To build a rapid and accurate method for greenhouse vegetable landinformation extraction using an index model derived from TM digital data of Qingzhou City, ShandongProvince, based on a systematic analysis of the spec...To build a rapid and accurate method for greenhouse vegetable landinformation extraction using an index model derived from TM digital data of Qingzhou City, ShandongProvince, based on a systematic analysis of the spectral characteristics of different land use typesin the study area, a subset of the image was first made to eliminate the mountainous region notassociated with vegetable distribution, and then water body pixels were masked. With this the V_Iindex model for greenhouse vegetable land extraction was developed. The index model indicatedgreenhouse vegetable land for Qingzhou in April 2002 was concentrated in the southeast and aroundrural residential areas. Field data used for an accuracy evaluation showed that greenhouse hectaresdetermined with remote sensing were 95.9% accurate, and accuracy for the spatial distribution ofgreenhouse vegetable land cross checked with a random sample was 96.3%. Therefore, this approachprovided an effective method for greenhouse vegetable land information extraction and has potentialsignificance for management of greenhouse vegetable production in the study area, as well as NorthChina.展开更多
以青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)为试材,通过田间试验研究等养分条件下,以猪粪为原料的商品有机肥与化肥配施对青菜产量、可食部重金属含量以及土壤-青菜体系重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)收支平衡状况的影响。试验设置化肥(CK)、低量有机肥配...以青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)为试材,通过田间试验研究等养分条件下,以猪粪为原料的商品有机肥与化肥配施对青菜产量、可食部重金属含量以及土壤-青菜体系重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)收支平衡状况的影响。试验设置化肥(CK)、低量有机肥配施化肥(LOM,有机肥施用量2250 kg hm-2)、中量有机肥配施化肥(MOM,有机肥施用量4500 kg hm-2)、高量有机肥配施化肥(HOM,有机肥施用量6750 kg hm-2)4个处理。结果表明,不同比例畜禽商品有机肥配施化肥对青菜的产量没有显著的影响。过磷酸钙和有机肥是土壤-青菜体系重金属输入的主要来源,从收支平衡来看,所有处理的Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的输入量均大于输出量,表现为盈余,盈余量随有机肥施用比例的增加而增加;4个处理青菜可食部的Cd、Pb含量均低于国家的食品限量指标。说明适量畜禽商品有机肥配施化肥可取得与单施化肥相当的产量,同时也不会造成青菜Cd和Pb的超标,可视为废弃物资源化利用的途径之一,但长期施用会给农产品带来一定的重金属安全风险。展开更多
Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test ...Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test crops were maize, Nakati （Solanum aethiopicum）, kale, spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, egg plants. Urine-water mixtures （0, 10%, 20%, 30% urine） were applied weekly or bi-weekly. At Kyanja, 30% urine weekly gave the highest maize yields. Within 2 months, 10% urine weekly increased Nakati yield from 5,444 to 24,667 kg ha^-1. 20% Urine weekly increased kale yield （7,556 to 16,111 kg ha^-1） and spinach （4,222 to 19,022 kg ha^-1）. At Migyera, 10% urine weekly increased cabbage yield （4,975 to 16,113 kg ha^-1） but 30% urine weekly decreased cabbage head-weight by 36%. Weekly applied urine produced heavier cabbage heads than bi-weekly （548 g vs. 427 g, P 〈 0.05）. LeafN was higher for weekly than bi-weekly applied urine （3.3% vs. 3.0%）, implying more protein in the former than the latter. From this study, the following guidelines are proposed： Kyanja area, maize： apply 30% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Nakati： apply 10% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Kale and spinach： apply 20% urine weekly; For Migyera area, cabbage and spinach： apply 10% urine weekly. Apply urine 15 cm around each plant starting 2-weeks after transplanting. So kale and spinach prolong urine application for continued harvesting.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education (No. [2002] 247).
文摘To build a rapid and accurate method for greenhouse vegetable landinformation extraction using an index model derived from TM digital data of Qingzhou City, ShandongProvince, based on a systematic analysis of the spectral characteristics of different land use typesin the study area, a subset of the image was first made to eliminate the mountainous region notassociated with vegetable distribution, and then water body pixels were masked. With this the V_Iindex model for greenhouse vegetable land extraction was developed. The index model indicatedgreenhouse vegetable land for Qingzhou in April 2002 was concentrated in the southeast and aroundrural residential areas. Field data used for an accuracy evaluation showed that greenhouse hectaresdetermined with remote sensing were 95.9% accurate, and accuracy for the spatial distribution ofgreenhouse vegetable land cross checked with a random sample was 96.3%. Therefore, this approachprovided an effective method for greenhouse vegetable land information extraction and has potentialsignificance for management of greenhouse vegetable production in the study area, as well as NorthChina.
文摘以青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)为试材,通过田间试验研究等养分条件下,以猪粪为原料的商品有机肥与化肥配施对青菜产量、可食部重金属含量以及土壤-青菜体系重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)收支平衡状况的影响。试验设置化肥(CK)、低量有机肥配施化肥(LOM,有机肥施用量2250 kg hm-2)、中量有机肥配施化肥(MOM,有机肥施用量4500 kg hm-2)、高量有机肥配施化肥(HOM,有机肥施用量6750 kg hm-2)4个处理。结果表明,不同比例畜禽商品有机肥配施化肥对青菜的产量没有显著的影响。过磷酸钙和有机肥是土壤-青菜体系重金属输入的主要来源,从收支平衡来看,所有处理的Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的输入量均大于输出量,表现为盈余,盈余量随有机肥施用比例的增加而增加;4个处理青菜可食部的Cd、Pb含量均低于国家的食品限量指标。说明适量畜禽商品有机肥配施化肥可取得与单施化肥相当的产量,同时也不会造成青菜Cd和Pb的超标,可视为废弃物资源化利用的途径之一,但长期施用会给农产品带来一定的重金属安全风险。
文摘Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test crops were maize, Nakati （Solanum aethiopicum）, kale, spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, egg plants. Urine-water mixtures （0, 10%, 20%, 30% urine） were applied weekly or bi-weekly. At Kyanja, 30% urine weekly gave the highest maize yields. Within 2 months, 10% urine weekly increased Nakati yield from 5,444 to 24,667 kg ha^-1. 20% Urine weekly increased kale yield （7,556 to 16,111 kg ha^-1） and spinach （4,222 to 19,022 kg ha^-1）. At Migyera, 10% urine weekly increased cabbage yield （4,975 to 16,113 kg ha^-1） but 30% urine weekly decreased cabbage head-weight by 36%. Weekly applied urine produced heavier cabbage heads than bi-weekly （548 g vs. 427 g, P 〈 0.05）. LeafN was higher for weekly than bi-weekly applied urine （3.3% vs. 3.0%）, implying more protein in the former than the latter. From this study, the following guidelines are proposed： Kyanja area, maize： apply 30% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Nakati： apply 10% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Kale and spinach： apply 20% urine weekly; For Migyera area, cabbage and spinach： apply 10% urine weekly. Apply urine 15 cm around each plant starting 2-weeks after transplanting. So kale and spinach prolong urine application for continued harvesting.
