Elicitation on Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua Hairy Roots by the Oligosaccharide Extract from the Endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501

The oligosaccharide elicitor from the mycelial wall of an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501 promoted the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. hairy root culture. When hairy roots of 22-day-old cultures (later growth phase) were exposed to the elicitor (20 mg/L) for 4 d, the maximum content of artemisinin reached 1.15 mg/g, a 64.29% increment over the control. The electron X-ray microanalysis disclosed the rapid accumulation of Ca 2+ in the elicited cortical cells of hairy root. The electronic microscope observation revealed the high electron density area in vacuole of elicited cells. During the first day of elicitation the peroxidase activity of hairy roots was improved sharply. Some cellular morphological changes including cell shrinkage, condensation of cytoplasm and nuclear fragmentation, coincident with the appearance of DNA ladders, were observed after the third day of elicitation. It was suggested that the oligosaccharide elicitor triggered the programmed cell death, which may provide the substance or chemical signal for artemisinin biosynthesis.

致富门路

养殖“动物药材’前景好 从医药部门和外贸部门获悉:由于野生资源减少和出口、内销量增大,国内市场上对动物类药材的需求量,已出现货紧价扬的态势。因此,因地制宜养殖药用动物前景看好。

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of Pressure to the Hydrocracking Process of Goudron in the Presence of a Modificated Suspended Halloysite

The main results of hydrocracking of goudron under reduced pressure in the presence of a suspended catalyst have been analyzed. It was investigated the influence of pressure to hydrocracking process of goudron. It was determined that with increasing from 0.5 to 4.0 MPa, the yield of light oil products increased from 47% to 58% mass.

Exopolysaccharide Production by Four Cyanobacterial Isolates and Preliminary Identification of These Isolates

Four marine cyanobacterial isolates, named 104, 109, 113 and 115, from marine water off China’s coast can release a large amount of exopolysaccharide (EPS) to medium.The effects of different components in medium on EPS production by the four isolates were investigated. Under the optimal condition, the EPS released by isolates 104, 109, 113 and 115 reached 7.48 g L-1, 8.33 g L-1, 18.26 g L-1, and 6.78 g L-1 within 14 d, respectively. Based on the conventional identification methods for cyanobacteria, these isolates were assigned to genus Cyanothece.

“搞笑”:把观众心中的幽默因子引发出来

充满欢声笑语的游戏类综艺节目已在大江南北数百个电视台遍地开花。有人以为这是小菜一碟:“别拿搞笑吓唬人”。其实不然,真正快乐的电视氛围绝非是主持人讲些笑话、怪话甚至是“荤话”所能奏效,而是要把观众心中的幽默因子引发出来。常有这样的情形,现场观众刚从工作岗位走进演播室,怎么也笑不起来。原因是一般人的幽默感十分微弱。谋生的实际需求、沉重的生活本身,如上学校的智育训练,已经把人的幽默感挤压得所剩无几。“幽默是水做的”。台湾著名的游戏节目主持人蓝心湄说过:“荧屏上下一分钟的笑声是电视人几十倍甚至是上百倍时间的辛苦操练换来的。”

Characterizing the induction of diabetes in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys with different doses of streptozotocin

Juvenile （2-3 years old） cynomolgus monkeys are frequently used as recipients in non-human primate islet transplantation studies. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different doses of streptozotocin （STZ）, and find the optimal dose for inducing diabetes in these monkeys. Fifteen juvenile （2-3 years old） cynomolgus monkeys were separated into three groups and administered with different doses of STZ （100, 68 or 60 mg kg-l）. Basal and glucose-stimulated blood glucose, in- sulin, and C-peptide levels, as well as body weights were monitored. Hepatic and renal function tests and pancreatic immuno- histochemistry were performed before and after STZ treatment. Monkeys treated with both 100 and 68 mg kg-1 of STZ exhib- ited continuous hyperglycemia, which coincided with a nearly complete loss of islet 13-cells. Two monkeys received 60 mg kg-1 of STZ, but only one became completely diabetic. During the first week following STZ treatment, hepatic and renal func- tion slightly increased in these three groups. However. 24 hours post-STZ, serum total bile acid levels were significantly in- creased in monkeys treated with 100 mg kg-1 than those treated with 68 mg kg-I of STZ （P〈0.05）. These data suggest that 100 mg kg-1 and 68 mg kg-1 of STZ can safely induce diabetes in cynomolgus monkeys aged 2-3 years, but 68 mg kg-1 of STZ, rather than 100 mg kg-1 of STZ, may be more appropriate for inducing diabetes in these monkeys. Furthermore, body surface area, rather than body weight, was a more reliable determinant of dosage, where 700 mg m-2 of STZ should be the lower limit for inducing diabetes in juvenile monkeys.