露天化采煤技术合理开发方向的思考

随着社会经济不断发展,人们生活水平逐渐提升,采煤技术也随之发展。按照某些采煤地区特征,运用露天化采煤技术。按照我国实际情况,某些地区可运用露天采煤技术,该技术具有高采出率,煤炭资源潜能得以充分发挥,促进煤资源有效合理开发。文章主要分析露天化煤技术的合理开发方向思考。

露天化采煤技术合理开发方向的探讨和分析

随着我国经济实力的不断发展和社会生活水平的不断提升,我国采煤技术也得到了持续、健康的发展.根据一些采煤地区的特征而采用了相对科学的露天化采煤技术.本文主要针对我国露天化采煤技术的合理开发方向进行分析,期待能对我国采煤技术合理开发方面的研究提供有益的借鉴和参考.

Ad-Hoc传感网络在智慧化露天矿山的应用

阐述了智慧化露天矿山的含义、标准,分析了智慧化露天矿的模块架构;以无线Ad-Hoc技术为载体对模块架构进行设计,利用无线传感网络对矿山进行实时感知、管理及控制。结果表明:无线Ad-Hoc传感网络技术以其投资少、自适应多种复杂环境的优势,必将带动矿业的长效发展,同时也将大力提升我国构建智慧化矿山的进程。

工业建筑的敞开和露天化

Industrial production originally restricted to factory houses is now either arranged in unenclosed, roofed spaces or partially and entirely open buildings. Such a strategy would bring both social and economic benefits. The first advantage would be economy of infrastructure investment. For normal projects, civil engineering would take about 25～40 % of the total investment. In the petrochemical sector with factories largely or entirely in the open, civil engineering investment would take about 10～14 %. The second advantage is that the construction cycle would be shortened. In the process of construction, civil works usually take the longest cycle and it follows that the shortening of civil construction period entails most patent economic benefits. The value incurred would usually surpass the value realized by the contraction of civil works. Thirdly, it will occupy less land and play a positive role in technical renovation. Finally, some industrial production tends to produce too much heat or even poison. Open production would reduce the relevant cost of treatment.

首钢京唐1^#高炉TRT工艺优化及生产实践

首钢京唐公司建设1#5500 m3高炉中,采用了纯干式全流量并联透平机主体工艺流程,在主体设备中自主集成透平机三级可调静叶、入口调速阀、高炉减压阀组联合工艺控制顶压的核心技术。工程设计提出了大型化、露天化、集约型设计理念,实现了新一代钢铁流程自主集成、国际一流的工程目标。

Ultimate pit optimization with ecological cost for open pit metal mines

The ecological costs of open pit metal mining are quantified, which include lost value of direct eco-services, lost value of indirect eco-services, prevention and restoration costs, and cost of carbon emission from energy consumption. These ecological costs are incorporated in an iterative ultimate pit optimization algorithm. A case study is presented to demonstrate the influence of ecological costs on pit design outcome. The results show that it is possible to internalize ecological costs in mine designs. The pit optimization outcome shifts considerably to the conservative side and the profitability decreases substantially when ecological costs are accounted for.

在2区爆炸危险环境采用无火花型防爆电机的意义与展望

在２区爆炸危险环境采用无火花型防爆电机的意义与展望中国石化总公司兰州设计院朱俊源由于无火花型防爆电机（以下简称无火花电机）结构简单、可靠，加之价格低廉，因而在国外早已得到厂泛的应用。但由于多方面的原因，无火花型电机在我国还没得到应有的使用，因而也阻碍...

降低新型干法生产线投资的措施

简化工艺流程、缩短物料储存期、提高国产化率、设备布置露天化等一系列技术是降低新型干法生产线投资的可行性强的措施。

Dynamic phase-mining optimization in open-pit metal mines

Three important aspects of phase-mining must be optimized:the number of phases,the geometry and location of each phase-pit(including the ultimate pit),and the ore and waste quantities to be mined in each phase.A model is presented,in which a sequence of geologically optimum pits is first generated and then dynamically evaluated to simultaneously optimize the above three aspects,with the objective of maximizing the overall net present value.In this model,the dynamic nature of the problem is fully taken into account with respect to both time and space,and is robust in accommodating different pit wall slopes and different bench heights.The model is applied to a large deposit consisting of 2044 224 blocks and proved to be both efficient and practical.

Some improvements of the marching cubes algorithm for the rendering of an orebody

Orebody-rendering techniques are developed using the marching cubes (MC) algorithm. The shape of an orebody is viv- idly displayed in real time and can be used to guide mining design as well. The MC algorithm has been improved in two aspects. By analyzing the principles of the MC algorithm, as well as the features of the specific application, improvements were developed to: eliminate ambiguities by using a unified isosurface constructing method in the voxels, and improve the operating efficiency of the MC algorithm by incorporating an octree structure. The analytical results of the examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.

Optimization of Slope Angle and Its Seismic Stability: A Case Study for the Proposed Open Pit Coalmine in Phulbari,NW Bangladesh

The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011.

Spatial-temporal variance of reclamation soil physical and chemical character in opencast mine region

In order to study the effects of soil compaction, and soil physical and chemicalcharacteristics after land reclamation, selected lands that were reclaimed after 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5 a, respectively, in the Majiata Mine of the Shendong Open Pit; tested the effects ofsoil compaction; and collected soil samples from 5 different depths, which are 0-7.62,7.62-15.24, 15.24-22.86, 22.86-30.48, and 30.48-38.10 cm, respectively. The resultsshow that: Land reclamation leads to soil compaction. The lowest effect of soil compaction is in the top layer and the highest one at the depth of 20-30 cm; The bulk density of reclaimed soil is higher than that of undisturbed soil; this declines with the reclamation and nearly reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The content of reclaimed soil nutrients is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The lowest one is inthe soil dumping site, which reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The pH value of reclaimed soil is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The highest one isin the soil dumping site; this declines with the reclamation.

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining, underground mining or both

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.

Open cut resource optimisation as applied to coal

Pit optimisation is the earliest and most established application of its kind in the minerals industry, but this has been primarily driven by metal, not coal. Coal has the same financial drivers for resource optimisation as does the metalliferous industry, yet pit optimisation is not common practice. Why？ The following discussion presents the basics of pit optimisation as they relate to coal and illustrates how a technology developed for massive deposits is not suitable for thin, multi-seam deposits where mine planning is often driven more by product quality than by value drivers such as Net Present Value. An alternative methodology is presented that takes advantage of the data structure of bedded deposits to optimise resource recovery in terms of a production schedule that meets constraints on coal quality.

Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open pit mine——the SOMAIR experience

Drilling and blasting play vital roles in opencast mining. These operations not only affect the cost of production directly but as well and significantly, the overall operational costs. This research was carried out to find a possible way of optimizing the drilling and blasting operations in an open pit mine of Somair (Société des Mines de l’Air), in the Niger Republic. In order to optimize the drilling operation, the time taken by two drilling machines to accomplish the same task was analyzed statistically. The result indicates that the Down the Hole Hammer Drilling Rig (DMNo406) is more efficient than the Drill Master (DM405). The relative unit consumption of two explosives (Explus and Nitram 9), when used under the same operating conditions, were also considered and the results indicate Explus to be more economical per unit consumption with a range of 0.15 g/t–0.183 g/t, when compared with Nitram 9 with a unit consumption range of 0.19 g/t-0.24 g/t in the study area.

Calculation of slope-cover height under price fluctuation in open-pit mines

Leaving ditches between adjacent mining areas can effectively reduce re-stripping in the latter mining area and simultaneously lead to an increment in internal dumping costs in the former mining area. This paper establishes calculation models for these two marginal costs. The optimizing model for slope cover height can be determined by including marginal cost models in the objective function. The paper has two main contributions:(a) it fully considers redistribution of dumping space in the model;(b) it introduces price fluctuations and cash discounts in the model. We use the typical open-pit mine as an example to test and prove the model. We conclude that a completely covered slope is reasonable in Haerwusu open pit mine; in addition to an increasing price index, the slope cover height can be reduced; and that price changes are one of the most important influencing factors of slope cover height optimization in an open-pit mine.

Sustainable development of lignite production on open cast mines in Serbia

Energy sector represents a key industrial branch for national, environmental and economic success. With its exclusive access to domestic deposits, lignite industry represents a guarantor of reliable raw materials, offering long-term supply security based on verified reserves. Currently operated coalmines in Serbia (Kolubara and Kostolac) have production around 36 million tons of lignite, and over 108 million m3 of overburden. Consequently, sustainability of lignite production requires cost reduction and environmental protection, as well as capacity increase. In order to rationalise, and increase efficiency of Serbian lignite mines, it is necessary to focus the activities on major issues shown within the triangle of energy policy objectives (security of supply, competi- tive prices and environmental protection). Production process optimisation singled out several special programs. Equipment revi- talization and modernization is necessary taking into account that majority of the currently operated machinery has a life up to 25 years. Production process automation would enable high level of technical operation in the field of open cast mines management. Lack of coal quality uniformity is the permanent problem resulting by great amounts of coal reserves to be used uneconomically. Planning and training at all levels and finally cooperative software for business procedures and work order management. The measures suggested are a key precondition for maintaining competitive position of lignite production on international level.

首钢京唐钢铁厂特大型高炉全干式TRT工艺技术的研究与应用

首钢京唐钢铁厂5500m^3高炉煤气采用千式袋式除尘工艺，没有湿式除尘作为辅助设施，TRT工艺系统进行了优化，提出纯干式全流量并联透平机主体工艺流程，在主体设备中自主集成透平机三级可调静叶、入口调速阀、高炉减压阀组联合工艺控制顸压的核心技术。工程设计提出了大型化、露天化、集约型设计理念，实现了新一代钢铁流程自主集成、国际一流的工程目标。