proximal segment was slightly dilated. Two patients underwent Whipple operation, one patient underwent pancreatectomy, and another patient underwent operative biliary decompression. PPL was in stage Ⅰ E in 2 patients and in stage Ⅱ E in 4 patients according to the Ann Arbor classification system. The diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma was made in all patients histopathologically. All six patients underwent systemic chemotherapy, one of whom was also treated with gamma radiometry. One patient died two weeks after diagnosis, two patients lost follow-up, two patients who received chemotherapy survived 49 and 37 mo, and the remaining patient is still alive 21 mo, after diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION： PPL is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma originating from the pancreatic parenchyma. Clinical and imaging findings are otherwise not specific in the differentiation of pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic cancer, which deserves attention. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） of the pancreas requires experienced cytopathologists as well as advanced immunohistochemical assays to obtain a final diagnosis on a small amount of tissue. Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy can produce fairly good outcomes.

A Fourth-Order Modified Method for the Cauchy Problem of the Modified Helmholtz Equation

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for the modified Helmholtz equation in an infinite strip domain 0<x≤1,y∈R.The Cauchy data at x = 0 is given and the solution is then sought for the interval 0<x≤1.This problem is highly ill-posed and the solution(if it exists) does not depend continuously on the given data. In this paper,we propose a fourth-order modified method to solve the Cauchy problem. Convergence estimates are presented under the suitable choices of regularization parameters and the a priori assumption on the bounds of the exact solution.Numerical implementation is considered and the numerical examples show that our proposed method is effective and stable.

Tunneling Through Black Rings

Hawking radiation of black ring solutions to 5-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory is analyzed by use of the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling method. To get the correct tunneling amplitude and emission rate, we adopt and develop the Angheben-Nadalini-Vanzo Zerbini covariant approach to cover the effects of rotation and electronic discharge all at once, and the effect of back reaction is also taken into account. This constitutes a unified approach to the tunneling problem. Provided the first law of thermodynamics for black rings holds, the emission rate is proportional to the exponential of the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Explicit calculation for black ring temperatures agrees exactly with the results obtained via the classical surface gravity method and the quasi-local formalism.

Simulation of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability with Flux-Corrected Transport Method

The sixth-order accurate phase error flux-corrected transport numerical algorithm is introduced, and used to simulate Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Linear growth rates of the simulation agree with the linear theories of Kelvin Helmholtz instability. It indicates the validity and accuracy of this simulation method. The method also has good capturing ability of the instability interface deformation.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a cause of obstructive jaundice with simultaneous extrahepatic portal vein obstruction:A case report

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare cause of biliary ob-struction. To the best of our knowledge, non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the peripancreatic region causing obstruc-tive jaundice with simultaneous portal vein (PV) inva-sion has not yet been reported. We present a 50-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice whose extrahepatic portal vein was obstructed by the invasion of a peripan-creatic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient denied any other symptoms such as recurrent fever, night sweat and loss of body weight. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 10 cm mass in the retroperitoneal space behind the head of the pancreas causing obstruction of the distal bile duct and the PV. A pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with a PV resection was performed. The PV was reconstructed using an au-tologous right internal jugular vein graft. The resected specimen showed endoluminal invasion of both the bile duct and the PV. Histological examination showed the mass consisting of diffuse sheets of large malignant lymphoid cells. These cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a, partially positive for CD10, and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8 and CD30. The pathologic diagno-sis was diffuse large B-cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the patient was transferred to the Department of Hematology and Oncology for chemotherapy. He re-ceived four cycles of combined chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and pred-nisone plus rituximab, and three cycles of intrathecal chemoprophylaxis including methotorexate, cytosine arbinoside and prednisone. The patient is alive with noevidence of the disease for 7 mo after operation and will receive additional courses of chemotherapy.

Mobile robot simultaneous localization and map building based on improved particle filter

We present an investigation into the use of pan tilt zoom camera and sonar sensors for simuhaneous localization and mapping with artificial colored landmarks. An improved particle filter is applied to estimate a posterior of the pose of the robot, in which each particle has associated it with an entire map. The distributions of landmarks are also represented by particle sets, where separate particles are used to represent the robot and the landmarks. Hough transform is used to extract line segments from sonar observations and build map simultaneously. The key advantage of our method is that the full posterior over robot poses and landmarks can be nonlinearly approximated at every point in time by particles. Especially the landmarks are affixed on the moving robots, which can reduce the impact of the depletion problem and the impoverishment problem produced by basic particle filter. Experimental results show that this approach has advantages over the basic particle filter and the extended Kalman filter.

＂Sweet＂ moral blossom： Comment on the main characters in Hawthorne＇s The scarlet letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne was a famous writer in the period of American Renaissance. His works The scarlet letter can fully embody his mind for writing and artistic characteristics. This paper discusses the viewpoint ＂one might not be a real sinner if he was a sinner in law; while if one was not a sinner in law, he might be the real sinner.＂

Graph-Theoretic Approach to Network Analysis

Networks are a class of general systems represented by becomes a weighted graph visualizing the constraints imposed their UC-structure. Suppressing the nature of elements the network by interconnections rather than the elements themselves. These constraints follow generalized Kirchhoff＇s laws derived from physical constraints. Once we have a graph; then the working environment becomes the graph-theory. An algorithm derived from graph theory is developed within the paper in order to analyze general networks. The algorithm is based on computing all the spanning trees in the graph G with an associated weight. This weight is the product ofadmittance＇s of the edges forming the spanning tree. In the first phase this algorithm computes a depth first spanning tree together with its cotree. Both are used as parents for controlled generation of off-springs. The control is represented in selecting the off-springs that were not generated previously. While the generation of off-springs, is based on replacement of one or more tree edges by cycle edges corresponding to cotree edges. The algorithm can generate a frequency domain analysis of the network.

Observation of the Curative Effect of Mabthera in Combination with the CHOP Regimen in Treating Invasive B-Cell Lymphoma:A Report of 45 Cases

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy and toxic effects of Mabthera （rituximab） in combination with the CHOP （R-CHOP） regimen for treating invasive B-cell non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma. METHODS A total of 45 patients with CD20 positive B-cell non- Hodgkin＇s lymphoma were randomly divided into the R-CHOP （22 cases） and CHOP groups （23 cases for controls）. They received the regimens of Mabthera in combination with CHOP or single CHOP therapy respectively. An appraisement of the curative effect could only be performed following 4 cycles of chemotherapy for the 45 patients. Follow-up was conducted to observe the conditions of survival. RESULTS The rate of complete remission （CR） in the R-CHOP group was 68.2%, with a total effective rate of 81.8%, and in the CHOP group these rates were 34.8% and 78.3% respectively. There was a significant difference in comparing the CR rates between the two groups （P 〈 0.05）. The 1, 2 and 3-year overall survival （OS） rates of the RCHOP group were 90.9%, 81.8% and 77.3%, respectively. In the CHOP group, the OS rates were respectively 91.3%, 69.5% and 47.8%. The difference in the 3-year OS between the two groups was significant （P 〈 0.05）. The toxic effects of the two groups were mainly a slight and moderate bone marrow depression and a gastrointesinal reaction, with similar tolerable toxic effects in the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Adverse effects related to the Mabthera infusions occurred in 6 cases of the R-CHOP group （27.2%）. These effects lessened after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION The therapeutic regimen of Mabthera, in combination with CHOP （R-CHOP） has an obvious curative effect for treating invasive B-cell non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma, with a favorable tolerance. It is highly recommended as the treatment of choice.

An Efficient and Accurate Spectral Method for Acoustic Scattering in Elliptic Domains

An efficient and accurate method for solving the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation in domains exterior to elongated obstacles is developed in this paper.The method is based on the so called transformed field expansion(TFE) coupled with a spectral-Galerkin solver for elliptical domain using Mathieu functions.Numerical results are presented to show the accuracy and stability of the proposed method.

A Study on Hawking Language in Guangzhou Applying Sociolinguistics

From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper applies both observation method of covert investigation and oral inter-view to study the hawking language in Guangzhou, including its distribution area, code types, content and its relationships with districts and businesses.The survey results show that hawking language reflects the social language stratification condition in Guangzhou.

Simulation study on ultrasonic tomography for grouted reinforced concrete by finite element

A finite element reconstruction algorithm for ultrasound tomography based on the Helmholtz equation in frequency domain is presented to monitor the grouting defects in reinforced concrete structures.In this algorithm,a hybrid regularizations-based iterative Newton method is implemented to provide stable inverse solutions.Furthermore,a dual mesh scheme and an adjoint method are adopted to reduce the computation cost and improve the efficiency of reconstruction.Simultaneous reconstruction of both acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient for a reinforced concrete model is achieved with multiple frequency data.The algorithm is evaluated with numerical simulation under various practical scenarios including varied transmission/receiving modes,different noise levels,different source/detector numbers,and different contrast levels between the heterogeneity and background region.Results obtained suggest that the algorithm is insensitive to noise,and the reconstructions are quantitatively accurate in terms of the location,size and acoustic properties of the target over a range of contrast levels.

Influencing factors of the dynamic hysteresis in varying compliance vibrations of a ball bearing

We focus on the hysteretic characteristics of the varying compliance(VC) principal resonance in a ball bearing. The branches of the periodic VC response are traced by the harmonic balance method and the alternating frequency/time domain technique(HB-AFT) embedding Arc-length continuation, and the stability of these solutions is investigated by using Floquet theory. We find that the resonant response displays a swallow-tail structure due to the coupling nonlinearities between the Hertzian contact and the bearing clearance, which differs from the soft hysteresis of the non-loss Hertzian contact resonances. Furthermore, we find that period-1 VC branch cannot completely characterize the response of the system for a large bearing clearance, because multiple instability regions may occur from the cyclic fold, the secondary Hopf bifurcations, supercritical and subcritical period doubling bifurcations, in which case co-existences of period-1, period-2, and even quasi-periodic VC motions emerge in the hysteretic resonant range.

Observation of therapeutic effects of point application at Shenque(CV 8)plus moxa-salt hot compress for prevention of gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin Iymphoma

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point application with De Huang(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder at Shenque(CV 8)plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus for preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods:A total of 60 cases with NHL under chemotherapy were divided into two groups by hospitalization order,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine nursing and the observation group was additionally given point application with Da Hueng(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus,to compare the effect in preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy between the two groups.Results:The occurrence rates of constipation,nausea,vomiting and poor appetite on the second day and fifth day after chemotherapy were obviously lower in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P〈0.05).Conclusion;The point application with De Hueng(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder at Shenque(CV 8)plus maxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus can produce more significant efficacy in preventing the gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for NHL than routine nursing.Moreover,it is simple and easy to be used and popularized.

Hall Effect on Falkner–Skan Boundary Layer Flow of FENE-P Fluid over a Stretching Sheet

The Falkner-Skan boundary layer steady flow over a fiat stretching sheet is investigated in this paper. The mathematical model consists of continuity and the momentum equations, while a new model is proposed for MHD Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic Peterlin （FENE-P） fluid. The effects of Hall current with the variation of intensity of non-zero pressure gradient are taken into account. The governing partial differential equations are first transformed to ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformation and then solved by Adomian decomposition method （ADM）. The obtained results are validated by generalized collocation method （GCM） and found to be in good agreement. Effects of pertinent parameters are discussed through graphs and tables. Comparison with the existing studies is made as a limiting case of the considered problem at the end.

A Pseudo-Kinetic Approach for Helmholtz Equation

A lattice Boltzmann type pseudo-kinetic model for a non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation is derived in this paper. NumericM results for some model problems show the robustness and efficiency of this lattice Boltzmann type pseudo-kinetic scheme. The computation at each site is determined only by local parameters, and can be easily adapted to solve multiple scattering problems with many scatterers or wave propagation in nonhomogeneous medium without increasing the computational cost.