儿科识证要诀

儿科识证要诀云南中医学院（６５００１１）柯尊楷１形态静漠属寒，躁扰属热；疲萎软弱为虚，高吭劲强为实。胖多实征，痰湿壅滞为患居多；赢乃虚候，气血不足致病易见。２发肤发青密厚，当知精气有余；发黄稀枯，必是气血不足。肤润明泽，为脾肺充盈之征；肤干甲错，乃精...

Home range,population density,and habitat utilization of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans)

We assessed habitat preference and population status of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans),a poorly known Chinese endemic bird,at two sites (Zhuoni and Jiuzhaigou) in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau between 2001 and 2004.Mean group size was 3.8 jays.Each group occupied a mean home range of 42.0 ha during the breeding season,and the mean internest distance was 2.7 km.These data indicated that the jays used less than ten percent of the available habitats and occurred at an overall density of only 0.6 jays per km2.Radio-tracked Sichuan Jays had a strong preference for mature montane coniferous forests and avoided areas dominated by shrubs,while the utilization of young conifers,grassland,and human residential habitat types did not differ significantly from the values expected from the home-range availabilities of these habitats generally.

Permanent deformation response parameters of asphalt mixtures for a new mix-confined repeated load test

The main objective of this work is to propose new mixture response parameters and to compare correlations with rut depths and sensitivity of permanent deformation response parameters based on field extracted cores and lab-mixed duplicates. A new "mix-confined" test is developed and four new parameters for this test are proposed. Correlation coefficients with rut depths and coefficients of variation (sensitivity) are compared between the four new and two existing parameters. Some parameters are recommended to be used for the newly developed test. The results show that, newly developed test can capture the changes of permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures. Only one new parameter (D1 of Stephen Price model) and one existing parameter (flow number, Fn ) have strong correlations with rut depths of asphalt pavements (R2 greater than 0.7) and have relative small sensitivity (coefficient of variation, COV, less than 30%). For polymer modified asphalt mixtures, the parameter D1 rather than Fn should be used. These findings can be used to check the permanent deformation of asphalt mixture during the mix design.

Roughness evaluation of three-dimensional asphalt pavement based on two-dimensional power spectral density

To solve the problem of the lack of comprehensive evaluation of three-dimensional(3D)asphalt pavement roughness,a method for evaluating the asphalt pavement roughness is proposed based on two-dimensional(2D)power spectral density(PSD).By calculating the 2D PSD of a 3D asphalt pavement and converting it into the longitudinal average asphalt pavement PSD,the relationship between the evaluation method of the 3D asphalt pavement roughness and the current evaluation standard of roughness is established.Combined with the road-fitting formula used in international standards,the elevation data of the A,B,C,and D grades of the 3D asphalt pavement are simulated by the harmonic superposition method.According to the proposed method,the longitudinal PSD of each level of simulated asphalt pavement is calculated and compared with the standard spectral line of each pavement level.This approach verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in evaluating the roughness of the 3D asphalt pavement.Compared with the PSD of a certain horizontal profile elevation,it is verified that the fluctuation amplitude of the spectral line calculated by the proposed method is greatly improved.The results show that the proposed method can evaluate the roughness of asphalt pavements more comprehensively and accurately and has strong practicability.

Accurate Quantification of Grassland Cover Density in an Alpine Meadow Soil Based on Remote Sensing and GPS

The principles of remotely estimating grassland cover density in an alpine meadow soil from space lie in the synchronous collection of in situ samples with the satellite pass and statistically linking these cover densities to their image properties according to their geographic coordinates. The principles and procedures for quantifying grassland cover density from satellite image data were presented with an example from Qinghai Lake, China demonstrating how quantification could be made more accurate through the integrated use of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS). An empirical model was applied to an entire satellite image to convert pixel values into ground cover density. Satellite data based on 68 field samples was used to produce a map of ten cover densities. After calibration a strong linear regression relationship (r2 = 0.745) between pixel values on the satellite image and in situ measured grassland cover density was established with an 89% accuracy level. However, to minimize positional uncertainty of field samples, integrated use of hyperspatial satellite data and GPS could be utilized. This integration could reduce disparity in ground and space sampling intervals, and improve future quantification accuracy even more.

Research on segregation evaluation methods of asphalt pavement based on air voids distribution

Eye observation was used to evaluate the segregation degree of asphalt pavement, which was not much creditable. To the asphalt pavement, road surface texture measuring method which has appeared recently can identify gradational segregation; but it can’t reflect the influence of the temperature segregation. However, using infrared temperature detector to evaluate the segregation must be taken during paving, which brings much inconvenience. In this paper, measuring the air voids distribution using non-nuclear density gauge to evaluate asphalt pavement segregation was introduced. Result shows that this method can directly reflect the comprehensive results of the two types of segregation in a high efficient and accurate way. Moreover, using the sketch map of segregation area can help to analyze the segregation reason visually.

Influence of different sports on fat mass and lean mass in growing girls

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different sports(swimming, football, basketball, and handball) on fat mass and lean mass in prepubertal and pubertal girls.Methods: Two hundred girls(10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into 5 groups: 40 swimmers, 40 football players, 40 basketball players, 40 handball players, and 40 controls. Fat and lean masses at whole body, arms, trunk, and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA). Pubertal status was determined using Tanner test. Effects of different sports on fat and lean masses were assessed through analysis of covariance with height as covariates. Analyses were performed separately in 2 groups depending on the Tanner stage(prepubertal and pubertal).Results: The girls of the control group had less lean mass and more fat mass compared to the girls who play sports(p < 0.05). There were differences in body fat between sports. The swimmers and football players had less body fat(p < 0.05). On the other hand, handball players showed the highest values in lean mass(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Impact sports(football, basketball, and handball) and low-impact sports(swimming) provide an appropriate development of lean mass in growing girls. We can conclude that people practicing sports at early ages ensure a lower fat mass and higher lean mass compared to those who do not practice. These results may be useful as a preventive method of adult obesity.

Review of Factors Affecting the Yield and Quality of Corn Silage

Corn silage is the most popular and important source of energy and fber for ruminants. Much research focused on the chopping length, additives, sealing system, harmful bacteria and their toxins, and so forth, has been done on corn silage both at home in China and abroad. Some suggestions were presented in this review： （1） Corn silage modulation： Whole-plant corn harvested at the milk-ripe stage with a dry matter （DM） content of 30%~40% was selected as silage material and treated by rubbing and cutting. In the process of silage, commercial Lactobacillus buchneri was inoculated, exogenous protease added appropriately, cellulose enzyme added depending on the phenological period, the silage container and the species of the animals, and coextruded polyethylene？polyamide oxygen barrier flm （OB） selected as the seal material. （2） Strengthening management： Aerobic exposure should be avoided at the storage stage and reduced during the feeding phase. The proportion of corn silage was increased depending on the type of animal and their management. （3） Suggestions for further research： Further studies would be needed for the effects of liquid and solid wastes on soil, water and vegetation, and the treatment of these wastes.

Height and weight are correlated with lumbar spinal bone mineral contents and densities in Chinese adolescents with early ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To explore the possible factors influencing lumbar spinal bone mineral contents and bone mineral densities in Chinese adolescents with early ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Methods: Thirty-one male Chinese adolescent outpatients with early AS were included and compared with 31 age-matched male controls. Age (year), height (cm), total body weight (kg) together with body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2) of all subjects and disease duration (month), BASMI, BASFI, BASDAI, SASSS as well as ESR (mm/h) of AS patients were obtained. Lumbar 2-4 bone mineral content (L 2-4BMC, g) and lumbar 2-4 areal bone mineral density (L 2-4 BMD, g/cm 2) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with Lunar DPX-IQ device and lumbar 2-4 volumetric bone mineral apparent density (L 2-4 BMAD, g/cm 3) was subsequently calculated. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: Compared with 31 age-matched male controls, AS patients had significantly lower L 2-4BMD [(0.984±0.142) g/cm 2 vs (1.055±0.137) g/cm 2, P=0.049] and L 2-4BMAD [(0.1527±0.0173) g/cm 3 vs (0.1630±0.0195) g/cm 3, P=0.032]. In AS patients, multiple regression analysis identified that only the factor of height was significantly correlated with L 2-4BMC (R=0.673, P=0.000) and the factor of weight had predominant influences on L 2-4BMD (R=0.620, P=0.000) as well as L 2-4BMAD (R=0.510, P=0.003). Conclusion: The young patients with early AS had marked reduction in lumbar spine bone mineral densities, which indicated an important primary event leading to osteoporosis. Positive effects of height and weight on lumbar spine bone mass and densities could expectantly make favorable contributions to early prevention of AS associated bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis.

The Correlation between Density and Low-Temperature Creep Property of Asphalt

The density of asphalt was measured with the pycnometer and densitometer. Creep properties of the asphalt were investigated with the bending beam rheometer at temperatures ranging from 0 ~C to -36 ~C. The asphalt density data used to correlate with the creep properties were calculated from the regression equation of density and temperature. The asphalt sample used to determine the creep property was aged by the standard RTFOT test and the PAV test. The test results showed that the asphalt density had a linear relationship with temperature changes. The logarithm of the creep stiffness and the slope of the logarithm of the stiffness at 60 seconds all demonstrated a linear relationship with the density, and the regression coefficient of these data was around 0.99. The creep stiffness and the slope of the creep stiffness can be calculated from the asphalt density at the same temperature.

The effect of modification of matrix on densification efficiency of pitch based carbon composites

Using coal tar pitch as a matrix precursor to prepare carbon materials is widelyused by impregnation/carbonization processing technology.Four different grades of coaltar pitch and a natural pitch were characterized in terms of carbon yield, density, viscosity,and fractionation with solvents, as well as by thermal analysis methods.The suitability ofthese commercially available matrices for densification of 3 dimensional carbon-carboncomposites was examined.The theoretical results compared with experimental results.The highest density after impregnation was obtained using one of the coal tar pitches.Thepredicted results are in reasonable agreement with experiment data.The significance ofthis research is that a special heat treatment regime was conducted.The effects of modificationtemperature on the densification efficiency of composites were investigated andthen structure and characteristics of the composites were determined by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).

Intracellular and current source density analysis of pretectal input to the optic tectum of the frog

Objective Electrophysiological examination of the ipsilateral pretectotectal projection has proved that pretectal cells elicit strong suppressive responses to the ipsilateral tectum.However,the neural mechanisms underlying the contralateral pretectotectal prejection are still obscure.The present study aimed to examine the synaptic nature of pretectal nuclei and contralateral tectal cells,and to demonstrate the spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal activity in the 2 main brain structures. Methods Intracellular recording and current source density（CSD）analysis were used to test the complexity of neuronal mechanism of pretectotectal information transfer.Results The pretectal stimulation elicited only one type of response on the contralateral tectum,the inhibitory postsynaptic potential（IPSP）.The majority of contra-induced IPSPs were assumed to be polysynaptically driven.In the CSD analysis,only one sink with short latency was observed in each profile.The ipsilateral projection produced a prominent monosynaptic sink in layer 8 of tectum.Recipient neurons were located in layers 6 and 7 of tectum.The result confirmed former findings from ipsilateral intracellular recordings.Conclusion These results suggest the following neuronal circuit：afferents from the pretectal nuclei broadly inhibit both tectal neuron,and since no second sink occurs in tectal layers,the pretectotectal excitatory afferents probably do not extend over the whole tectum,but are within limited state.The results of intracellular recording and CSD analysis further provide evidence of how pretectal afferent activity flows within the tectal laminae.