级配碎石动态CBR试验研究

针对不同级配类型进行静态和动态CBR试验,得出级配碎石结构类型对CBR的影响:在悬浮密实型、骨架密实型和骨架空隙型3种类型中,骨架密实型的CBR值最大,力学性能最优。主要对动态CBR进行研究,气动伺服系统的运用更加具有说服力。动态CBR通过应变的变化率反应级配碎石的力学性能,变化率越小,性能越好。通过动态CBR试验数据的进一步处理,得出级配碎石的蠕变模量,能更有效地说明不同级配类型对级配碎石强度特性的影响。

超视距空战下的态势评估技术研究

态势评估技术是智能战术辅助决策系统的关键技术之一,针对现代超视距空战的特点,提出了一种新的超视距空战下的态势评估算法。通过研究典型的空战态势情形,总结得出超视距空战下对态势起决定性作用的各个因素,结合空战案例分析构造各个因素的优势函数,最后加权综合得到双方的优势指数,在此基础上采用模糊论域划分并加以组合的方法得到双方态势。通过大量的数字仿真,并与现有算法对比验证了该评估算法的有效性。

MDYB-3有机玻璃在不同应变率下的一维屈服行为

对MDYB-3有机玻璃进行了多组不同应变率（10-3~3 000s-1）下的压缩实验,得到准静态下的屈服应力与动态下的峰值应力。沿其增强与面内2个方向进行准静态压缩实验,以分析定向拉伸对屈服应力的影响,修正了Ree-Eyring模型与Cooperative模型以描述定向有机玻璃的屈服行为。采用Johnson-Cook模型描述屈服后的黏塑性行为。结果表明Cooperative屈服模型比Ree-Eyring屈服模型更接近实验结果,且能准确描述准静态屈服应力。动态压缩下的峰值应力为失效应力,说明试样在1 500s-1以上应变率下未达到屈服应力时已经发生破坏。Johnson-Cook模型对于单条曲线拟合良好,但无法准确描述材料的应变率相关性。

Dynamic characteristics of coal specimens with varying static preloading levels under low-frequency disturbance load

The mechanical properties of residual coal pillars under the influence of upward mining disturbances significantly affect the safety of residual mining activities on working faces.This study conducted low-frequency disturbance dynamic uniaxial compression tests on coal specimens using a self-developed dynamic-static load coupling electro-hydraulic servo system,and studied the strength evolutions,surface deformations,acoustic emission(AE)characteristic parameters,and the failure modes of coal specimens with different static preloading levels were studied.The disturbance damage is positively correlated with the coal specimen static preload level.Specifically,the cumulative AE count rates of the initial accelerated damage stage for the coal specimens with static preloading level of 60%and 70%of the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)were 2.66 and 3.19 times that of the 50%UCS specimens,respectively.Macroscopically,this behaviour manifested as a decrease in the compressive strength,and the mean strengths of the disturbance-damaged coal specimens with 60%and 70%of UCS static preloading decreased by 8.53%and 9.32%,respectively,compared to those of the specimens under pure static loading.The crack sources,such as the primary fissures,strongly control the dynamic response of the coal specimen.The difference between the dynamic responses of the coal specimens and that of dense rocks is significant.

新探语境研究的几个特点

各家学者都意识到语境的重要性并加以研究,其分类丰富多样.通过研究语境发展的历史,笔者发现,语境研究具有言内转向言外,静态转向动态,客观转向主观,一元转向多元等特点,对于语境的探索也将持续下去.

Separation of macro amounts of tungsten and molybdenum by ion exchange with D309 resin

Based on the difference in tendency to polymerize between tungsten and molybdenum, a new method using D309 resin was propounded. The batch tests indicate that the optimum pH value and contact time for the separation are 7.0 and 4 h respectively, the maxium separation factor of W and Mo is 9.29. And the experimental resules show that isothermal absorbing tungsten and molybdenum belongs to Langmuir model and Freundlich model respectively, and the absorbing kinetics for tungsten is controlled by intra-particle diffusion. With a solution containing 70 g/L WO3 and 28.97 g/L Mo, the effluent with a mass ratio of Mo to WO3 of 76 and the eluate with a mass ratio of WO3 to Mo of 53.33 are obtained after column test.

Static and dynamic mechanical behaviour of ECO-RPC

Ecological reactive powder concrete (ECO-RPC) with small sized and differentvolume fraction steel fibers was prepared by substitution of ultra-fine industrial waste powder for50% to 60% cement by weight and replacement of ground fine quartz sand with natural fine aggregate.The effect of steel fiber volume fraction and curing ages on the static mechanical behaviour ofECO-RPC was studied. Using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique, the dynamic mechanicalbehaviour of ECO-RPC was investigated under different strain rates. The results show that the staticmechanical behaviour of ECO-RPC increases with the increase of steel fiber volume fraction andcuring ages. The type of ECO-RPC with the substitution of 25% ultra-fine slag, 25% ultra-fine flyash and 10% silica fume is better than the others with compressive strength, flexural strength, andfracture energy more than 200 MPa, 60 MPa and 30 kJ/m^2, respectively. ECO-RPC has excellent strainrate stiffening effects under dynamic load. Its peak stress, peak strain and the area understrain-stress curve increase with the increase of strain rate. Its fracture pattern changes frombrittleness to toughness under high strain rates.

Research on measuring time constant of NANMAC thermocouple

The theory for measuring the time constant of thermocouple was introduced, and the method for measuring the time constant of NANMAC thermocouple by using dynamic calibration system of transient surface temperature sensor was proposed. In this system, static and dynamic calibrations were conducted for infrared detectors and thermocouples, and then both temperature-time curves were obtained. Since the frequency response of infrared detector is superior to that of calibrat- ed thermocouple, the values measured by infrared detectors are taken as true values. Through dividing the values measured with thermocouples by those with infrared detectors, a normalized curve was obtained, based on which the time constant of thermocouple was measured. With this method, the experiments were carried out with NANMAC thermocouple to obtain its time constant. The results show that the method for measuring the time constant is feasible and the dynamic calibration of thermocouples can be achieved at microsecond and millisecond level. This research has a certain reference value for research and application of NANMAC thermocouple temperature sensor.

Static and dynamic collaborative optimization of ship hull structure

The goal of this effort was to provide a static and dynamic collaborative optimization （CO） model for the design of ship hull structure. The CO model integrated with static, mode and dynamic analyses. In the system-level optimization model, a new objective function was advised, integrating all the subsystem-levels＇ objective functions, so as to eliminate the effects of dimensions and magnitude order. The proposed CO architecture enabled multi-objectives of the system and subsystem-level to be considered at both levels during optimization. A bi-level optimization strategy was advised, using the multi-island genetic algorithm. The proposed model was demonstrated with a deck optimization problem of container ship stern. The analysis progress and results of example show that the CO strategy is not only feasible and reliable, but also well suited for use in actual optimization problems of ship design.

应用安全与内容安全综述

本文将介绍近年来学术和产业界比较关注的两大安全范畴:应用安全和内容安全。首先介绍了两类安全的定义及其主要的危害性,然后分析了当前各自的防范与解决方法和技术,最后,列出一些未来的安全发展趋势。

Effect of hot deformation conditions on grain structure and properties of 7085 aluminum alloy

The influences of deformation conditions on grain structure and properties of 7085 aluminum alloy were investigated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in combination with tensile and fracture toughness tests. The results show that the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization increased with the decrease of Zener-Hollomon （Z） parameter, and the volume fraction of static recrystallization increased with the increasing of Z parameter. The strength and fracture toughness of the alloy after solution and aging treatment first increased and then decreased with the increase of Z parameter. The microstructure map was established on the basis of microstructure evolution during deformation and solution heat treatment. The optimization deformation conditions were acquired under Z parameters of 1.2×10^10-9.1×10^12.

Computer Aided Analysis of the Performances of a Tilting Pad Gas Journal Bearing

Tilting pad gas journal bearing is one of the most widely used types of aerodynamic bearings due to its inherent excellent stability in high speed applications.A practical method for analyzing and calculating the per- formances of such bearings is presented as well as its rotordynamics based on the computer aided technique.The method of calculation and the philosophy of programming with a microcomputer for the computer aided analysis are highlighted.

Quasi-static and dynamic tensile behaviors in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The quasi-static and dynamic tensile behaviors in electron beam welded（EBW） Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated at strain rates of 10-3 and 103 s-1,respectively,by materials test system（MTS） and reconstructive Hopkinson bars apparatus.The microstructures of the base metal（BM） and the welded metal（WM） were observed with optical microscope.The fracture characteristics of the BM and WM were characterized with scanning electronic microscope.In Ti-6Al-4V alloy joint,the flow stress of WM is higher than that of BM,while the fracture strain of WM is less than that of BM at strain rates of 103 and 10-3 s-1,respectively.The fracture strain of WM has apparent improvement when the strain rate rises from 10-3 to 103 s-1,while the fracture strain of BM almost has no change.At the same time,the fracture mode of WM alters from brittle to ductile fracture,which causes improvement of the fracture strain of WM.

轮毂轴承单元内圈蠕动特性的试验研究

目前,在驱动型轮毂轴承单元的实际应用工况中,存在内圈与法兰轴之间相对蠕动频发的问题,而内圈防蠕动设计缺少有针对性的理论研究,为此,对内圈抗蠕动的设计进行了试验研究。首先,采用受力分解方式和有限元软件,分析了内圈与法兰轴的周边配合条件与影响因素;然后,基于轴力试验、定制的过盈量和锁紧力,开展了内圈与法兰轴之间静态与动态的双重蠕动试验,并分析了端面的摩擦系数;最后,通过内圈静态和动态蠕动试验,得到了内圈与法兰轴之间过盈量、轮毂轴承锁紧轴力对蠕动的影响规律。研究结果表明:对轮毂轴承内圈与法兰轴之间采用0.045 mm~0.060 mm的过盈量设计,以及轴力不低于100 kN的锁紧,能够使得驱动型轮毂轴承具有优异的抗蠕动能力,满足乘用车0.7 g工况载荷条件下不发生蠕动的要求。

英语表量结构中的隐喻构建机制探究

文章以表量结构a+N1+of+N2中名量之间的隐喻相似性为基础,借用映射关系图示,考察英语表量结构中隐喻组合的构建机制。首先,基于施喻者认知加工的程度深浅,隐喻相似性分为两大类:客观相似性和心理相似性。其次,英语表量结构的隐喻式组合还蕴含动态与静态意象模式的区分,它影响了隐喻的建构方式--直接隐喻与间接隐喻。

Translation of the contrastive scenes and implication in River snow

This paper makes a brief analysis of the scenes and implication of the famous Ancient Chinese poem River snow. It makes a comparison and contrast of the five typical English versions from the perspective of the translation of its static and dynamic states. The paper also discusses the meaning of “du diao han jiang xue”, and how to better translate the key word “diao”.

A New Measurement System for Static and Dynamic Clothing Pressure

This study aims to develop a system and measurement method for investigating the static and dynamic pressure behavior of compression products. The self-designed measurement system, named "cloth-press" (LLY-56B), is a direct measurement method, which is based on a rigid hemisphere with three pressure sensors distributed on its surface. The static pressure is measured at predetermined press depth, and the dynamic pressure is measured under the processing of fabric 3D deformation. The pressure distributions at the basic three sites are accepted as the measurement results. The measurement results provide much information in the field of compression fabric assessment, and the measurement system can be used in scientific research institutes and factories, contributing to optimize process parameters and quality control of compression garment.

Testing Studies on Rock Failure Modes of Statically Loads Under Dynamic Loading

By means of the improved split Hopkionson pressure bar(SHPB) with axial pre-pressure and confined pressure, two series of experiments on sandstone are carried out to research the failure mode of rock during the course of exploitation of resources in deep. One is under the conditions that the con-fining pressure is fixed and the axial pressure is changeable. The other is under the conditions that the confining pressure becomes and the axial pressure is fixed. It is found that samples break up evenly after impacting when axial static pressures are low, there is great disparity in size of fragments when axial static pressures are high, and the main bodies of samples after the tests under the combination of dy-namic and static loads frequently show the type of V or X. The samples are more close-grained at the elastic stage and impacts make many cracks be generated and developed, as makes samples more crackable. At the initial phase of damage stage, the static pressures make some cracks in the samples which are undeveloped and the impacts′ role is similar to that at the elastic stage. At the metaphase or anaphase of damage stage, these cracks in the samples develop adequately and the impacts mainly accelerate samples′ failure. The main bodies of samples show the type of V or X after impacting due to the confining pressures′ restraining samples′ lateral formation at the elastic stage or the initial phase of damage stage, the main bodies of samples have almost formed at the stage loading static pressures and the results after impacting usually are similar to those under the axial pressures tests.

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading were studied. The effects of initial static load on the total energy dissipated during the failure process of specimen were analyzed. To simulate the engineering situation that in-situ rock experienced and obtain the dynamic loading with an intermediate strain rate, a low cycle fatigue load with the frequency from 0.5 to 5 Hz was adopted by servo-controlled Instron material testing system. The results show that the obtained strain rate increase with the increase of load frequency. The initial static load has great influence on both the energy and dynamic response of rock. Both the energy and the maximum failure load P_f decreases with the increase of initial static load. P_f under the static-dynamic loading is larger than that under only the static loading but less than that under only the dynamic loading. The load-displacement curves become nonlinear as the pre-added static load reaches the transition point which is about one third of static strength. With the increase of initial static load, Young’s modulus decreases and poisson ratio increases. It shows that rock has a lower strength and a tendency to soften under a higher initial static load. Rock may be broken more easily static-dynamic loading than under only the dynamic loading. The proposed method is useful in the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock under quasi-dynamic loading.

Effect of static transmission error on dynamic responses of spiral bevel gears

The effect of static transmission error on nonlinear dynamic response of the spiral bevel gear system combining with time-varying stiffness and backlash was investigated.Firstly,two different control equations of the spiral bevel gear model were adopted,where the static transmission error was expressed in two patterns as predesigned parabolic function and sine function of transmission errors.The dynamic response,bifurcation map,time domain response,phase curve and Poincare map were obtained by applying the explicit Runge-Kutta integration routine with variable-step.A comparative study was carried out and some profound phenomena were detected.The results show that there are many different kinds of tooth rattling phenomena at low speed.With the increase of speed,the system enters into stable motion without any rattling in the region(0.72,1.64),which indicates that the system with predesigned parabolic function of transmission error has preferable capability at high speed.