用两种新型的连续性肾脏替代疗法进行血液透析治疗的效果对比

目的:比较用连续性静-静脉血液透析滤过法(CVVHDF)与连续性高容量血液滤过法(HVHF)进行血液透析治疗的临床效果。方法:对2014年2月至2016年8月期间在齐齐哈尔医学院附属第五医院大庆龙南医院长期接受血液透析治疗的50例患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。随机将这50例患者分为CVVHDF组和HVHF组,每组各有25例患者。对CVVHDF组使用CVVHDF进行治疗,对HVHF组患者使用HVHF进行治疗,然后比较两组患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-M)、磷、叶酸、胱抑素C、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)的清除率。结果:与CVVHDF组患者相比,HVHF组患者β2-M、磷、叶酸、胱抑素C、Cr和BUN的清除率均更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与用CVVHDF对患者进行血液透析治疗相比,用HVHF对其进行血液透析治疗的效果更好,能有效地清除其血液中的β2-M、磷、叶酸、胱抑素C、Cr和BUN等溶质。

Static and dynamic collaborative optimization of ship hull structure

The goal of this effort was to provide a static and dynamic collaborative optimization （CO） model for the design of ship hull structure. The CO model integrated with static, mode and dynamic analyses. In the system-level optimization model, a new objective function was advised, integrating all the subsystem-levels＇ objective functions, so as to eliminate the effects of dimensions and magnitude order. The proposed CO architecture enabled multi-objectives of the system and subsystem-level to be considered at both levels during optimization. A bi-level optimization strategy was advised, using the multi-island genetic algorithm. The proposed model was demonstrated with a deck optimization problem of container ship stern. The analysis progress and results of example show that the CO strategy is not only feasible and reliable, but also well suited for use in actual optimization problems of ship design.

Design of Stubble-breaking Ditching Colter Based on SolidWorks and Its Strength Analysis

Stubble-breaking device is a key working part of no-tillage seeder in stub land,and directly affects planting quality of seeder.Based on the current domestic used stubble-breaking device,a new kind of stubble-breaking ditching colter was designed.To study its strength property and reduce trouble in work,the three-dimensional model of stubble-breaking ditching colter was established based on SolidWorks.By using Cosmos,it was carried out the finite element analysis.The distortion and stress of stubble-breaking ditching colter in work were obtained,and the weak link of strength was found.The result showed that the maximum stress of stubble-breaking ditching colter was 5.862×108 N/m2,and the maximum twisted displacement was 2.648 mm.The stubble-breaking ditching colter was carried out improved design.Based on Cosmos,the static analysis was carried out.It showed that the strength and rigidity of improved stubble-breaking ditching colter were obviously improved.The research provided reference basis for optimal design of the stubble-breaking ditching colter.

Improvement of Pseudo-static Method for Slope Stability Analysis

traditional In this paper, two drawbacks pseudo-static method （vertical of the slice method） in the slope stability evaluation have been studied. First, the sliding mass is divided into vertical slices according to this method, which is irrational to some extent in the seismic design of slope. Second, only peak ground acceleration （PGA） is considered, and the effects of shaking frequency and duration on slope stability are neglected. And then, based on the theory of elastic wave and the summarized geological model, this paper put forwards an improved method of pseudo-method by using the theory of elastic wave and Hilbert-Huang transform. The improved pseudostatic method gives reasonable considerations to the time-frequency effects of seismic wave and its rationality has been verified by the shaking table test. This method can evaluate the safety of a slope, the happening time and the scale of landslides. At the same time, this method also can improve the high accuracy of the evaluation of the safety of the slope.

Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy:A meta-analysis

AIM:To integrate results from different studies in examining the effectiveness of music in reducing the procedure time and the amount of sedation used during colonoscopic procedure. METHODS: An electronic search in various databases was performed to identify related articles. Study quality was evaluated by the Jadad’s scale. The random effect model was used to pool the effect from individual trials and the Cohen Q-statistic was used to determine heterogeneity. Egger’s regression was used to detect publication bias. RESULTS: Eight studies with 722 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined mean difference for the time taken for the colonoscopy procedure between the music and control groups was -2.84 with 95% CI (-5.61 to -0.08), implying a short time for the music group. The combined mean difference for the use of sedation was -0.46 with 95%CI (-0.91 to -0.01), showing a significant reduction in the use of sedation in the music group. Heterogeneity was observed in both analyses but no publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective in reducing procedure time and amount of sedation during colonoscopy and should be promoted.

Nutcracker syndrome

The nutcracker phenomenon [left renal vein(LRV) entrapment syndrome] refers to compression of the LRV most commonly between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.Term of nutcracker syndrome(NCS) is used for patients with clinical symptoms associated with nutcracker anatomy.LRV entrapment divided into 2 types:anterior and posterior.Posterior and right-sided NCSs are rare conditions.The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion.Symptoms include hematuria,orthostatic proteinuria,flank pain,abdominal pain,varicocele,dyspareunia,dysmenorrhea,fatigue and orthostatic intolerance.Existence of the clinical features constitutes a basis for the diagnosis.Several imaging methods such as Doppler ultrasonography,computed tomography angiography,magnetic resonance angiography and retrograde venography are used to diagnose NCS.The management of NCS depends upon the clinical presentation and the severity of the LRV hypertension.The treatment options are ranged from surveillance to nephrectomy.Treatment decision should be based on the severity of symptoms and their expected reversibility with regard to patient's age and the stage of the syndrome.

Innocuous-looking skin scab over an arteriovenous fistula: Case report and literature review

Little is written on the management of an innocuouslooking skin scab over an autogenous arteriovenous fistula(AVF)used for haemodialysis.The seriousness of the underlying pathology can be under-estimated,and this may lead to early loss of the AVF,and majorlife-threatening haemorrhage.We describe the management of a 78-year-old patient presenting with an innocuous-looking scab over an AVF and review the pertinent literature on this subject.

Orthotopic heart transplantation with prolonged donor ischemic time:report of 3 cases and literature review

Heart transplantation has become an effective therapy for patients with end stage heart failure. The preservation of the donor heart is an important factor that affects the results of the operation. We performed 3 cases of orthotopic heart transplantation and obtained some experience in the preservation of the donor heart. Methods： Three male patients with end stage heart failure received the operation in our department successfully. Doppler echocardiography showed left ventrieular end diameter （LVED） of the patients were 91, 87, and 83 mm, and ejection fraction （EF） were 24%, 20%, 12.9%, respectively. Once the declaration of brain death had been made, the median stemotomy was performed with a sternal saw. Haparin at a dose of 300 U/kg of body weight was administered. After at least 2-min heparin circulation, the procurement proceeded. The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava were nearly completely divided. When the heart was empty, the ascending aorta was cross-clamped and the St. Thomas solution was infused by gravity. The heart was excised by transection of the inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava and all pulmonary veins. After donor heart was removed, it was infused with University of Wisconsin （UW） solution by gravity at a temperature of 4-6℃, then placed in UW solution for storage during transportation. The temperature of solution was maintained at about 4-6℃. The ischemic times of donor heart were 9, 8 and 6 h, respectively. The bicaval anastomotic heart transplantation was adopted. The left atrial anastomoses were constructed using 3.0 polypropylene. The inferior vene cava anastomosis was constructed, the donor and native aorta were cut to an appropriate length. Then the aorta and main pulmonary artery anastomosis were performed respectively. The superior vene cava anastomosis was usually constructed during the rewarming phase. The intraoperative course with a cardiopulmonary bypass of the 3 patients was 96, 44 and 49 min, respectively. Standard triple immunosuppression therapy was commenced in the immediate post-operative period. Results： The operation procedure was smooth and no perioperative death occurred. The follow-up was carried out carefully. The patient＇s condition was fine in 25, 30 and 32 months after operation. The blood pressure was 130/90, 140/95 and 120/80 mmHg, respectively, and LVED was 51, 49 and 53 mm; EF was 50%, 54% and 60%, respectively. Cardiothoracic ratio was 0.63, 0.55, and 0.64, respectively. Conclusion： Preservation time of donor heart with St. Thomas solution infusion and UW solution storage at 0-4℃ may exceed 6 h, and receive comparable middle-term outcomes.

Static Analysis of Buried Pipes Using Coupling between Layerwise Finite Element and Boundary Element Method

This work deals with the analysis of soil-structure interaction modeling of pipeline problems in static behavior using the coupling between FEM （finite element method） and BEM （boundary element method）. The representation of the pipe is made by MEF using one fmite element in the cylindrical panel formulated from the theory of equivalent discrete layers （Layerwise theory）, proposed by J. N. Reddy. The soil is represented by elastic continum infimite or semi-infinite and modeled using boundary elements with special curved surface, associated with cylindrical panel used to represent the soil-structure interaction within the soil, especially at the contact surface with the pipe.

Adsorption behavior of molybdenum onto D314 ion exchange resin

The adsorption behavior of molybdenum onto D314 was studied with the static adsorption method. The adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. The experimental results show that the equilibrium adsorption data conform satisfactorily to the Langmuir equation. In the adsorption process of D314 for molybdenum, the enthalpy change ΔH is positive when temperature is in the range of 298-338 K, which indicates that the adsorption is an endothermic process, and the elevated temperature benefits to the adsorption. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion and chemical diffusion at the same time. The adsorption mechanism of molybdenum onto D314 was discussed based on IR spectra.

A method for static aeroelastic analysis based on the high-order panel method and modal method

A method for static aeroelastic analysis based on the high-order panel method and modal method is presented. The static aeroelastic characteristics of flexible wings are investigated using this method. Three-dimensional aerodynamic models of flexible wings are constructed based on the geometry of wing configuration, and the modal method is adopted to achieve the fluid-structure coupling. The static aeroelastic characteristics of the AGARD445.6 wing and a low-aspect-ratio wing are investigated in this study. The influences of elastic structural deformation on aerodynamic forces are studied with an emphasis analyzing the aerodynamic coefficients, wing root loads, structural deformation and pressure distribution of different sections, and results are compared with the results from wind-tunnel tests and the elastic results based on experimental aerodynamic forces. It is concluded that aerodynamic forces can be accurately calculated with the high-order panel method. The method presented in this study is feasible, credible and efficient. Comprehensive static aeroelastic characteristics can be provided by the method for early phases of aircraft design.