曾巩《田中作》“内素”“青■”辨释

金代刻本《南丰曾子固先生集》载宋代曾巩七律《田中作》,"岂论喧哗内素名"中的"内素"无解,应为"丹素",品评臧否之意,乃由于字形相近,金代工匠辨识刊刻致误。曾巩此诗描述的是春夏时冒雨在青绿水田里耕种的情景。"青■绿水自催耕"中的"■"与所写季节不合,用字亦违律,故"青■"应为"青秧",致误原因同上。

经典名方小青龙汤的研究进展及质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测

小青龙汤是解表散寒、温肺化饮之经典名方,主治外寒内饮证。现代药理学研究发现,小青龙汤具有抗过敏、抗炎、止咳平喘等功效,临床上主要运用于呼吸系统疾病的治疗,其中对过敏性疾病的治疗效果更佳,但目前对其药效物质基础研究较少。基于此,对小青龙汤近年来的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用以及质量控制的研究进展进行综述,并以质量标志物(Quality marker,Q-Marker)的“五原则”为纲领预测小青龙汤的质量标志物,结果提示麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱、桂皮醛、芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、五味子醇甲、6-姜辣素、甘草苷、甘草酸专属性强、可测性高,可作为小青龙汤的质量标志物,为小青龙汤的质量评价体系的完善提供依据。

Variation in the permafrost active layer over the Tibetan Plateau during 1980–2020

The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate fluctuations.Utilizing the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset to drive the Community Land Model,version 5.0,this study simulates the spatial and temporal characteristics of active layer thickness(ALT)on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from 1980 to 2020.Results show that the ALT,primarily observed in the central and western parts of the TP where there are insufficient station observations,exhibits significant interdecadal changes after 2000.The average thickness on the TP decreases from 2.54 m during 1980–1999 to 2.28 m during 2000–2020.This change is mainly observed in the western permafrost region,displaying a sharp regional inconsistency compared to the eastern region.A persistent increasing trend of ALT is found in the eastern permafrost region,rather than an interdecadal change.The aforementioned changes in ALT are closely tied to the variations in the surrounding atmospheric environment,particularly air temperature.Additionally,the area of the active layer on the TP displays a profound interdecadal change around 2000,arising from the permafrost thawing and forming.It consistently decreases before 2000 but barely changes after 2000.The regional variation in the permafrost active layer over the TP revealed in this study indicates a complex response of the contemporary climate under global warming.

Future changes in precipitation and water availability over the Tibetan Plateau projected by CMIP6 models constrained by climate sensitivity

Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assessed likely range of equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)and the climatological precipitation performance,the authors constrain the CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)model projection of summer precipitation and water availability over the TP.The best estimates of precipitation changes are 0.24,0.25,and 0.45 mm d^(−1)(5.9%,6.1%,and 11.2%)under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios of SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,and SSP5–8.5 from 2050–2099 relative to 1965–2014,respectively.The corresponding constrained projections of water availability measured by precipitation minus evaporation(P–E)are 0.10,0.09,and 0.22 mm d^(−1)(5.7%,4.9%,and 13.2%),respectively.The increase of precipitation and P–E projected by the high-ECS models,whose ECS values are higher than the upper limit of the likely range,are about 1.7 times larger than those estimated by constrained projections.Spatially,there is a larger increase in precipitation and P–E over the eastern TP,while the western part shows a relatively weak difference in precipitation and a drier trend in P–E.The wetter TP projected by the high-ECS models resulted from both an approximately 1.2–1.4 times stronger hydrological sensitivity and additional warming of 0.6℃–1.2℃ under all three scenarios during 2050–2099.This study emphasizes that selecting climate models with climate sensitivity within the likely range is crucial to reducing the uncertainty in the projection of TP precipitation and water availability changes.

Isolated deep convections over the Tibetan Plateau in the rainy season during 2001–2020

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a prevalent region for convection systems due to its unique thermodynamic forcing.This study investigated isolated deep convections(IDCs),which have a smaller spatial and temporal size than mesoscale convective systems(MCSs),over the TP in the rainy season(June-September)during 2001–2020.The authors used satellite precipitation and brightness temperature observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.Results show that IDCs mainly concentrate over the southern TP.The IDC number per rainy season decreases from around 140 over the southern TP to around 10 over the northern TP,with an average 54.2.The initiation time of IDCs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle,with the peak at 1400–1500 LST and the valley at 0900–1000 LST.Most IDCs last less than five hours and more than half appear for only one hour.IDCs generally have a cold cloud area of 7422.9 km^(2),containing a precipitation area of approximately 65%.The larger the IDC,the larger the fraction of intense precipitation it contains.IDCs contribute approximately 20%–30%to total precipitation and approximately 30%–40%to extreme precipitation over the TP,with a larger percentage in July and August than in June and September.In terms of spatial distribution,IDCs contribute more to both total precipitation and extreme precipitation over the TP compared to the surrounding plain regions.IDCs over the TP account for a larger fraction than MCSs,indicating the important role of IDCs over the region.

Projected changes in extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau based on a set of RCM simulations

Extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)cause considerable damage to local society and natural ecosystems.In this study,the authors investigate the projected changes in such events over the TP and its surrounding areas based on an ensemble of a set of 21st century climate change projections using a regional climate model,RegCM4.The model is driven by five CMIP5 global climate models at a grid spacing of 25 km,under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways.Four modified ETCCDI extreme indices-namely,SNOWTOT,S1mm,S10mm,and Sx5day-are employed to characterize the extreme snowfall events.RegCM4 generally reproduces the spatial distribution of the indices over the region,although with a tendency of overestimation.For the projected changes,a general decrease in SNOWTOT is found over most of the TP,with greater magnitude and better cross-simulation agreement over the eastern part.All the simulations project an overall decrease in S1mm,ranging from a 25%decrease in the west and to a 50%decrease in the east of the TP.Both S10mm and Sx5day are projected to decrease over the eastern part and increase over the central and western parts of the TP.Notably,S10mm shows a marked increase(more than double)with high cross-simulation agreement over the central TP.Significant increases in all four indices are found over the Tarim and Qaidam basins,and northwestern China north of the TP.The projected changes show topographic dependence over the TP in the latitudinal direction,and tend to decrease/increase in low-/high-altitude areas.

Preparation of a high-performance synthetic pitch from aromatic hydrocarbons containing N/Cl

The preparation of a synthetic pitch from aromatic monomers could easily regulate structure orientation at the molecu-lar level,which would be useful in fabrication.An isotropic synthetic pitch was prepared by a chlorine-and/or nitrogen-induced sub-stitution polymerization reaction method using aromatic hydrocarbon precursors containing Cl and N,which for this study were chloromethyl naphthalene and quinoline.This method was verified by investigating the structural changes under different synthesis conditions,and the synthesis mechanism induced by aromatics containing Cl was also probed.The result shows that the pyridinic N in quinoline contains a lone pair of electrons,and is an effective active site to induce the polymerization reaction by coupling with aromatic hydrocarbons containing Cl.The reaction between such free radicals causes strong homopolymerization and oligomeriza-tion.A higher reaction temperature and longer reaction time significantly increased the degree of polymerization and thus increased the softening point of the pitch.A linear molecular structure was formed by the Cl substitution reaction,which produced a highly spinnable pitch with a softening point of 258.6℃,and carbon fibers with a tensile strength of 1163.82 MPa were obtained.This study provides a relatively simple and safe method for the preparation of high-quality spinnable pitch.

Effect of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-aluminum-bronze alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

This work investigated the effect of process parameters on densification,microstructure,and mechanical properties of a nickel-aluminum-bronze(NAB)alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing.The LPBF-printed NAB alloy samples with relative densities of over 98.5%were obtained under the volumetric energy density range of 200−250 J/mm^(3).The microstructure of the NAB alloy printed in both horizontal and vertical planes primarily consisted ofβ'martensitic phase and bandedαphase.In particular,a coarser-columnar grain structure and stronger crystallographic texture were achieved in the vertical plane,where the maximum texture intensity was 30.56 times greater than that of random textures at the(100)plane.Increasing the volumetric energy density resulted in a decrease in the columnar grain size,while increasing the amount ofαphase.Notably,β_(1)'martensitic structures with nanotwins and nanoscaleκ-phase precipitates were identified in the microstructure of LPBF-printed NAB samples with a volumetric energy density of 250 J/mm^(3).Furthermore,under optimal process parameters with a laser power of 350 W and scanning speed of 800 mm/s,significant improvements were observed in the microhardness(HV 386)and ultimate tensile strength(671 MPa),which was attributed to an increase in refined acicular martensite.

Semi-quantitative analysis of the structural evolution of mesophase pitch-based carbon foams by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy

Graphitized carbon foams(GFms)were prepared using mesophase pitch(MP)as a raw material by foaming(450℃),pre-oxidation(320℃),carbonization(1000℃)and graphitization(2800℃).The differences in structure and properties of GFms prepared from different MP precursors pretreated by ball milling or liquid phase extraction were investigated and compared,and semi-quantitative calculations were conducted on the Raman and FTIR spectra of samples at each preparation stage.Semi-quantitat-ive spectroscopic analysis provided detailed information on the structure and chemical composition changes of the MP and GFm de-rived from it.Combined with microscopic observations,the change from precursor to GFm was analyzed.The results showed that ball milling concentrated the distribution of aromatic molecules in the pitch,which contributed to uniform foaming to give a GFm with a uniform pore distribution and good properties.Liquid phase extraction helped remove light components while retaining large aromatics to form graphitic planes with the largest average size during post-treatment to produce a GFm with the highest degree of graphitization and the fewest open pores,giving the best compression resistance(2.47 MPa),the highest thermal conductivity(64.47 W/(m·K))and the lowest electrical resistance(13.02μΩ·m).Characterization combining semi-quantitative spectroscopic ana-lysis with microscopic observations allowed us to control the preparation of the MP-derived GFms.

Global CO_(2) concentration change induced by“trigger-connectors”model,especially since about 24 Ma?A preliminary hypothesis

Background,aim,and scope The tectonic uplift of the Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau has produced a chain effect,which is an excellent location for Earth system science research,and its uplift process,mechanism and environmental effects are the hot spot and frontier of the current research.The“Tibetan Plateau uplift-weathering-CO_(2) concentration-global climate change”model was put forward by Raymo and Ruddiman to interpret the Late Cenozoic climate change.However,there are still some questions suspended,such as does the weathering of the Tibetan Plateau have the ability to control the global climate?How to explain the modern-like global CO_(2) concentration starting at about 24 Ma?Here,a short space was taken to present a brainstorm about the above questions on account of existing geological pieces of evidence.Materials and methods In this paper,we integrate the formation and evolution of the Yangtze River and Pearl River,the origin and development of the Asian inland aridification-monsoon system,the Cenozoic tectonic uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau,and the westerly winds to discuss and analyze the relationship between the Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration changes and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and why the CO_(2) concentration similar to the present was formed at about 24 Ma.Results Similar correspondence of the surface uplift history of Xizang,other global mountains,and the declining CO_(2) concentration could support the theory Tibetan Plateau weathering inf luences CO_(2) concentration.Starting from 24 Ma,the most important character was the uplift and erosion of Xizang and Himalaya,collaborating with Ocean Iron Fertilization(OIF)together as an entity to control the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration because the great Asian rivers,Asian monsoons,and westerlies connected Xizang and surrounded seas together through materials transportation.Discussion Paleogeographic reconstructions from 40 Ma to 20 Ma illustrate that the main topographic change occurred in the Andes,Cordillera orogenic belt,and Xizang.We comprise a comprehensive set of evidence from independent data,which correspond temporally with the tipping point(about 24 Ma)of the atmospheric CO_(2) and we noticed that modern-like Asia monsoon,inland aridity,Asian great rivers,and climate zone formed at about 24 Ma and also there are tectonic activities for the Andes and Rockies.We raised the possibility that the modern-like atmospheric CO_(2) concentration at about 24 Ma was caused by the above geological factors.Here the rivers,monsoon,and westerlies are termed as“connectors”.In addition,these Asian rivers originated from Xizang,the monsoon,and inner Asian aridification are strongly a function of the uplift and growth of Xizang,thus,Xizang here is named as“trigger”.The distinct character of“trigger-connectors”model is that this not only takes the monsoon,westerlies,and the global great rivers into consideration but also expands the range which inf luences atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,from local points to a vast area since about 24 Ma,such as from Tibetan Plateau to Asia,including surrounded seas,after about 24 Ma.However,because the opening of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Antarctic periphery straits is highly coincident with the onset of modern-like global atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,we are forced to consider that they also had a significant impact on the reduction of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations at this time.Conclusions“Trigger-connectors”was put forward to explain the Cenozoic CO_(2) variation,especially modern-like global CO_(2) concentration since about 24 Ma.Recommendations and perspectives Here we use the“trigger-connectors”model to explain the formation of modern-like CO_(2) concentrations starting at about 24 Ma,but there are still some problems.The most important premise for the“trigger-connectors”model is the constructed Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration record is reliable,which is the foundation of our hypothesis.In the future,potential improvements should focus on topographic reconstructions of Xizang and the global mountains.Here we have concentrated on Xizang in the considered timeslices but still,pay less attention to other global orogenic belts.Collaborations with geologist experts in those regions could provide valuable feedback to evaluate their potential role of them in CO_(2) evolution.What is more,considerable progress may be achieved with the addition and consideration of more and new geological data.

Improvement Mechanism of Adhesion Performance of Anti-stripping Agents and Coupling Agents on Asphalt-Aggregate Interface Based on Molecular Dynamics

This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.

大数据背景下高校多元混合式教学模式改革研究

本文对高校多元混合式教学模式改革的基本原则进行分析,并对大数据背景下高校多元混合式教学模式改革的重要性加以阐述,提出了发挥大数据技术优势,搭建资源共享平台、注重教学模式创新,加强多元混合师生关系建立以及合理构建教学评价体系,助力多元混合式教学提质增效等改革措施,以期有效强化多元混合式教学模式的改革成效,助推高校教育高质量、深层次发展。

A review of the catalytic preparation of mesophase pitch

Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperat-ures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly im-prove the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pre-treatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a cata-lyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.

小青龙汤合九味羌活汤治疗寒湿犯肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病疗效

目的探讨小青龙汤合九味羌活汤治疗寒湿犯肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病疗效。方法选取该院2020年1月—2022年1月收治的80例寒湿犯肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组40例(给予小青龙汤合九味羌活汤治疗)和对照组40例(给予九味羌活汤治疗)。观察治疗后的临床疗效、症状积分、肺功能情况、炎症反应、不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为95.00%(38/40),高于对照组患者的80.00%(32/40)(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的咳嗽、喘息、发热、鼻塞、肢体酸痛等症状积分比较,数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组咳嗽、喘息、发热、鼻塞、肢体酸痛等症状积分均低于对照组,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV)、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratoryvolume in one second,FEV_(l))、第1秒呼气率(FEV_(l)/FVC)、峰值呼气流速(peak expiratory flow,PEF)比较,数据差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的FVC、FEV_(l)、FEVl/FVC、MVV、PEF水平均高于对照组患者,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者白细胞介素-6(interleukin,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)值比较,数据差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的IL-6、TNF-α值分别为(53.41±2.22)pg/mL、(78.12±2.24)pg/mL,均低于对照组患者的(62.67±3.19)pg/mL、(82.25±3.19)pg/mL,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率与对照组患者比较(P>0.05)。结论小青龙汤合九味羌活汤治疗寒湿犯肺型慢性阻塞性肺疾病能够提高患者的临床疗效,改善中医证候积分以及肺功能情况,降低体内炎症介质水平,安全性较高,值得临床推广。

Multicenter Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules through a clinical randomized controlled trial and to analyze the potential action targets and pathways of this formula using network pharmacology.Methods Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)of liver–stomach stagnant heat pattern who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.The control group received oral rabeprazole,whereas the observation group were given Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules in addition to the rabeprazole.The treatment duration was 8 weeks.Clinical efficacy was observed in both groups after 8 weeks.Network pharmacology was used to analyze the action targets of ZhenzhuQingyuanGranules and the genes related to GERD,and core targets were inferred.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of this formula.Results The clinical research results showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.68%,compared with 70.00%in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).After treatment,both Chinese medicine syndrome score and endoscopic score improved in both groups compared with before treatment(p<0.05),and the treatment group showed greater improvement than the control group(p<0.05).Network pharmacology identified effective components of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for treating GERD,including quercetin,luteolin,andβ-sitosterol,with potential action targets such as tumor protein 53(TP53),protein kinase B(AKT1),and tumor necrosis factor.Conclusion Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with GERD of liver–stomach stagnated heat pattern,enhance clinical efficacy,and have high safety.This formula may exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.

小青龙汤对β_(2)肾上腺素能受体减敏哮喘小鼠RhoGDI_(2)/GRK_(2)/β-arrestin信号传导的影响

目的探讨小青龙汤对β_(2)肾上腺素能受体(β_(2)-AR)减敏哮喘小鼠的可能作用机制。方法30只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、小青龙汤组(中药组)、地塞米松组及小青龙汤加地塞米松组(中药加地塞米松组),每组6只。除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠通过用卵蛋白(OVA)致敏激发及沙丁胺醇反复刺激来进行造模。造模后自激发第1天起,小青龙汤组每天灌服小青龙汤0.76 g/100 g,地塞米松组每天以腹腔注射地塞米松0.07 mg/100 g,小青龙汤加地塞米松组每天灌服小青龙汤及腹腔注射地塞米松,剂量同前,连续7 d。末次给予OVA激发后24 h,采用EMK动物肺功能测量系统监测各组小鼠的气道阻力,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察小鼠肺组织病理情况,逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)分别检测肺组织中β_(2)-AR、Rho鸟苷酸解离抑制因子2(RhoGDI_(2))、β-AR激酶(GRK_(2))、β-抑制蛋白(β-arrestin)的mRNA表达,Western blot测定肺组织中β_(2)-AR、RhoGDI_(2)、GRK_(2)、β-arrestin含量。结果病理组织学观察发现β_(2)-AR减敏哮喘小鼠气道炎症浸润,各级支气管管壁显著增厚,管道狭窄,且较空白组的病理表现明显加重,经给药后均有不同减轻,以小青龙汤加地塞米松组最优;小鼠气道阻力测定显示随着乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)给药浓度的增加,模型组气道阻力较空白组逐渐增加,给药后各组均有下降趋势,以中药加地塞米松组下降最为明显(P<0.05);肺组织中β_(2)-ARmRNA及β_(2)-AR的表达明显下降,经药物干预后两者均有不同程度的上升,其中肺组织中β_(2)-ARmRNA的表达以小青龙汤加地塞米松组最优,而小青龙汤与地塞米松组之间差异无统计学意义;经造模后与空白组相比,小鼠肺组织中RhoGDI_(2)、GRK_(2)、β-arrestin及它们的mRNA的表达均有不同程度的增强(P<0.05),经药物干预后与模型组相比,小青龙汤组、地塞米松组及小青龙汤加地塞米松组中RhoGDI_(2)、GRK_(2)、β-arrestin及它们的mRNA的表达均下降(P<0.05),且小青龙汤组与地塞米松组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论小青龙汤对β_(2)-AR减敏哮喘小鼠的作用机制可能通过影响肺组织β_(2)-AR的表达及RhoGDI_(2)/GRK_(2)/β-arrestin信号传导来实现,且效果与地塞米松相当。

青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热疗效及对核因子κB p65(Nuclear factor-kappaBp65,NF-kappaB p65)蛋白、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-10,IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)的影响。方法 选取诊治的癌性发热患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例,对照组常规西药治疗,观察组采用青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗,治疗时间7 d,观察退热效果、治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α变化。结果 观察组体温开始下降时间、体温恢复正常时间短于对照组,每次退热持续时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清总NF-κB p65蛋白及活性NF-κB p65蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗均下降,且观察组下降幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为18.00%(9/50)、对照组为14.00%(7/50),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗疗效整体优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗总有效率为96.00%(48/50),高于对照组的80.00%(40/50)(P<0.05)。结论 青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热退热效果显著,能够缩短患者体温恢复正常的时间,改善NF-κB p65蛋白、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平。

六味小青龙汤抑制p38MAPK/p22phox通路减轻哮喘大鼠慢性炎症作用机制研究

目的探讨六味小青龙汤抑制p38MAPK/p22phox哮减轻喘大鼠慢性炎症的作用机制。方法120只SD大鼠分为空白组,模型组,六味小青龙汤低、中、高剂量组,地塞米松组6组,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测各组大鼠干预后血清,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组肺组织病理改变,比较肺组织炎症细胞浸润;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测各组肺组织p38MAPKmRNA、p22phoxmRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组DUOX1、DUOX2、p38MAPK及HO-1蛋白表达。结果模型组BALF IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α水平均高于空白组(P<0.05),地塞米松及六味小青龙汤能降低哮喘大鼠BALF中IL-4、IL-5含量(P<0.05)。p22phoxmRNA、p38MAPKmRNA在模型组中表达升高(P<0.05),中剂量六味小青龙汤能降低p22phoxmRNA表达(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量六味小青龙汤组均能使p38MAPKmRNA表达降低(P<0.05),地塞米松对p22phoxmRNA、p38MAPKmRNA表达的影响不明显(P>0.05)。DUOX1在初期模型组中表达较空白组升高,六味小青龙汤高剂量能降低DUOX1的表达(P<0.05)。DUOX2在模型组中较空白组表达升高,六味小青龙汤中、高剂量能降低DUOX2的表达(P<0.05)。HO-1在模型组中较空白组表达升高,高剂量六味小青龙汤以及地塞米松能降低HO-1的表达(P<0.05)。p38MAPK蛋白在模型组中较空白组表达升高,六味小青龙汤中、高剂量以及地塞米松均能降低p38MAPK蛋白表达(P<0.05)。六味小青龙汤及地塞米松组肺组织炎症细胞浸润均较模型组改善。结论六味小青龙汤可抑制p38MAPK/p22phox通路减轻哮喘大鼠肺组织病变和慢性炎症,下调p38MAPKmRNA、22phoxmRNA与DUOX1、DUOX2、HO-1、p38MAPK蛋白表达,降低IL-4、IL-5、TNF-α水平。

小青龙汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的机制研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重危害人类身体健康,其患病率、致残率、病死率均较高,病情易反复,多呈进行性发展,使患者的生活质量下降,并给其家庭带来经济负担。痰饮伏肺是慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期反复发作的重要内因。小青龙汤有解表散寒,温肺化饮之功效,张仲景曾用于治疗“外寒里饮”的“太阳病”,是治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期外寒里饮型的经典方剂,可使风寒解、痰饮去,肺宣降功能恢复,诸症逐渐自平。

论生态环境损害赔偿司法确认制度的构建

现有制度体系下,生态环境损害赔偿磋商协议的执行保障依靠民事司法确认制度。生态环境利益的公益属性与民事权益的私益属性形成强烈反差,民事司法确认制度建构以私益为基础,难以满足生态环境利益救济的需要,基于现实需求,生态环境损害赔偿司法确认制度亟待建立。在制度构建过程中,要明确生态环境损害赔偿司法确认制度与民事司法确认制度的差异,把握住生态环境利益的公益属性,将更好地实现受损生态环境利益的救济作为根本追求,以专业性为依托,从申请方式、管辖法院等五个维度完成制度核心的构建,进而保证受损生态环境利益救济的质量与效率。