AIM:To measure plasma ghrelin levels in children and adolescents, analyze the associated factors, and investigate the role of ghrelin in obesity, insulin resistance and reproductive physiology. METHODS:A total of 283 ...AIM:To measure plasma ghrelin levels in children and adolescents, analyze the associated factors, and investigate the role of ghrelin in obesity, insulin resistance and reproductive physiology. METHODS:A total of 283 subjects aged 4.8-15.8 year were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected and plasma ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), baseline testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance by homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function by homeostasis model (HOMA-β) were calculated. RESULTS:The median ghrelin level was 290 ng/L (15.0-1325.0 ng/L). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that ghrelin levels were inversely correlated with BMI, ALT, TG, UA, LH, FI and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.05). No other significant correlation was found between ghrelin levels and age, gender, TC, E2, FSH, PRL, FG and HOMA-β. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that only BMI and FI were independent determinants of plasma ghrelin levels in these children and adolescents (P = 0.018 and P = 0.046, respectively), which explained 25.4% of the variance. CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the lower ghrelin levels in obese subjects may be the result of obesity and hyperinsulinemia, which is very common in obese subjects. Moreover, ghrelin may regulate human reproductive physiology indirectly.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among asymptomatic Brazilian adolescents. METHODS： Transversal observational study included asymptomatic ado...AIM： To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among asymptomatic Brazilian adolescents. METHODS： Transversal observational study included asymptomatic adolescents with central obesity from private and public schools in Salvador-Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The children answered a questionnaire that in- cluded age, gender, race, and medical history, and were submitted to a complete physical exam and abdominal ultrasound. Biochemical exams included： ALT, AST, GGT, C reactive protein （CRP）, fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides. Criteria for NAFLD included： the presence of steatosis in ultrasound and/or high level of ALT, negative or occasional historic of intake of alcohol （4 140 g/wk）, negative investigation for hepatitis A, B, C, auto-immune hepatitis, Wilson disease and hemochro-matosis.RESULTS： From October, 2005 to October, 2006, the study included 1801 subjects between 11 and 18 years of age and a mean age of 13.7± 2.0 years. One hun- dred ninety-nine had central obesity. The prevalence of NAFLD was 2.3%, most of whom were male and white. Insulin resistance （IR） was observed in 22.9% of them and had positive correlations with ALT and GGT （P 〈 0.05）. Elevated CRP was observed in 6.9% of the cases; however, it was not associated with WC, IR or liver enzymes. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of NAFLD in Brazilian adolescents was low. The ethnicity may have influence this frequency in the population studied, which had a large proportion of African descendents.展开更多
Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sour...Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sources （oilseed meals）. Currently in the dam ＂El lnfiernillo＂ in Michoacan Mexico, has a large population of devil fish （Pterygoplichthys spp.）, which is an economic and ecological problem, because it is not consumed by humans and causes pollution to be discarded directly into the environment. For that reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of silage acid devil fish （SADF） in fattening beef cattle as a protein supplement. SADF is defined as a product semi-liquid or pasty mixed with formic acid, which leads to a decrease in pH to near 4.0. Used 18 young bulls （Bos taurus × Bos indicus） for 60 days with a starting weight of 278.9 ± 51.2 kg, housed in individual pens with food and water ad libitum were randomly assigned to three treatments with different levels of inclusion SADF （0%, 12% and 18%）. They were weighed to the beginning of the experiment and later every 30 days, previous fasting of 24 hours. To determine the food consumption, weigh every day the offered food and the surplus. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） among treatments with different levels of inclusion of SADF with respect to daily weight gain, with values of 952 ± 324, 927 ±322 and 854 ± 307 g/day, respectively. The dry matter intake （DMI） was 8.9, 9.3 and 7.7 kg/day to 0%, 12% and 18% of SADF, respectively. In the same values for feed conversion were 9.34, 10.03 and 9.01 kg DMI/kg of weigh live, and carcass yield of 60.6%, 60.3% and 58.5%, respectively. It is concluded that fish silage acid devil is an excellent alternative in feeding beef cattle as a protein supplement.展开更多
基金Supported in part by a Zhejiang Science and Technology (2005C24001) grantthe Zhejiang Health Bureau Fund (2006QN017)
文摘AIM:To measure plasma ghrelin levels in children and adolescents, analyze the associated factors, and investigate the role of ghrelin in obesity, insulin resistance and reproductive physiology. METHODS:A total of 283 subjects aged 4.8-15.8 year were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected and plasma ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), baseline testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance by homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function by homeostasis model (HOMA-β) were calculated. RESULTS:The median ghrelin level was 290 ng/L (15.0-1325.0 ng/L). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that ghrelin levels were inversely correlated with BMI, ALT, TG, UA, LH, FI and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.05). No other significant correlation was found between ghrelin levels and age, gender, TC, E2, FSH, PRL, FG and HOMA-β. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that only BMI and FI were independent determinants of plasma ghrelin levels in these children and adolescents (P = 0.018 and P = 0.046, respectively), which explained 25.4% of the variance. CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the lower ghrelin levels in obese subjects may be the result of obesity and hyperinsulinemia, which is very common in obese subjects. Moreover, ghrelin may regulate human reproductive physiology indirectly.
基金Supported by Fundao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia
文摘AIM： To evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among asymptomatic Brazilian adolescents. METHODS： Transversal observational study included asymptomatic adolescents with central obesity from private and public schools in Salvador-Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The children answered a questionnaire that in- cluded age, gender, race, and medical history, and were submitted to a complete physical exam and abdominal ultrasound. Biochemical exams included： ALT, AST, GGT, C reactive protein （CRP）, fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides. Criteria for NAFLD included： the presence of steatosis in ultrasound and/or high level of ALT, negative or occasional historic of intake of alcohol （4 140 g/wk）, negative investigation for hepatitis A, B, C, auto-immune hepatitis, Wilson disease and hemochro-matosis.RESULTS： From October, 2005 to October, 2006, the study included 1801 subjects between 11 and 18 years of age and a mean age of 13.7± 2.0 years. One hun- dred ninety-nine had central obesity. The prevalence of NAFLD was 2.3%, most of whom were male and white. Insulin resistance （IR） was observed in 22.9% of them and had positive correlations with ALT and GGT （P 〈 0.05）. Elevated CRP was observed in 6.9% of the cases; however, it was not associated with WC, IR or liver enzymes. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of NAFLD in Brazilian adolescents was low. The ethnicity may have influence this frequency in the population studied, which had a large proportion of African descendents.
文摘Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sources （oilseed meals）. Currently in the dam ＂El lnfiernillo＂ in Michoacan Mexico, has a large population of devil fish （Pterygoplichthys spp.）, which is an economic and ecological problem, because it is not consumed by humans and causes pollution to be discarded directly into the environment. For that reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of silage acid devil fish （SADF） in fattening beef cattle as a protein supplement. SADF is defined as a product semi-liquid or pasty mixed with formic acid, which leads to a decrease in pH to near 4.0. Used 18 young bulls （Bos taurus × Bos indicus） for 60 days with a starting weight of 278.9 ± 51.2 kg, housed in individual pens with food and water ad libitum were randomly assigned to three treatments with different levels of inclusion SADF （0%, 12% and 18%）. They were weighed to the beginning of the experiment and later every 30 days, previous fasting of 24 hours. To determine the food consumption, weigh every day the offered food and the surplus. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） among treatments with different levels of inclusion of SADF with respect to daily weight gain, with values of 952 ± 324, 927 ±322 and 854 ± 307 g/day, respectively. The dry matter intake （DMI） was 8.9, 9.3 and 7.7 kg/day to 0%, 12% and 18% of SADF, respectively. In the same values for feed conversion were 9.34, 10.03 and 9.01 kg DMI/kg of weigh live, and carcass yield of 60.6%, 60.3% and 58.5%, respectively. It is concluded that fish silage acid devil is an excellent alternative in feeding beef cattle as a protein supplement.
