Superpave沥青混合料路用性能研究

高性能沥青路面技术(Superpave)是美国公路战略研究计划(SHRP)的沥青课题研究成果。通过对目前我国高速公路下面层常用的Sup-25和上面层常用的Sup-16沥青混合料进行试验研究,探讨了Superpave沥青混合料路用性能的优越性,并研究了Superpave禁区和控制点存在的合理性。

广东省断级配与GAC沥青混合料适用性分析

为分析断级配与GAC两种混合料类型的适用性,进行断级配与GAC级配特点分析,并以级配范围差异较大的断级配与GAC型AC-25、AC-20作为对比级配规格,分别进行花岗岩、石灰岩及辉绿岩机制砂对沥青混合料体积指标与路用性能指标影响对比。通过对比分析得到:断级配混合料级配范围较窄、粗骨料较多,对原材料规格变异性、细集料变化敏感性、混合料施工的抗离析能力及拌和站计量的稳定性要求较高,配合比设计应适当增加细集料用量;断级配混合料填料用量及油石比较高,一定程度上增加了施工成本;两种混合料类型混合料均具有良好高温性能及抗水损害性能,且可认为两种混合料类型路用性能相当。

不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验采用稻草分别与玉米秸杆、象草混合青贮,同时添加纤维素复合酶制剂和乳酸菌制剂,研究稻草的最佳青贮模式以及5种不同处理的稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,稻草与玉米秸杆混合青贮(同时添加纤维素复合酶制剂)料可使奶牛产奶量显著高于其他青贮组合(P<0.05),但对乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05),其他组之间的产奶量和乳成分差异不显著(P>0.05)。

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模和干玉米秸混合青贮料喂牛试验

８头４～５岁的役用秦川母牛按配对原则分为对照组和试验组。两组牛的精料配方基本相同，但试验组牛饲粮用７．７５％的鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模粉（以下简称鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１）代替对照组中同等重量的小麦麸；对照组牛的粗料全部用干玉米秸，试验组半用６０％干玉米秸和４０％的玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯叶混合青贮料。正试期２０ｄ。结果表明：试验组牛的平均日增重为 ０．７８７ｋｇ，对照组０．６９０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组牛日增重提高了 １４．０６％；每增重 １ｋｇ活重试验组牛消耗精、粗料分别为２．５４ｋｇ、５．２５ｋｇ，对照组半分别为２．９０ｋｇ、５．５０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组个节约精料０．３６ｋｇ、粗料０．２５ｋｇ；试验组每头牛毛盈利为７３．３４元，对照组５９．４０元，前者比后者提高经济效益２３．４７％。说明在役用母牛饲粮中，用鲁梅克斯粉代替精料中的小麦麸并用玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯混合青贮料能获得良好的生产性能和经济效益。

水葫芦渣与玉米粉混合青贮料饲喂山羊的试验研究

按照试验饲粮不同，将36头平均始质量（21．4±1．0）妇的云南圭山山羊分为2处理组，用于研究水葫芦渣与玉米粉混合青贮料对山羊生长性能及肌肉矿物质元素含量的影响，对照组饲喂日粮50％精料＋50％鸭茅草，试验组饲喂50％精料＋20％鸭茅草＋30％水葫芦渣混合青贮料。

分析混合青贮料对提高肉羊生产性能、改善生化指标的作用

目的旨在分析混合青贮料对提高肉羊生产性能、改善生化指标的影响作用。方法选择60只5月龄的小尾寒羊随机分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复各15只,饲养2个月。对照组给予精料40%+全株玉米青贮料60%,试验组给予精料40%+全株玉米青贮料20%+马铃薯淀粉渣-玉米秸秆混合青贮料40%。结果2组肉羊始重比较差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组干物质采食量和末重高于对照组,平均日增重高于对照组,料重比、尿素氮水平低于对照组(P<0.05);试验第0 d 2组对象血液生化各项指标比较差异不显著(P>0.05),第60 d后试验组肉羊的尿素氮和葡萄糖水平均明显高于本组第0 d和对照组第60 d水平,差异显著(P<0.05)。使用马铃薯淀粉渣玉米秸秆混合青贮饲料能够提高肉羊的生长性能,提高饲料的利用率,在生产上可使用80%的混合青贮饲料替代全株玉米青贮料来饲喂肉羊,以减少投入。

不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响

1材料与方法1.1青贮饲料的制作青贮饲料原料为刚收割的新鲜晚稻草、玉米秸杆和象草,都切短至3～5cm,五种稻草混合青贮料分别为A组:玉米秸杆+稻草(添加纤维素复合酶制剂);

不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验采用稻草分别与玉米秸杆、象草混合青贮,同时添加纤维素复合酶制剂和乳酸菌制剂,研究稻草的最佳青贮模式和五种不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响,结果:(1)采用玉米秸杆+稻草(添加纤维索复合酶制剂)混合青贮模式。

不同比例花生秸-象草青贮料对锦江黄牛饲粮养分表观消化率的影响

试验研究不同比例花生秸-象草青贮料对锦江黄牛饲粮养分表观消化率的影响,并使用套算法计算花生秸-象草青贮料的表观消化率。选用12头锦江黄牛母牛,随机分为3组。对照组饲喂精料(37.50%)+稻草(25.00%)+酒糟(37.50%)的基础饲粮,试验组分别添加18.75%和37.50%的花生秸-象草青贮料,用于替代基础饲粮中的酒糟。结果表明:添加18.75%和37.50%的花生秸-象草青贮料后,饲粮干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率分别下降3.91%、3.61%、15.44%、7.58%、9.86%和9.41%、10.89%、16.60%、15.74%、15.40%。在替代比例为18.75%和37.50%时,经套算法测定花生秸-象草青贮料的DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF表观消化率分别为59.62%、63.92%、40.88%、44.81%、38.95%和55.53%、56.24%、49.61%、41.15%、41.53%。

Experimental study of pavement performance of basalt fiber-modified asphalt mixture

To discuss the pavement performance of basalt fiber-modified asphalt mixtures,the optimum dosages of asphalt and fibers are studied by the Marshall test and the rutting test.The results demonstrate that the optimum dosages of asphalt and fibers are 4.63% and 0.3%,respectively.Then the pavement performances of basalt（polyester,xylogen）fiber-modified asphalt mixtures are investigated through high temperature stability tests,water stability tests and low temperature crack resistance tests.It indicates that the pavement performances of the fiber-modified asphalt mixtures such as rutting dynamic stability,freezing splitting tensile strength,low temperature crack resistance and so on are improved compared with control asphalt mixture.The results show that the pavement performances of asphalt mixtures can be improved by fiber-modifiers.Besides,the improvement effects of basalt fiber are superior to polyester fiber and xylogen fiber.

Laboratory evaluation of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures

The pavement performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures was investigated by the Marshall test, the indirect tensile test, the rutting test, the three-pointed bending test and the composite beam fatigue test. In comparison with the performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures, the performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures （SMA10） was also investigated. The rutting test and composite beam fatigue test results show that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures can improve permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. They also show lower temperature susceptibility and greater resistance to moisture damage compared to the SMA10. Findings from the research indicate that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixture provides an optional material for the pavement of long-span steel bridges in China due to profound performance and economic advantages.

Virtual rutting test of asphalt mixture using discrete element method

In order to investigate the permanent deformation behavior of asphalt mixtures from discontinuity, the virtual rutting test of asphalt mixtures is developed by the discrete element method （DEM）. A digital specimen generation procedure considering aggregate gradation and irregular shape is developed based on the probability theory and the Monte Carlo method. The virtual rutting test is then conducted based on the generated digital specimen. In addition, on the basis of the time-temperature superposition （TTS） principle, a calculation method is used to reduce the computation time of the virtual rutting test. The simulation results are compared with the laboratory measurements. The results show that the calculation method based on the TFS principle in the discrete element （DE） viscoelastic model can significantly reduce the computation time. The deformation law of asphalt mixtures in the virtual rutting test is similar to the laboratory measurements, and the deformation and the dynamic stability of the virtual rutting test are slightly greater than the laboratory measurements. The two-dimensional virtual rutting test can predict the permanent deformation performance of asphalt mixtures.

Axle-equivalent method of steel-deck pavement

An index system of steel deck pavement design is proposed according to the study and classification of failure types. Furthermore the axle-equivalent equation is presented according to the fatigue principle of pavement structures. Based on indoor experiments and theoretical analysis, this paper studies the stress characteristics of three different axle types which are corresponding with the other three typical pavement structures, and also presents the parameters of each axle＇s equivalent formula. The three axle types include single-axle single-wheel, single-axle double-wheel and double-axle double-wheel. According to analyses of influential factors such as climate, environment, traffic and stress condition, the developed axle equivalent formula and the parameters modified by the field test data can be applied in the design of a new bridge deck pavement and the assessment of an existing bridge deck pavement.

Study on viscoelastic performance of asphalt mixture based on CAM model

In order to study the viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt mixtures in the whole-frequency range, a dynamic shearing rheometer is used to carry out dynamic frequency sweeps for asphalt mixtures, which obtains the three-dimensional relationships among G^＊, temperature and frequency. Then the time-temperature shift principle is used to translate the relationships from three dimensions to two dimensions, so master curves are obtained regarding dynamic modules changing along with the frequency over 15 amount levels. The Christensen- Anderson-Marasteanu （CAM） model, a kind of the rheological model, is used to analyze and compare rheological performances of several asphalt mixtures based on the obtained master curves. The results indicate that the dynamic theological test is an effective method for obtaining the master curve. Besides, the CAM model can describe well the viscoelastic deformation characteristics of asphalt mixtures.

Relationship between repeated triaxial test and Hamburg wheel tracking test on asphalt mixtures

Both the repeated triaxial test （RTT） and the Hamburg wheel tracking test （HWTT） are adopted to evaluate the high temperature performance of the stone mastic asphalt （SMA） and the mastic asphalt （MA）. The correlation of the permanent deformations of the MA and the correlation of the deformation developments of the SMA between the two tests are analyzed, respectively. Results show that both the two tests can effectively identify the high temperature performance of mixtures, and the correlation between the final results of the two tests as well as that between the deformation developments of the two tests are excellent with R20.9. In order to further prove the correlation, viscoelastic parameters estimated from the RTT results is used to simulate the rutting development in the HWTT slabs by the finite element method （FEM）. Results indicate that the correlation between the two tests is significant with errors less than 10%. It is suitable to predict the rutting development with the viscoelastic parameters obtained from the RTT.

Evaluation of modification effect of epoxy resin based on performance of asphalt mixtures

Based on the analysis of the main failures discovered in pavement on steel deck plate and the demanding service condition of the pavement on steel deck, high-temperature rutting test, low-temperature bending test and controlled stress flexural fatigue test are used to study the performance of asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin including high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking-resistance, and fatigue cracking-resistance, which are served to evaluate the modification effect of epoxy resin of different contents. With the addition of epoxy resin, all the three performances are improved greatly. However, when the amount of epoxy resin added is over a certain value, the modification effect will be stable with no extra benefit detected. Finally, in terms of the properties of the three respects, 20%, 30%, 30% are given separately as the proposal adding contents.

Indirect tension test of epoxy asphalt mixtureusing microstructural finite-element model

A finite-element model of the thermosetting epoxy asphalt mixture（EAM） microstructure is developed to simulate the indirect tension test（IDT）.Image techniques are used to capture the EAM microstructure which is divided into two phases：aggregates and mastic.A viscoelastic constitutive relationship,which is obtained from the results of a creep test,is used to represent the mastic phase at intermittent temperatures.Model simulation results of the stiffness modulus in IDT compare favorably with experimental data.Different loading directions and velocities are employed in order to account for their influence on the modulus and the localized stress of the microstructure model.It is pointed out that the modulus is not consistent when the loading direction changes since the heterogeneous distribution of the mixture internal structure,and the loading velocity affects the localized stress as a result of the viscoelasticity of the mastic.The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the finite-element method,which can be extended to the numerical simulations of asphalt mixture micromechanical behavior.

Virtual fracture test of asphalt mixture based on discrete element method

In order to study fracture behaviors of asphalt mixtures, virtual tests of the two-dimensional（2D） microstructure based on the discrete element method（ DEM） are designed. The virtual structure of the 2D digital specimen of asphalt mixture is generated based on a particle generation program, in which the gradation and the irregular shapes of aggregates are considered. With the 2D digital specimens, a DEM-based mixture model is established and center-point beam fracture simulation tests are conducted by the DEM. Meanwhile, a series of calibration tests are carried out in laboratory to evaluate the DEM model and validate the methods of virtual fracture tests. The test results indicate that the fracture intensity of asphalt mixtures predicted by the DEM matches very well with the intensity obtained in laboratory. It is concluded that the microstructural virtual tests can be used as a supplemental tool to evaluate fracture properties of asphalt mixtures.