求解予裂试件实时裂纹长度的一种新的直接法

本文提出的估算予裂试件实时裂纹长度的直接法，只需单试件的Ｐ－Ｖ记录和对应静裂纹试件塑性位移有限元解，这就避免了在规则化方法中由于几何函数不确定性对计算实时裂纹长度的影响。这一新的直接法的基础是推广的Ｇａｒｗｏｏｄ—Ｅｒｎｓｔ假设，即予裂试件与对应静裂纹试件在载荷、位移分别相等时其实时裂纹长度也相等。本文用实验验证这一假设，并在此基础上提出推论：这两类试件在Ｐ、Ｖ（和α）分别相等时其弹性和塑性位移分量也分别相等。按照这一推论可对予裂试件实时裂纹长度进行估算。文中的五个算例表明，这一直接法与卸载柔度法符合较好。

The asymptotic field of mode Ⅰ quasi-static crack growth on the interface between a rigid and a pressure-sensitive material

A mechanical model of the quasi-static interface of a mode I crack between a rigid and a pressure-sensitive viscoelastic material was established to investigate the mechanical characteristic of ship-building engineering hi-materials. In the stable growth stage, stress and strain have the same singularity, ie （σ, ε） ∝ r^-1/（n-1）. The variable-separable asymptotic solutions of stress and strain at the crack tip were obtained by adopting Airy＇s stress function and the numerical results of stress and strain in the crack-tip field were obtained by the shooting method. The results showed that the near-tip fields are mainly governed by the power-hardening exponent n and the Poisson ratio v of the pressure-sensitive material. The fracture criterion of mode I quasi-static crack growth in pressure-sensitive materials, according to the asymptotic analyses of the crack-tip field, can be viewed from the perspective of strain.

Finite Element Analysis on Plane Stress Crack Growth in a Power-Law Hardening Material

Aim To determine numerically the field characteristics in the vied at the tip of a place crack growing steadily in a power-law hardening material. Meteods. Methods on the Euler mode and small-scale yield assumption, the numerical results were given by nonlinear finite element analysis. Results The numerical results of the shape of the active plastic sone, the angular distribution of stresseses and Clack tip opening displacement (CTOD) in the vicinity at the hp of the steadily groWing CraCk are determined. Conclusion The comparison between the numerical results given by the present wort and those given by analytic asymptotic analysis shows that the present work reached a very high accuracy.

Mechanical properties and failure behavior of rock with different flaw inclinations under coupled static and dynamic loads

The deep fissured rock mass is affected by coupled effects of initial ground stress and external dynamic disturbance.In order to study the effect of internal flaw on pre-stressed rock mechanical responses and failure behavior under impact loading,intact granite specimens and specimens with different flaw inclinations are tested by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)and digital image correlation(DIC)method.The results show that peak strain and dynamic strength of intact specimens and specimens with different flaw angles(α)decrease with the increase of axial static pressure.The 90°flaw has weak reduction effect on peak strain,dynamic strength and combined strength,while 45°and 0°flaws have remarkable reduction effect.Specimens with 90°flaw are suffered combined shear and tensile failure under middle and low axial static pre-stresses,and suffered shear failure under high axial static pre-stresses.Specimens with 45°and 0°flaws are suffered oblique shear failure caused by pre-existing flaw under different axial static pre-stresses.Besides,based on digital image correlation method,it is found that micro-cracks before formation of macro fractures(include shear and tensile fractures)belong to tensile cracks.Tensile and shear strain localizations at pre-existing flaw tip for specimen with 45°and 0°flaws are produced much earlier than that at other positions.

Ductility improvement methods for commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy in cold forging

In order to realize cold forging of magnesium alloys in practical application,some methods for ductility improvement of a commercial wrought AZ31B magnesium alloy(Mg-3%Al-1%Zn,mass fraction) at room temperature were suggested.The effects of heat treatment before forging and hydrostatic pressure during forging on the ductility were investigated in cold upsetting and cup forging.High-temperature annealing was effective to reduce the degree of the texture anisotropy of the specimen,and it was found that the forging limit of the annealed specimen was improved in cold forging.On the other hand,cold cup forging of the annealed specimen was carried out with applying counter pressure.By applying counter pressures of 100-200 MPa during forging,the critical punch stroke for forging limit of the specimen without crack was improved by 25%in punch stroke.

Crack propagation mechanism of compression-shear rock under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure

To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor are analyzed under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure on the basis of theoretical deduction and experimental research. It is shown that the major influence factors of the crack tip stress intensity factor are seepage pressure, dynamic load, static stress and crack angle. The existence of seepage water pressure aggravates propagation of branch cracks. With the seepage pressure increasing, the branch crack experiences unstable extension from stable propagation. The dynamic load in the direction of maximum main stress increases type I crack tip stress intensity factor and its influence on type II crack intensity factor is related with crack angle and material property. Crack initiation angle changes with the dynamic load. The initial crack initiation angle of type I dynamic crack fracture is 70.5°. The compression-shear crack initial strength is related to seepage pressure, confining pressure, and dynamic load. Experimental results verify that the initial crack strength increases with the confining pressure increasing, and decreases with the seepage pressure increasing.

Caustic study on blast-induced wing crack behaviors in dynamic–static superimposed stress field

This paper studies blast-induced wing crack behavior in a dynamic–static superimposed stress field using high-speed photography in combination with the optical method of caustics. With a static–dynamic loading setup, four PMMA plate specimens with pre-existing cracks under different static loading and the same dynamic loading were tested to observe the mechanical characteristics and the kinematic characteristics of blast-induced wing cracks during the propagation process, including crack length, crack velocity and dynamic stress intensity factor(SIF) at the crack tip. The results show that the behavior of the blast-induced wing crack is affected by the explosion stress wave and initial static stress, and the initial static stress with the direction being perpendicular to the wing crack propagation direction hinders crack propagation. Furthermore, the boundary constraint condition of the specimen plays an important role on the behavior of the crack propagation in the experiment.

Effect of electrostatic tractions on the fracture behavior of a dielectric material under mechanical and/or electric loading

The effect of electrostatic tractions on the fracture behavior of a dielectric material under mechanical and/or electric loading is analyzed,by studying a pre-cracked parallel-plate capacitor,and illustrated by plots.The results indicate that electrostatic tractions on the electrodes compress the material in front of the crack tip,while electrostatic tractions on the crack faces have the tendency to close the crack and stretch the material behind the crack tip.Mechanical load is the driving force to propagate the crack,while applied electric field retards crack propagation due to the electrostatic tractions.As a direct consequence,the fracture criterion is composed of two parts:the energy release rate must exceed a critical value and the mechanical load must be higher than the critical value for crack opening.