露天矿山配矿优化研究分析

为了提升西藏玉龙铜矿矿产资源的利用率,保证矿石品位的均衡和稳定,对矿石质量进行管理和规划,对西藏玉龙铜矿矿山配矿的优化方案研究分析,将其输入系统程序中,使之成为一套完整的优化方案。经过实验分析,其优化方案将使露天矿配矿优化变为简单有效、配矿效率高,对企业经济效益有明显提升的可行性方案,以满足矿石的质量要求,增加矿石产量。科学合理的配矿能够保证矿石品位的稳定,提高企业的经济效益,使企业能够可持续发展。

高效矿山爆破技术中的爆破参数优化研究

本文研究了高效矿山爆破技术中的爆破参数优化,旨在提高露天矿岩爆破的效率和质量。首先分析了当前露天矿岩爆破技术面临的挑战,包括开采深度的增加和地表环境的复杂性。提出了综合考虑台阶高度、底盘抵抗线、超深与孔深等,并通过调整炮孔密集系数、降低炮孔超深等方式进行优化的方法。最后,通过实例分析验证了优化方法的有效性,研究结果表明,优化后的爆破参数能够显著提升爆破质量,降低矿岩开采成本,提高块矿率。研究可为露天矿岩爆破参数的优化提供了实用的参考。

矿-城型露天矿环境地质灾害综合治理与利用思路

为研究矿-城型露天矿环境地质灾害综合治理与利用思路,调查了全国矿业城市的分布,结果显示3个级别的矿业城市中一级依存度城市多为资源枯竭型城市,经济发展形势严峻,综合治理和利用迫在眉睫;矿-城型露天矿常见的地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝等,对城市以及露天矿的协调发展产生不利的影响;软弱夹层发育和水对岩土的作用为影响环境地质灾害的主导因素;矿-城型露天矿的治理应包含露天矿山内部和周边扰动区;总体利用应遵循"国家支持,地方主导"、"多灾并治,治用结合"、"尊重自然,保持地貌"、"资源再生,循环利用"等发展思路。

Dynamic management system of ore blending in an open pit mine based on GIS/GPS/GPRS

Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, a dynamic management system of ore blending in an open pit mine has been designed and developed. A linear program was established in a practical application. The system is very good at automatically drawing up a daily production plan of ore blending and monitors and controls the process of mining production in real time. Experiments under real conditions show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards of ore blending in open pit mines.

GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines

In order to reduce the number of surface mining accidents related to low visibility conditions and blind spots of trucks and to provide 3D information for truck drivers and real time monitored truck information for the remote dispatcher, a 3D assisted driving system (3D-ADS) based on the GPS, mesh-wireless networks and the Google-Earth engine as the graphic interface and mine-mapping server, was developed at Virginia Tech. The research results indicate that this 3D-ADS system has the potential to increase reliability and reduce uncertainty in open pit mining operations by customizing the local 3D digital mining map, con-structing 3D truck models, tracking vehicles in real time using a 3D interface and indicating available escape routes for driver safety.

High precision slope deformation monitoring model based on the GPS/Pseudolites technology in open-pit mine

As the number and geometric intensity of visual satellites are susceptible to large slopes in open-pit mines, we propose integration of GPS/Pseudolites (PLs) positioning technology which can increase the number of visible satellites, strengthen the geometric intensity of satellites and provide a precision solution for slope deformation monitoring. However, the un-modeled systematic errors are still the main limiting factors for high precision baseline solution. In order to eliminate the un-modeled systematic error, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) theory is employed. The multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction architecture are defined here on the basis of the EMD theory and the systematic error mitigation model is demonstrated as well. A standard of the scale selection for the systematic error elimination is given in terms of the mean of the accumulated standardized modes. Thereafter, the scheme of the GPS/PLs baseline solution based on the EMD is suggested. The simulation and experiment results show that the precision factors (DOP) are reduced greatly when PLs is located suitably. The proposed scheme dramatically improves the reliability of ambiguity resolution and the precision of baseline vector after systematic error being eliminated, and provides an effective model for high precision slope deformation monitoring in open-pit mine.

Optimization of Slope Angle and Its Seismic Stability: A Case Study for the Proposed Open Pit Coalmine in Phulbari,NW Bangladesh

The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011.

GPS based checking survey and precise DEM development in Open mine

The checking survey in Open mine is one of the most frequent and important work.It plays the role of forming a connecting link between open mine planning and pro- duction.Traditional checking method has such disadvantages as long time consumption, heavy workload,complicated calculating process,and lower automation.Used GPS and GIS technologies to systematically study the core issues of checking survey in open mine. A detail GPS data acquisition coding scheme was presented.Based on the scheme an algorithm used for computer semiautomatic cartography was made.Three methods used for eliminating gross errors from raw data which were needed for creating DEM was dis- cussed.Two algorithms were researched and realized which can be used to create open mine fine DEM model with constrained conditions and to dynamically update the model. The precision analysis and evaluation of the created model were carried out.

E24 profile slope stability analysis in Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine of Fuxin

The E24 profile slope analyzed belongs to a series of excavated slopes of the Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine. It seems to be divided into Downslope Part and Upslope Part. Its profile comprises two noticeable coal seams, called the 8# and 9# weak layers, considered as the potential failure surfaces. In consideration of the actual configuration as in the perspective of any modification, assessing the stability of this slope with various profile forms under given conditions, and assessing the risk of instability and quantifying the influence of earthworks or other modifications to the stability of this slope, have constituted the primordial objectives carried out. From assumed potential failure surfaces, any specific profiles and specified slip surfaces are defined. A factor of safety (FoS) is computed for each specified slip surface; the smallest FoS found corresponds to the least favorable slip surface. The safety factor values obtained are compared to the suggested safety factor. Limit equilibrium methods of vertical slices implemented in Slope/W, computer program for slope stability analyses, have been adopted to perform the E24 slope stability analysis. The safety factor values computed with 9# weak layer are lower than for 8#; the factors of safety obtained with Sarma's method are the smallest; more, without groundwater (long term) overall values are greater than those determined under groundwater condition (short term). The lowest safety factor value is found for a profile depending on an adopted earthwork sequence. The E24 profile slope stability analysis shows the instability risk for the deepest weak layer, and also shows the short and long term stability of this slope for the envisaged earth movements. However it demonstrates the existence of instability risk for any earthwork firstly affecting the downslope part.

APPLICATION OF HIERARCHY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TO EVALUATE THE EXPLOITATIONCONDITIONS OF SURFACE MINING AREA

It always adopts the direct hierarchy analysis to value the exploitation conditions of surface mining areas. This way has some unavoidable shortcomings because it is mainly under the aid of experts and it is affected by the subjective thinking of the experts. This paper puts forwards a new approach that divides the whole exploitation conditions into sixteen subsidiary systems and each subsidiary system forms a neural network system. The whole decision system of exploitation conditions of surface mining areas is composed of sixteen subsidiary neural network systems. Each neural network is practiced with the data of the worksite, which is reasonable and scientific. This way will be a new decision approach for exploiting the surface mining areas.

STUDY ON THE RECLAMATION TECHNIQUE IN A SURFACE MINE WITH CROSS-PIT SYSTEM

A cross-pit system (CPS) could combine the excavation of coal and the reclamation of land together, thus it has been widely used in many countries. Based on a field experiment at Horse Creek mine in Illinois State of the United States, this paper deeply studies the reclamation technique of surface mining by a CPS and comprehensively evaluates its reclamation effect. Problerns and improvements of the reclamation technique are also discussed in this paper.

DISPATCHING REAL-TIME MODEL OF COMPUTER-CONTROLLED TRUCK

In order to recover ore as much as possible, a computer-controlled truck real-time dispatching model is conducted under the conditions of Qidashan lron Mine. It can not only acquire the optimization of shovel and truck operation, but also satisfy requirements of blending ores.The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the model developed.

Stability assessment and feature analysis of slope in Nanfen Open Pit Iron Mine

Under the combined influences of special topography and the long term mining in Nanfen Open Pit Iron Mine, many large scale landslide masses appeared in heading side of stope, and tens of millions of iron mine is buried underside, making great economic losses. In order to guide the safety mining and increase the supply quantity, this paper through the use of MSARMA-method and the ''MSARMA evaluation and analytical system for slope stability analysis'' based on this method, which aimed at the quantitative evaluating of the slope stability before and after the actual mining below the slip mass, and the sensitivity analysis for the main influencing factor, providing scientific proof for the parameter optimization of open mine surface slope, the security and sustainable exploitation.

Application of the organic and environment evolving principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines

According to the evolving principle of the organic and environment, firstly, for the purpose of growing and keeping the ground, some legume species were chosen as pioneer plants to improve the construction of soil and increased soil fertility in the light of the land term and soil condition. Along with soil fertility increased, it is necessary to culti-vate some shrubs and arbors which have extra resistance. Gradually it becomes the stereoscopic landscape of planting arbor-shrub-herb plants. So that the evolving of the organic and environment can be enhanced. Taking the land reclamation in the refuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example, explained the application of the organic and environment evolving principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.

Open cut resource optimisation as applied to coal

Pit optimisation is the earliest and most established application of its kind in the minerals industry, but this has been primarily driven by metal, not coal. Coal has the same financial drivers for resource optimisation as does the metalliferous industry, yet pit optimisation is not common practice. Why？ The following discussion presents the basics of pit optimisation as they relate to coal and illustrates how a technology developed for massive deposits is not suitable for thin, multi-seam deposits where mine planning is often driven more by product quality than by value drivers such as Net Present Value. An alternative methodology is presented that takes advantage of the data structure of bedded deposits to optimise resource recovery in terms of a production schedule that meets constraints on coal quality.

Spatial-temporal variance of reclamation soil physical and chemical character in opencast mine region

In order to study the effects of soil compaction, and soil physical and chemicalcharacteristics after land reclamation, selected lands that were reclaimed after 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5 a, respectively, in the Majiata Mine of the Shendong Open Pit; tested the effects ofsoil compaction; and collected soil samples from 5 different depths, which are 0-7.62,7.62-15.24, 15.24-22.86, 22.86-30.48, and 30.48-38.10 cm, respectively. The resultsshow that: Land reclamation leads to soil compaction. The lowest effect of soil compaction is in the top layer and the highest one at the depth of 20-30 cm; The bulk density of reclaimed soil is higher than that of undisturbed soil; this declines with the reclamation and nearly reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The content of reclaimed soil nutrients is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The lowest one is inthe soil dumping site, which reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The pH value of reclaimed soil is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The highest one isin the soil dumping site; this declines with the reclamation.

TRUCK DISPATCHING CRITERIA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Along with the development of automatical truck dispatching in open pits, it is important to es-tablish general-gurpose criteria for truck dispatching optimization. The existing dispatching criteria are briefly introduced and optimal dispatching criteria for different haulage systems are recommended. Obvious economic results have been obtained from case studies applying the recommended dispatching criteria.

THE RELIABILITY STUDY OF MINE DESIGN

The method of reliability analysis of mineral reserve estimation, mining construction, mining technological system and surface mine investment in mine design is discussed in this paper. On the basis of this method, the questions, such as "whether the planned production and predicted economic effectiveness could be obtained", can be answered, and corresponding measures can be taken.

LUCC of large opencast mines in loess area during ecologi-cal restoration: a case study of Pingshuo Mine

Taking Pingshuo mine as an example, this paper studies land use, cover change in the process of reclaiming in mine area in the methods of survey in fixed places, indoor analysis, investigation and verification of history data. The results show that as a special land-use form, LUCC is drastic. The change of LUCC in the process that the landform is being restructured is reflected by the change of altitude, slope exposure, slope gradient, slope patterns and specific surface area; the change of LUCC in the process that the soil is being restructured is reflected by the change of soil physical character, chemical character, biological character and erosion character; and the change of LUCC in the process that vegetation is being restructured is reflected by the increase of 91 artificial vegetations and the intrusive growth of 95 wild species.

SURFACE MINE PLANNING OPTIMIZATION BY GOAL PROGRAMMING

This paper introduced an approach to surface mine planning optimization-Goal Programming.The multiobjective[0-1] model has been built and the software has been developed.The method has been applied to a huge surface coal mine,the result of which shows that it is effective and feasible.